Descripción del perfil de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en población adolescente de 15 a 18 años del conurbano bonaerense / Description of the profile of consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescent population of 15 to 18 years of the Buenos Aires

Objetivo: El consumo de drogas afecta a los adolescentes de cualquier estrato social, con múltiples implicancias personales, familiares y sociales. El Instituto de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas de la Academia Nacional de Medicina y SEDRONAR se propusieron identificar un perfil del consumo en adolescentes escolarizados. Material y Métodos: en 2005 se encuestaron 1755 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años, escolarizados, del área denominado "Conurbano Bonaerense" correspondiente a la Provincia de Buenos Aires, mediante una encuesta anónima, voluntaria y autoadministrada, y un diseño probabilístico de escuelas públicas y privadas. Resultados: se detectó una prevalencia alta de consumo de alcohol, seguido de tabaco, marihuana, estimulantes y cocaína. Se encontraron factores asociados: consumo por algún familiar de los amigos, comunicación familiar, hacinamiento y actitudes de tolerancia hacia el consumo. Los resultados alcanzados señalan la necesidad de continuar los estudios sobre las motivaciones acerca del comportamiento de la transmisión de la adicción y los factores de vulnerabilidad y resiliencia.

Prevalence of urolithiasis in the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Urolithiasis is the third most common pathological disease afflicting the urinary tract, and usually occurs between the third and fourth decades of an individual's life. Epidemiological studies about this condition are lacking in our country. In 1998, we performed an epidemiological, cross-sectional study of the prevalence of urolithiasis in a sample of 1,086 subjects, which included men and women of all ages, selected from the general population of the city of Buenos Aires. The method used to gather basic information was an auto administered questionnaire about the present or past history of urolithiasis that was handled at the dwelling by a trained volunteer. We found a 3.96% lifetime prevalence of urolithiasis in the general population of Buenos Aires. The rate was slightly higher in men (4.35%) than in women (3.62%), with a male to female ratio of 1.19:1. No case of urolithiasis was found in subjects under the age of 20. In subjects over 19 years, the prevalence rate of the disease was 5.14%; 5.98% for men (CI 3.41-8.55%) and 4.49% for women (CI 2.61-6.37%). Prevalence increased with age, ranging from 2.75% in the 20-39 age group to 7.79% in those >or=60 years. The life time prevalence rate of urolithiasis observed in Buenos Aires is similar to that reported in a few other studies performed among males and females in the general population of USA and Europe. Prevalence of urolithiasis increases with age both in men and in women.

[Violent causes of death in young people of 10 to 24 years old. Argentina 1991 - 2000]. / Mortalidad por causas violentas en adolescentes y jóvenes de 10 a 24 años. Argentina 1991-2000.

OBJECTIVE: to study the most frequent death causes between young people during 1991 to 2000. We worked at the Epidemiological Research Center of the Buenos Aires Academy of Medicine, with all the country's death dates certified by the Ministry of Health. Argentine young population (10 to 24 years old) was of about 10,000,000 people, after the increase of 15% during the studied period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The population studied were all violent causes of death of people between 10 to 24 years old, of Argentina, since 1991 to 2000. The violent causes of death studied were: Accident (other than traffic), traffic accidents, suicide, homicide, between 10-14 year old, 15-19 year old and 20-24 year old, male and female youngsters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis per province and per country. RESULTS: Of 100% of death causes among 10-24 years old adolescents: 15% were accidents (non traffic), 14,6 traffic accidents, 10,1% homicides and 9,1% were suicides. Mortality rates were higher for males, in all ages and during all the period. We observed an increase in external causes of death during 1991 to 2000. Mortality rates of homicide and suicide increased for males between 1991 and 2000. DISCUSSION: Adolescents (15-19 year old) and male gender are risk factors for external causes of death (accidents, aggression and suicide). The results of this study showed that mortality by violent causes should be a priority problem for the Public Health and for all the community.

Mortalidad por causas violentas en adolescentes y jóvenes de 10 a 24 años. Argentina 1991-2000. / [Violent causes of death in young people of 10 to 24 years old. Argentina 1991 - 2000]

OBJECTIVE: to study the most frequent death causes between young people during 1991 to 2000. We worked at the Epidemiological Research Center of the Buenos Aires Academy of Medicine, with all the countrys death dates certified by the Ministry of Health. Argentine young population (10 to 24 years old) was of about 10,000,000 people, after the increase of 15

during the studied period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The population studied were all violent causes of death of people between 10 to 24 years old, of Argentina, since 1991 to 2000. The violent causes of death studied were: Accident (other than traffic), traffic accidents, suicide, homicide, between 10-14 year old, 15-19 year old and 20-24 year old, male and female youngsters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis per province and per country. RESULTS: Of 100

of death causes among 10-24 years old adolescents: 15

were accidents (non traffic), 14,6 traffic accidents, 10,1

homicides and 9,1

were suicides. Mortality rates were higher for males, in all ages and during all the period. We observed an increase in external causes of death during 1991 to 2000. Mortality rates of homicide and suicide increased for males between 1991 and 2000. DISCUSSION: Adolescents (15-19 year old) and male gender are risk factors for external causes of death (accidents, aggression and suicide). The results of this study showed that mortality by violent causes should be a priority problem for the Public Health and for all the community.

Mortalidad por causas violentas en adolescentes y jóvenes de 10 a 24 años. Argentina 1991-2000 / [Violent causes of death in young people of 10 to 24 years old. Argentina 1991 - 2000]

OBJECTIVE: to study the most frequent death causes between young people during 1991 to 2000. We worked at the Epidemiological Research Center of the Buenos Aires Academy of Medicine, with all the country’s death dates certified by the Ministry of Health. Argentine young population (10 to 24 years old) was of about 10,000,000 people, after the increase of 15

during the studied period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The population studied were all violent causes of death of people between 10 to 24 years old, of Argentina, since 1991 to 2000. The violent causes of death studied were: Accident (other than traffic), traffic accidents, suicide, homicide, between 10-14 year old, 15-19 year old and 20-24 year old, male and female youngsters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis per province and per country. RESULTS: Of 100

homicides and 9,1

were suicides. Mortality rates were higher for males, in all ages and during all the period. We observed an increase in external causes of death during 1991 to 2000. Mortality rates of homicide and suicide increased for males between 1991 and 2000. DISCUSSION: Adolescents (15-19 year old) and male gender are risk factors for external causes of death (accidents, aggression and suicide). The results of this study showed that mortality by violent causes should be a priority problem for the Public Health and for all the community.

El observador y el instrumento en mediciones cefalométricas / The observer and the instrument in cephalometric measurements

El conocimiento de la dimensión vertical esquelética posterior y anterior permite encarar las metas terapéuticas en los niños que recibirán tratamiento de ortopedia maxilar. Distintos autores coinciden en considerar de gran utilidad la manera en que se divide el ángulo goníaco. Se analizan 143 telerradiografías iniciales del archivo de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia Funcional de los Maxilares (AAOFM). Se estudiaron las dificultades en la medición, centradas, fundamentalmente, en el observador y en el instrumento utilizado y se encontró que las diferencias se presentan por la actitud del observador, más que por la utilización de elementos diferentes a los de uso corriente en la práctica cefalométrica

El observador y el instrumento en mediciones cefalométricas / The observer and the instrument in cephalometric measurements

El conocimiento de la dimensión vertical esquelética posterior y anterior permite encarar las metas terapéuticas en los niños que recibirán tratamiento de ortopedia maxilar. Distintos autores coinciden en considerar de gran utilidad la manera en que se divide el ángulo goníaco. Se analizan 143 telerradiografías iniciales del archivo de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia Funcional de los Maxilares (AAOFM). Se estudiaron las dificultades en la medición, centradas, fundamentalmente, en el observador y en el instrumento utilizado y se encontró que las diferencias se presentan por la actitud del observador, más que por la utilización de elementos diferentes a los de uso corriente en la práctica cefalométrica (AU)

Prevalencia de litiasis renal en la población general de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires - 1998 / Prevalence of urolithiasis in the general population of the City of Buenos Aires - 1998

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de litiasis renal en la población de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se obtuvo una muestra probabilística de viviendas, y en cada vivienda se encuestó a todos los habitantes de ambos sexos y todas las edades, por medio de un Formulario Epidemiológico estructurado anónimo autoadministrado, averiguando sexo, edad, y si tenían o habían tenido antes una evidencia de padecer litiasis renal; para afirmar la existencia de litiasis se incluyeron otros datos confirmatorios. De 1086 encuestados 43 contestaron tener o haber tenido cálculos, todos ellos por haber recibido diagnóstico médico y además algunos por ver el cálculo al ser eliminado. Hubo diferencia en la tasa de prevalencia según sexo, con valores mayores en los varones, pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. No se encontraron personas con litiasis en edades inferiores a los 20 años.

Prevalencia de litiasis renal en la población general de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires - 1998 / Prevalence of urolithiasis in the general population of the City of Buenos Aires - 1998

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de litiasis renal en la población de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se obtuvo una muestra probabilística de viviendas, y en cada vivienda se encuestó a todos los habitantes de ambos sexos y todas las edades, por medio de un Formulario Epidemiológico estructurado anónimo autoadministrado, averiguando sexo, edad, y si tenían o habían tenido antes una evidencia de padecer litiasis renal; para afirmar la existencia de litiasis se incluyeron otros datos confirmatorios. De 1086 encuestados 43 contestaron tener o haber tenido cálculos, todos ellos por haber recibido diagnóstico médico y además algunos por ver el cálculo al ser eliminado. Hubo diferencia en la tasa de prevalencia según sexo, con valores mayores en los varones, pero la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. No se encontraron personas con litiasis en edades inferiores a los 20 años. (AU)