RESUMO
Toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi representing Fusarium genus are common contaminants in cereals worldwide. To estimate the dietary intake of these trichothecene mycotoxins, information on their fate during cereal processing is needed. Up-to-date techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for the analysis of seven trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, 15- and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and fusarenon-X) in bread production chain (wheat grains, intermediate products collected during milling and baking process, breads). Regardless of whether the grains were naturally infected or artificially inoculated by Fusarium spp. in the field, the fractions obtained from the grain-cleaning procedure contained the highest mycotoxin levels. During milling the highest concentrations of deoxynivalenol were found in the bran, the lowest in the reduction flours. Baking at 210 degrees C for 14 min had no significant effect on deoxynivalenol levels. The rheological properties of dough measured by fermentograph, maturograph, oven rise recorder, and laboratory baking test were carried out, and based on the obtained results the influence of mycotoxin content on rheological behaviour was investigated.
Assuntos
Pão/análise , Grão Comestível , Farinha/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Tricotecenos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida , Grão Comestível/microbiologia , Fusarium/isolamento & purificação , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
The aim of this study was a monitoring of the occurrence ofAlternaria andFusarium mycotoxins in winter wheat from domestic crop in the year 2003. Altenuene was determined in 56 (100%) samples of winter wheat, range 14.5-41 µg/kg, mean 25 µg/kg. Alternariol was determined in 16 (28.6%) samples of winter wheat, range 6.3-22.1 µg/kg, mean 5.7 µ/kg. DON was determined in 42 (100%) samples of winter wheat, range 250-3500 µg/kg, mean 330 µg/kg. T2-toxin was determined in 42 (100%) samples of winter wheat, range 25-337 µg/kg, mean 99 µg/kg. ZEA was not determined in samples of winter wheat.