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1.
Revue Africaine de Médecine Interne ; 10(1-2): 40-45, 2023. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1511907

RESUMO

Introduction : L'hospitalisation en néphrologie n'avait pas fait l'objet de plusieurs études au Sénégal et les données sont limitées. Notre travail avait pour but de déterminer les facteurs associés à l'hospitalisation prolongée et à la mortalité en néphrologie. Patients et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude observationnelle prospective de 5 mois incluant tous les patients hospitalisés dans le service durant au moins 24H. La durée d'hospitalisation (la période allant du jour d'admission dans la chambre d'hospitalisation au jour de sortie du patient) était dite prolongée si > 12 jours. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf patients ont été analysés durant cette période avec une durée moyenne en hospitalisation de 11,14 ± 9,89 jours. L'âge moyen était de 45,22 ± 18,03 ans avec un sex-ratio (H/F) de 0,62. Les anomalies biologiques étaient : l'hyponatrémie (62,36%), l'hypokaliémie (23,91%), l'hypocalcémie (25%), l'hyperphosphatémie (51,21%), l'anémie (92,30%), la CRP élevée (90,90%) et l'hypoalbuminémie (80,76%). La protéinurie moyenne était de 3,38 ± 3,35 g/24h avec 34,61% de protéinurie néphrotique. La mortalité hospitalière était de 25,25%. En analyse univariée, l'hospitalisation prolongée était associée à l'âge ≤ 45 ans (p = 0,018), aux patients non dialysés chroniques (p=0,034), à la transfusion sanguine (p=0,008) tandis que la mortalité était liée à l'âge de plus de 45 ans (p=0,032), le diabète (p=0,014), l'hypokaliémie (p=0,045) et l'hospitalisation prolongé (p=0,007). En analyse multivariée, les patients présentant des œdèmes et ceux ayant été transfusés avaient respectivement 2,89 et 3,9 fois plus de risque d'avoir une hospitalisation prolongée. Les patients diabétiques avaient 4,63 fois plus de risque de décès et ceux ayant été hospitalisés de plus de 12 jours avaient 0,14 fois de risque de décès. Conclusion : La durée d'hospitalisation était relativement prolongée avec une mortalité élevée. Cependant l'impact de certains facteurs a été démontré permettant ainsi de réduire la durée d'hospitalisation et le nombre de décès.


Introduction: Hospitalization in nephrology had not been the subject of several studies in Senegal and the data are limited. Our work aimed to determine the factors associated with prolonged hospitalization and mortality in nephrology. Patients and methods: This was a 5-month prospective observational study including all patients hospitalized in the department for at least 24 hours. The duration of hospitalization (the period from the day of admission to the hospital room to the day of the patient's discharge) was said to be prolonged if > 12 days. Results: Ninety-nine patients were analyzed during this period with an average hospital stay of 11.14 ± 9.89 days. The mean age was 45.22 ± 18.03 years with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.62. The biological abnormalities were: hyponatremia (62.36%), hypokalemia (23.91%), hypocalcemia (25%), hyperphosphatemia (51.21%), anemia (92.30 %), elevated CRP (90.90%) and hypoalbuminemia (80.76%). The mean proteinuria was 3.38 ± 3.35 g/24h with 34.61% nephrotic proteinuria. Hospital mortality was 25.25%. In univariate analysis, prolonged hospitalization was associated with age ≤ 45 years (p = 0.018), chronic non-dialysis patients (p = 0.034), blood transfusion (p = 0.008) while mortality was related to age over 45 (p=0.032), diabetes (p=0.014), hypokalaemia (p=0.045) and prolonged hospitalization (p=0.007). In multivariate analysis, patients with edema and those who had been transfused were respectively 2.89 and 3.9 times more likely to have prolonged hospitalization. Diabetic patients had a 4.63 times greater risk of death and those who had been hospitalized for more than 12 days had a 0.14 times greater risk of death. Conclusion: The duration of hospitalization was relatively prolonged with high mortality. However, the impact of certain factors has been demonstrated, thus making it possible to reduce the duration of hospitalization and the number of deaths


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Nefrologia
2.
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol ; 69(4): 991-7, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22147075

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effect of a single 45-mg dose of dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptors-1, -2, and -4, on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers (HV) using dextromethorphan (DM), a selective CYP2D6 probe. METHODS: Fourteen male HVs were enrolled in this open-label, randomized, cross-over, single-dose study of DM alone or with dacomitinib. Each HV received both treatments separated by a 14-day washout period. The pharmacokinetics of DM, dextrorphan (DX; the major DM metabolite), dacomitinib and PF-05199265 (an active metabolite of dacomitinib) were calculated. RESULTS: When combined with dacomitinib, the ratio of adjusted geometric means (90% CI) of DM area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)(last) was 955% (90% CI: 560%, 1,630%) and maximum plasma concentration (C (max)) was 973% (90% CI: 590%, 1,606%), compared with DM alone. For dacomitinib plus DM, exposures were consistent with those in patients receiving single-dose dacomitinib. Terminal elimination half-life (t (1/2)) was 51.4 h. Mild and moderate treatment-related adverse events were reported. No HV withdrew from the study. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of dacomitinib plus DM was safe and well tolerated in HVs and resulted in a significant increase in systemic exposures of DM in extensive metabolizers. No effect was observed on the pharmacokinetics of dacomitinib. Drug-drug interaction may occur when dacomitinib is concomitantly administered with therapeutic agents metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. Administration of drugs which are highly dependent on CYP2D6 metabolism may require dose adjustment, or substitution with an alternative medication.


Assuntos
Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6 , Dextrometorfano/farmacologia , Quinazolinonas/farmacologia , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/metabolismo , Dextrometorfano/efeitos adversos , Dextrometorfano/farmacocinética , Interações Medicamentosas , Humanos , Masculino , Quinazolinonas/efeitos adversos , Quinazolinonas/farmacocinética
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