Technological Import Dependence of the Russian Economy: An Assessment Using Input-Output Tables.

The article analyzes the level of import dependence of Russian industry in relation to the supply of intermediate consumption products from China and in general from all countries of the world. The study was carried out during the period of the increasing spread of coronavirus infection in order to determine the industries that are potentially the most vulnerable to possible disruption of foreign trade. The information base for calculations is the official data on the volume and structure of Russia's foreign trade and the input-output tables of the WIOD. As a result of calculations using several alternative models, it was found that Russian industry, even with significant integration into the world production chains, remains sufficiently resistant to local supply shocks. The analysis of import dependence in terms of imported raw materials and components can be used in the study of any shocks in foreign trade, it makes it possible to more accurately assess the effects of trade agreements or sanctions, as well as the effect of the devaluation of the national currency.

[Surgical treatment of a patient with traumatic rupture of the aortic arch and late oesophageal perforation]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie bol'nogo s travmaticheskim razryvom dugi aorty i pozdnei perforatsiei pishchevoda.

Described herein is a clinical case report regarding a patient presenting with traumatic rupture of the aortic isthmus with the development of a pseudoaneurysm occupying virtually the entire posterior mediastinum and measuring 20?10 cm in size. He was immediately treated as an emergency to undergo prosthetic reconstruction of the portion of the aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta by means of temporary bypass grafting with a synthetic graft in order to protect the visceral organs. The postoperative period was complicated by oesophageal perforation with the formation of an oesophago-paraprosthetic fistula, infection of the vascular graft, accompanied by the development of pleural empyema and mediastinitis. A second operative procedure was performed, consisting of subclavian-iliac bypass grafting on the right with a polytetrafluoroethylene graft measuring 20 mm in diameter, exclusion of the intrathoracic portion of the oesophagus, creation of a gastro- and oesophagostoma, retrieval of the vascular graft followed by suturing of the aorta, pleurectomy, decortication of the lung, and removal of the empyemic sac on the left. There was no evidence of ischaemia of the spinal cord or visceral arteries. One month postoperatively, he underwent a traumatological stage and 4 months thereafter plasty of the oesophagus with an isoperistaltic gastric pedicle, extirpation of the thoracic portion of the oesophagus, to be later on followed by closure of the oesophagostoma. The patient experienced no difficulties either while walking or during other physical activities, with the ankle-brachial index amounting to 0.9. With time, he developed difficult-to-correct pulmonary hypertension. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died of acute cardiopulmonary insufficiency 9 years after right-sided extra-anatomical subclavian-iliac bypass grafting.

[About the administration of treatment and diagnostic process in the Main Military Clinical Hospital n. a. N.N.Burdenko].

Since December 1, 2009 was reorganized the structure and significantly extended the composition of hospitals and outpatient clinics (subsidiaries) subordinated to the Main Military Clinical Hospital n.a N.N. Burdenko, hospital bed capacity increased to 3770 beds available against 1320. In fact GVKG in new structure has become a major hospital health-care union. The need for sustainability of the union demanded revision of the available and create a modern management system. The aim of performed study was to examine lessons learned, building a new system and strengthening the chain of command. Achieving this goal required the development and introduction of modern, more precise and well-functioning system of interaction between units, and the collection of primary medical and health-economic information for assessing the performance of departments, centers, divisions and associations in general, making more informed decisions the organization of therapeutic and prophylactic and therapeutic and diagnostic work.

Hock burn: an indicator of broiler flock health.

This study aimed to identify risk factors for the prevalence of hock burn, a common disease of broiler chickens that influences the welfare and profitability of affected flocks, using hierarchical logistic regression analysis of routine flock management data. The study identified an association between hock burn and other diseases detected at slaughter and found that the management of flocks around the slaughter period was of particular importance for the control of hock burn, providing a rational basis for intervention.

[Special medical strategy in patients with decompensated stenosis of the trachea of malignant genesis].

The article presents a generalized experience with treatment of 49 patients with malignant stenosis of the trachea complicated by respiratory insufficiency. Different methods of endoscopic recanalization of the stenosed portion of the trachea are analyzed. Factors are shown influencing the outcome of urgent restoration of patency of the respiratory pathways. Exact indications are proposed on carrying out self-locking stents in patients with malignant damage of the trachea, and the sequence of actions in patients with decompensated stenosis of the trachea of malignant nature.

[The first successful bilateral lung transplantation in Russia].

Lung transplantation is one of the most difficult fields of contemporary transplantology. The operation was performed on a 53-year-old female who had been suffering from terminal stage COPD. The period of cold ischemia for the right and left lung was 1 hour 30 minutes and 2 hours 25 minutes respectively. The total operation time was 4 hours and 40 minutes. There were no surgical complications. There were no signs of transplant rejection 6 weeks after the operation. The considerable decrease in dispnea and increase in quality of life were registered during the follow-up. FEV1 was increased by 80% and 6 minute walk test distance was increased by 200 meters.

[The modern methods for hemothorax volume correction after lung resection for tuberculosis].

In the cases of lung extensive resections the method of choice is the diaphragm transfer (diaphragmopexia) and filling of cervical pleura with biological materials, which considerably decrease the volume of pleural cavity, prevent the overextension of pulmonary parenchyma and that's why contribute to decrease in the number of post-operation complications and recurrences of pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Critical state medicine. Surfactant therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome (results of multicenter studies)]. / Meditsina kriticheskikh sostoianii. Surfaktant-terapiia respiratornogo distress-sindroma vzroslykh (rezul'taty mnogotsentrovykh ispytanii).

The paper provides evidence for the pathogenetic approach to treating acute lung lesion (ALL) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An algorithm of the use of Russian lung surfactant preparations: CT-HL and CT-BL has been developed. In involves earlier (the first days following the onset of respiratory failure) use of surfactant, its combined bolus intratracheal or intrabronchial administration in doses of 200-400 mg/m2, followed by continuous (5-day) aerosol inhalation in doses of 20-30 mg/h for children and 30-75 mg/h for adults until pronounced clinical and X-ray effects are shown. Fifty three patients were found to develop ALL and ARDS in the presence of severe pneumonia, postperfusion lung disorders, reperfusion syndrome, pulmonary embolism, long-term artificial ventilation, combined car accident injury and gunshot wounds of the chest, heroine intoxication, septic shock, sepsis, postoperative sequels in cancer patients, and after hepatic transplantation or massive aspiration of gastric contents. Fifty patients were overcome their critical status, 44 survived. The duration of artificial ventilation (AV) ranged from 1 to 6 days. Earlier use of the drugs made it possible to transfer patients to safe AV regimens and to eliminate ALL and ARDS rapidly and to significantly reduce mortality due to critical states.

[Long-term results of surgical treatment of bilateral pulmonary tuberculosis in military personnel]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia dvustoronnego tuberkuleza legkikh u voennosluzhashchikh.

Long-term outcomes of surgical treatment have been analyzed for 204 servicemen admitted to hospital for bilateral tuberculosis in 1975-1990. A complete response was achieved in 191 (93.7%) patients. The recurrence occurred in 13 (6.3%) patients 5-7 years after their discharge from the hospital. All of them received a second course of antituberculous treatment. 98% of the patients resumed the service.

[High-frequency pulmonary ventilation in general surgical and intrathoracic surgical interventions]. / Vysokochastotnaia ventiliatsiia legkikh pri obshchekhirurgicheskikh i vnutrigrudnykh operativnykh vmeshatel'stvakh.

Various types of high-frequency and conventional controlled lung ventilation, as part of anesthesiological management during surgery have been comparatively assessed. The study was conducted on 239 patients. The study of gas exchange, mechanical properties and pulmonary hemodynamics revealed no data indicating the clinically significant advantages of high frequency ventilation regimens. When high-frequency ventilation was used there was a close relationship between bronchial patency and ventilation efficacy. The authors come to a conclusion that high-frequency ventilation regimens cannot be considered nowadays as an alternative to conventional controlled lung ventilation.