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1.
CJEM ; 2024 May 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38700785

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Prehospital stroke endovascular therapy bypass transports patients with suspected large vessel occlusion directly to an endovascular therapy capable center. Our objective was to determine if an endovascular therapy bypass protocol improved access to stroke treatments. Secondary objectives were to determine safety, effectiveness, and rate of subsequent interfacility transfers. METHODS: Endovascular therapy bypass in 2018 was implemented in Eastern Ontario, for patients with a Los-Angeles-Motor-Scale ≥ 4 (positive large vessel occlusion screen) with a 90-min transport time if < 6 h from last seen well. A before-after health record review was conducted from Dec 1, 2017 to Nov 30, 2019. A piloted data form was used to extract demographics, times, primary outcomes (endovascular therapy and intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) rate), and secondary outcomes (redirect to closer hospital, airway intervention, and subsequent interfacility transfer). We present descriptive statistics and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) from multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: We included 379 stroke patients (165 pre and 214 post-implementation). The endovascular therapy rate between groups was similar (14.1% vs 15.1%). The bypass had an OR of 0.98 (95% CI 0.54-1.78) for receiving endovascular therapy. IV tPA was given to 25.4% of patients pre vs 27.4% post-implementation (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.65-1.74). No patients became unstable during transport, only one patient had an intubation attempt. The inappropriate bypass (false positive) rate was 12.7% pre vs 12.8% post-implementation (positive predictive value 87%). The bypass protocol had an OR of 1.06 (95% CI 0.58-1.95) for subsequent interfacility transfer with a mean of 2.7 h at the community site before transfer. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular therapy stroke bypass with 90-min transport radius and Los-Angeles-Motor-Scale ≥ 4 was safe and well executed by paramedics. Our study did not show any difference in endovascular therapy rate from its implementation. The IV tPA rate was similar between groups despite potentially bypassing thrombolysis capable centers.


ABSTRAIT: INTRODUCTION: Le pontage de la thérapie endovasculaire pré-hospitalière transporte les patients présentant une occlusion suspectée de gros vaisseaux directement vers un centre capable de thérapie endovasculaire. Notre objectif était de déterminer si un protocole de pontage endovasculaire améliore l'accès aux traitements d'AVC. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de déterminer l'innocuité, l'efficacité et le taux des transferts d'interfacilité subséquents. MéTHODES: Le pontage par thérapie endovasculaire en 2018 a été mis en œuvre dans l'Est de l'Ontario, pour les patients ayant un test Los-Angeles-Motor-Scale 4 (test positif d'occlusion des gros vaisseaux) avec un temps de transport de 90 minutes si < 6 heures après la dernière observation. Un examen du dossier de santé avant-après a été effectué du 1er décembre 2017 au 30 novembre 2019. Un formulaire de données pilote a été utilisé pour extraire les données démographiques, les heures, les résultats primaires (traitement endovasculaire et taux d'activation du plasminogène par voie intraveineuse (IV) et les résultats secondaires (réorientation vers un hôpital plus proche, intervention sur les voies respiratoires et transfert d'interfacilité subséquent). Nous présentons des statistiques descriptives et des rapports de cotes (RC) avec des intervalles de confiance (IC) à 95 % à partir d'une régression logistique multivariée. RéSULTATS: Nous avons inclus 379 AVC (165 avant et 214 après la mise en œuvre). Le taux de traitement endovasculaire entre les groupes était similaire (14,1 % vs 15,1 %). Le pontage avait un RC de 0,98 (IC à 95 %, 0,54-1,78) pour le traitement endovasculaire. Le tPA IV a été administré à 25,4% des patients avant vs 27,4% après la mise en œuvre (OR 1,06, 95%CI 0,65-1,74). Aucun patient n'est devenu instable pendant le transport, seulement 1 patient a eu une tentative d'intubation. Le taux de pontage inapproprié (faux positif) était de 12,7 % avant et de 12,8 % après la mise en œuvre (valeur prédictive positive de 87 %). Le protocole de contournement avait un RC de 1,06 (IC à 95 % 0,58-1,95) pour le transfert d'interfacilité ultérieur avec une moyenne de 2,7 heures sur le site de la communauté avant le transfert. CONCLUSIONS: Le pontage d'AVC de thérapie endovasculaire avec un rayon de transport de 90 minutes et Los-Angeles-Motor-Scale 4 était sûr et bien exécuté par les ambulanciers. Notre étude n'a montré aucune différence dans le taux de thérapie endovasculaire par rapport à sa mise en œuvre. Le taux de tPA IV était similaire entre les groupes malgré le fait que les centres capables de contourner la thrombolyse étaient potentiellement contournés.

2.
Am J Emerg Med ; 81: 82-85, 2024 Apr 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38677198

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly common and postoperative patients often present to the emergency department (ED) with complications. We sought to describe the presenting complaints, management, and outcomes of postoperative bariatric surgery patients seen in the ED. METHODS: We conducted a health records review of 300 consecutive postoperative Roux-en-Y bypass surgery patients who presented to two tertiary care EDs of a major bariatric surgery center within one year of surgery. Cases were identified using a data analytic tool, and two evaluators abstracted clinical variables, imaging, treatments, and outcomes using the electronic health record. Attending emergency physicians verified the data and an experienced bariatric surgeon interpreted the computed tomography (CT) results and surgical procedures. RESULTS: We included 300 patients with mean age 43.0 years, 89.7% female. Of these, 70.0% presented within 30 days of surgery and 41.7% were admitted to hospital. ED treatments included intravenous fluids (67.0%), antiemetics (53.3%), and analgesia (61.9%). Patients presenting within 30 days of surgery were more likely to undergo a CT (74.3% vs 63.3%; p = 0.06) and to have clinically important CT findings (31.9% vs 6.6%; p ≤0.001). More of the ≤30-day patients were admitted to hospital (46.2% vs 31.1%; p = 0.02). While a higher proportion of patients presenting after 30 days underwent a procedure, a large number of those were not directly related to bariatric surgery, such as appendectomy and cholecystectomy. Of the 34 patients undergoing a procedure, the majority presented with abdominal pain (76.5%). CONCLUSION: This is the first detailed health records review of postoperative bariatric patients seen in the ED in the emergency medicine literature. Those presenting with abdominal pain were more likely to undergo CT abdomen and a surgical procedure. Similarly, those presenting within 30 days of surgery were more likely to have significant CT findings and require hospital admission. Others presenting with primarily nausea and vomiting may improve with ED symptom management and be discharged home with bariatric team follow-up.

3.
Can J Cardiol ; 2024 Feb 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331027

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We sought to improve the immediate and subsequent care of emergency department (ED) patients with acute atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter (AFL) by implementing the principles of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians AF/AFL Best Practices Checklist. METHODS: This cohort study included 3 periods: before (7 months), intervention introduction (1 month), and after (7 months), and was conducted at a major academic centre. We included patients who presented with an episode of acute AF or AFL and used multiple strategies to support ED adoption of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians checklist. We developed new cardiology rapid-access follow-up processes. The main outcomes were unsafe and suboptimal treatments in the ED. RESULTS: We included 1108 patient visits, with 559 in the before and 549 in the after period. In a comparison of the periods, there was an increase in use of chemical cardioversion (20.6% vs 25.0%; absolute difference [AD], 4.4%) and in electrical cardioversion (39.2% vs 51.2%; AD, 12.0%). More patients were discharged with sinus rhythm restored (66.9% vs 75.0%; AD, 8.1%). The proportion seen in a follow-up cardiology clinic increased from 24.2% to 39.9% (AD, 15.7%) and the mean time until seen decreased substantially (103.3 vs 49.0 days; AD, -54.3 days). There were very few unsafe cases (0.4% vs 0.7%) and, although there was an increase in suboptimal care (19.5% vs 23.1%), overall patient outcomes were excellent. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully improved the care for ED patients with acute AF/AFL and achieved more frequent and more rapid cardiology follow-up. Although cases of unsafe management were uncommon and patient outcomes were excellent, there are opportunities for physicians to improve their care of acute AF/AFL patients. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT05468281.

4.
Resuscitation ; 197: 110148, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38382874

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the impact of a medical directive allowing nurses to use defibrillators in automated external defibrillator-mode (AED) on in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) outcomes. METHODS: We completed a health record review of consecutive IHCA for which resuscitation was attempted using a pragmatic multi-phase before-after cohort design. We report Utstein outcomes before (Jan.2012-Aug.2013;Control) the implementation of the AED medical directive following usual practice (Sept.2013-Aug.2016;Phase 1), and following the addition of a theory-based educational video (Sept.2016-Dec.2017;Phase 2). RESULTS: There were 753 IHCA with the following characteristics (Before n = 195; Phase 1n = 372; Phase 2n = 186): mean age 66, 60.0% male, 79.3% witnessed, 29.1% noncardiac-monitored medical ward, 23.9% cardiac cause, and initial ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (VF/VT) 27.2%. Comparing the Before, Phase 1 and 2: an AED was used 0 time (0.0%), 21 times (5.7%), 15 times (8.1%); mean times to 1st analysis were 7 min, 3 min and 1 min (p < 0.0001); mean times to 1st shock were 12 min, 10 min and 8 min (p = 0.32); return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was 63.6%, 59.4% and 58.1% (p = 0.77); survival was 24.6%, 21.0% and 25.8% (p = 0.37). Among IHCA in VF/VT (n = 165), time to 1st analysis and 1st shock decreased by 5 min (p = 0.01) and 6 min (p = 0.23), and ROSC and survival increased by 3.0% (p = 0.80) and 15.6% (p = 0.31). There was no survival benefit overall (1.2%; p = 0.37) or within noncardiac-monitored areas (-7.2%; p = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a medical directive allowing for AED use by nurses successfully improved key outcomes for IHCA victims, particularly following the theory-based education video and among the VF/VT group.


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Parada Cardíaca , Taquicardia Ventricular , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Desfibriladores/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Ventricular/complicações , Fibrilação Ventricular/terapia , Taquicardia Ventricular/complicações , Hospitais , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/efeitos adversos
5.
CJEM ; 25(12): 976-983, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37938515

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Little evidence exists studying the benefits of pre-hospital trauma team activation. Our study measured the impact of pre-hospital trauma team activation on 24-h survival. Our secondary objectives assessed the effects of pre-hospital trauma team activation on time to emergency procedure, computed tomography, blood transfusion, and critical administration threshold, as well as emergency department length of stay. METHODS: We conducted a 40-month health records review on all trauma team activations at The Ottawa Hospital, a Level 1 Trauma Center. Outcomes were compared between pre-hospital and in-hospital trauma team activations. We used logistic and linear regression models to assess outcomes, while controlling for injury severity score, age, systolic blood pressure, and anti-coagulation use. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A sensitivity analysis was also used to validate the primary outcome results. RESULTS: Of the 1013 trauma team activations occurring during the study period, 762 patients were included. The mean age (41.3 vs. 43.8) and percentage of males (79.4% vs. 77.5%) for pre-hospital activations were similar to their counterparts. Pre-hospital activations did not have a statistically significant effect on 24-h mortality (14.4% vs. 4.5%; P = 0.30). However, pre-hospital activations did demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in time (minutes) to emergency procedure (18.0 vs. 27.0; P < 0.001), computed tomography (37.0 vs 42.0; P = 0.009), and blood transfusion (14.0 vs. 28.0; P < 0.001), as well as emergency department length of stay (101.0 vs. 171.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: When controlling for key covariates, pre-hospital trauma team activation did not have a significant effect on 24-h mortality, but did result in a significant reduction in time to emergency procedure, computed tomography, and blood transfusion, as well as emergency department length of stay. Our study demonstrates that pre-hospital trauma team activation can expedite patient intervention and disposition.


RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: Il existe peu de données sur les avantages de l'activation de l'équipe de traumatologie préhospitalière. Notre étude a mesuré l'impact de l'activation de l'équipe de traumatologie pré-hospitalière sur la survie à 24 heures. Nos objectifs secondaires ont évalué les effets de l'activation de l'équipe de traumatologie préhospitalière sur le délai de la procédure d'urgence, de la tomodensitométrie, de la transfusion sanguine et du seuil d'administration critique, ainsi que sur la durée du séjour dans les services d'urgence. MéTHODES: Nous avons procédé à un examen des dossiers médicaux sur 40 mois pour toutes les activations de l'équipe de traumatologie à l'Hôpital d'Ottawa, un centre de traumatologie de niveau 1. Les résultats ont été comparés entre les activations des équipes de traumatologie pré-hospitalières et intra-hospitalières. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de régression logistique et linéaire pour évaluer les résultats, tout en contrôlant le score de gravité des blessures, l'âge, la pression artérielle systolique et l'utilisation d'anticoagulants. Une valeur P < 0.05 a été considérée comme statistiquement significative. Une analyse de sensibilité a également été utilisée pour valider les résultats primaires. RéSULTATS: Sur les 1013 activations d'équipes de traumatologie survenues pendant la période de l'étude, 762 patients ont été inclus. L'âge moyen (41.3 contre 43.8) et le pourcentage d'hommes (79.4% contre 77.5%) pour les activations préhospitalières étaient similaires à ceux de leurs homologues. Les activations préhospitalières n'ont pas eu d'effet statistiquement significatif sur la mortalité à 24 heures (14.4% contre 4.5%; P = 0.30). Cependant, les activations préhospitalières ont démontré une réduction statistiquement significative du temps (minutes) nécessaire à la procédure d'urgence (18.0 contre 27.0; P < 0.001), à la tomodensitométrie (37.0 contre 42.0; P = 0.009) et à la transfusion sanguine (14.0 contre 0.009). 28.0; P < 0.001), ainsi que la durée du séjour aux urgences (101.0 contre 171.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: En tenant compte des principales covariables, l'activation de l'équipe de traumatologie préhospitalière n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur la mortalité à 24 heures, mais a entraîné une réduction significative du temps nécessaire à l'intervention d'urgence, à la tomodensitométrie et à la transfusion sanguine, ainsi que de la durée de séjour dans les services d'urgence.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Ferimentos e Lesões , Masculino , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Traumatologia , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Hospitais , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia
6.
CJEM ; 25(11): 865-872, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37742324

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Older trauma patients have a higher mortality yet are more likely to be under-triaged compared to younger patients. Studies have suggested that current trauma team activation criteria are suboptimal for older patients. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe trauma care delivered, patient outcomes, and to identify variables independently associated with mortality. METHODS: We performed a health records review from 2014 to 2020 of older (age ≥ 65 years) trauma patients presenting to a level one trauma centre with any of the following: injury severity score (ISS) > 12, and all trauma team activations or admission to the trauma ward. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included injury mechanism and trauma care delivered. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with 30-day all-cause mortality. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing data. RESULTS: We enrolled 1,380 patients (mean age 80 years, mean ISS 18); 26.8% had multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) and 65.9% met criteria for polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications). The most common mechanism was fall from standing height (61.1%). Thirty-day all-cause mortality occurred in 239 (17.3%) patients. A Glasgow coma scale (GCS) < 15 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.55; 95% CI 3.73-8.24), ISS > 15 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI 2.35-6.01), age ≥ 85 years (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.29-3.22), anticoagulation with a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) or warfarin (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.08-2.35) and multimorbidity (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.06-2.22) were significantly associated with increased risk 30-day mortality (C-statistic = 0.82, 95% CI 0.79-0.85). Dementia (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.95) and time to CT scan > 60 min (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.34-0.74) were associated with decreased mortality risk. CONCLUSION: We identified five factors associated with increased 30-day mortality in older trauma patients: GCS < 15, ISS > 15, age ≥ 85 years, anticoagulation, and multimorbidity. These factors should be considered when developing modified trauma team activation criteria for older adults.


ABSTRAIT: CONTEXTE: Les patients traumatisés âgés ont une mortalité plus élevée, mais sont plus susceptibles d'être sous-triés que les patients plus jeunes. Des études ont suggéré que les critères actuels d'activation des équipes de traumatologie sont sous-optimaux pour les patients âgés. OBJECTIFS: L'objectif était de décrire les soins traumatologiques dispensés, les résultats pour les patients et d'identifier les variables associées indépendamment à la mortalité. MéTHODES: De 2014 à 2020, nous avons effectué un examen des dossiers médicaux de patients de plus de 65 ans qui ont subi un traumatisme et qui se sont présentés à un centre de traumatologie de niveau 1 avec l'un ou l'autre des éléments suivants: le score de gravité de la blessure (SSI) > 12, et toutes les activations de l'équipe de traumatologie ou l'admission au service de traumatologie. Le critère de jugement principal était la mortalité toutes causes confondues de 30 jours. Les critères de jugement secondaires comprenaient le mécanisme de blessure et les soins prodigués en cas de traumatisme. La régression logistique multivariée a été utilisée pour identifier les facteurs indépendamment associés à la mortalité toutes causes confondues sur 30 jours. L'imputation multiple a été utilisée pour traiter les données manquantes. RéSULTATS: Nous avons recruté 1380 patients (âge moyen 80 ans, SSI moyenne 18); 26.8% avaient une multimorbidité (2 maladies chroniques) et 65.9% répondaient aux critères de polypharmacie (5 médicaments). Le mécanisme le plus courant était la chute de la hauteur debout (61.1%). Une mortalité toutes causes confondues sur 30 jours est survenue chez 239 (17.3%) patients. Une échelle de coma de Glasgow (GCS) < 15 (rapport de cotes [OR] = 5.55; 95% CI 3.73­8.24), ISS > 15 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI 2.35­6.01), âge 85 ans (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.29­3.22), anticoagulation avec un anticoagulant oral direct (DOAC) ou la warfarine (RC = 1.59, IC à 95%, de 1,08 à 2.35) et la multimorbidité (RC = 1.53, IC à 95%, de 1.06 à 2.22) étaient significativement associées à un risque accru de mortalité à 30 jours (C-statistic = 0.82, IC à 95%, de 0.79 à 0.85). Démence (RC = 0.61, IC à 95%, 0.40 à 0.95) le temps de TDM > 60 min (OR = 0.50, IC à 95%, 0.34 à 0.74) était associé à une diminution du risque de mortalité.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes , Centros de Traumatologia , Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Modelos Logísticos , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
CJEM ; 25(9): 752-760, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37537320

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute heart failure is a serious condition commonly seen in the emergency department (ED). The HEARTRISK6 Scale has been recently developed to identify the risk of poor outcomes but has not been tested. We sought to describe the management and outcomes of ED patients with acute heart failure and to evaluate the potential impact of the HEARTRISK6 Scale. METHODS: We conducted a health records review of 300 consecutive acute heart failure patients presenting to two tertiary care EDs. Two evaluators abstracted clinical variables, ED management and treatment details, and patient outcomes using the electronic health records platform (EPIC) and attending physicians verified the data. The primary outcome measure was a short-term serious outcome, as shown in Results. In addition, the HEARTRISK6 score was calculated retrospectively. RESULTS: We included 300 patients with mean age of 78.5 years, 51.0% male, 56.3% arrival by ambulance, and 67.0% admitted to hospital. 25.3% experienced a short-term serious outcome 1) after admission (N = 201): non-invasive ventilation 14.9%, intubation 1.5%, major cardiac procedure 5.0%, myocardial infarction 2.0%, death 8.5%; 2) after ED discharge (N = 99): return to ED 21.2%, death 4.0%. Those initially admitted experienced a much higher proportion of serious outcomes compared to those discharged (29.9% vs. 16.2%). A HEARTRISK6 Scale cut-point score of ≥ 1 would have had a sensitivity of 91.0%, specificity 24.5%, and negative likelihood ratio 0.37 for short-term serious outcomes and suggested hospital admission for 80.7% of cases. CONCLUSION: There was a large range of severity of illness of acute heart failure patients and a wide variety of treatments were administered in the ED. Both admitted and discharged patients experienced a high proportion of poor outcomes. The HEARTRISK6 Scale showed a high sensitivity for short-term serious outcomes but with the potential to increase hospital admissions. Further validation of the HEARTRISK6 Scale is required before routine clinical use.


RéSUMé: ARRIèRE-PLAN: L'insuffisance cardiaque aiguë est une affection grave couramment observée à l'urgence. L'échelle HEARTRISK6 a été mise au point récemment pour identifier le risque de mauvais résultats, mais n'a pas été testée. Nous avons cherché à décrire la prise en charge et les résultats des patients atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque aiguë et à évaluer l'impact potentiel de l'échelle HEARTRISK6. MéTHODES: Nous avons effectué un examen des dossiers de santé de 300 patients atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque aiguë consécutifs qui se présentaient à deux SU de soins tertiaires. Deux évaluateurs ont résumé les variables cliniques, les détails de la gestion et du traitement des SU et les résultats pour les patients à l'aide de la plateforme de dossiers de santé électroniques (EPIC). et les médecins traitants ont vérifié les données. La principale mesure des résultats était le résultat grave à court terme, comme le montrent les résultats. De plus, le score HEARTRISK6 a été calculé rétrospectivement. RéSULTATS: Nous avons inclus 300 patients âgés en moyenne de 78,5 ans, 51,0 % d'hommes, 56,3 % d'arrivées par ambulance et 67,0 % d'hospitalisations. 25,3 % ont connu un résultat grave à court terme 1) après l'admission (N=201) : ventilation non invasive 14,9 %, intubation 1,5 %, procédure cardiaque majeure 5,0 %, infarctus du myocarde 2,0 %, décès 8,5 %; 2) après le congé de l'urgence (N=99) : retour à l'urgence 21,2 %, décès 4,0 %. Les personnes admises au départ ont connu une proportion beaucoup plus élevée de résultats graves que les personnes libérées (29,9 % contre 16,2 %). Une note de seuil de 1 sur l'échelle HEARTRISK6 aurait eu une sensibilité de 91,0 %, une spécificité de 24,5 % et un ratio de probabilité négatif de 0,37 pour les résultats graves à court terme et une admission à l'hôpital suggérée pour 80,7 % des cas. CONCLUSION: Il y avait un large éventail de gravité de la maladie des patients atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque aiguë et une grande variété de traitements ont été administrés à l'urgence. Les patients admis et libérés ont connu une forte proportion de mauvais résultats. L'échelle HEARTRISK6 a montré une sensibilité élevée pour les résultats graves à court terme, mais avec le potentiel d'augmenter les admissions à l'hôpital. Une validation plus poussée de l'échelle HEARTRISK6 est nécessaire avant l'utilisation clinique de routine.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Alta do Paciente , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia
8.
CJEM ; 25(10): 808-817, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37651075

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We developed the Canadian Syncope Pathway (CSP) based on the Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) to aid emergency department (ED) syncope management. This pilot implementation study assessed patient inclusion, length of transition period, as well as process measures (engagement, reach, adoption, and fidelity) to prepare for multicenter implementation. METHODS: A non-randomized stepped wedge trial at two hospitals was conducted over a 7-month period. After 2-3 months in the control condition, the hospitals crossed over in a stepwise fashion to the intervention condition. Study participants were ED and non-ED physicians, or their delegates, and patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with syncope. We aimed to analyze patient characteristics, ED management including disposition decision, and CSRS recommendations application for all eligible patients during the intervention period. Our targets were 95% inclusion rate, 70% adoption (proportion of physicians who applied the pathway), 60% reach (intervention applied to eligible patients) and 70% fidelity (appropriate recommendations application) for all eligible patients. Clinical Trials registration NCT04790058. RESULTS: 1002 eligible patients (mean age 56.6 years; 51.0% males) were included: 349 patients during the control and 653 patients during the intervention period. Physician engagement varied from 39.7% to 97.1% for presentation at meetings. Process measures for the first month and the end of the intervention were: adoption 70.7% (58/82) and 84.4% (103/122), reach 67.5% (108/160) and 55.0% (359/653), fidelity among patients with physician data form completion 86.3% (88/102) and 88.3% (294/333), versus fidelity among all eligible patients 83.8% (134/160) and 83.3% (544/653) respectively with no significant differences in fidelity at one month and the end of the intervention period. CONCLUSION: In this pilot study, we achieved all prespecified benchmarks for proceeding to the multicenter CSP implementation except reach. Our results indicate a 1-month transition period will be adequate though regular reminders will be needed during full-scale implementation.


RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: Nous avons mis au point la Canadian Syncope Pathway (CSP) basée sur le Canadian Syncope Risk Score (CSRS) pour aider les services d'urgence à gérer la syncope. Cette étude pilote de mise en œuvre a évalué l'inclusion des patients, la durée de la période de transition, ainsi que les mesures de processus (engagement, portée, adoption et fidélité) pour se préparer à la mise en œuvre multicentrique MéTHODES: Un essai par étapes non randomisé dans deux hôpitaux a été mené sur une période de 7 mois. Après 2 à 3 mois dans l'état de contrôle, les hôpitaux sont passés progressivement à l'état d'intervention. Les participants à l'étude étaient des médecins du service de l'urgence et non du service de l'urgence, ou leurs délégués, et des patients (âgés de 18 ans) atteints de syncope. Nous avons cherché à analyser les caractéristiques des patients, la prise en charge des urgences, y compris la décision de disposition, et l'application des recommandations du CSRS pour tous les patients admissibles pendant la période d'intervention. Nos cibles étaient le taux d'inclusion de 95 %, l'adoption de 70 % (proportion de médecins qui ont appliqué la voie), la portée de 60 % (intervention appliquée aux patients admissibles) et la fidélité de 70 % (application des recommandations appropriées) pour tous les patients admissibles. Enregistrement des essais cliniques NCT04790058. RéSULTATS: 1002 patients éligibles (âge moyen 56,6 ans; 51,0% d'hommes) ont été inclus : 349 patients pendant le contrôle et 653 patients pendant la période d'intervention. La participation des médecins variait de 39,7 % à 97,1 % pour la présentation aux réunions. Les mesures du processus pour le premier mois et la fin de l'intervention étaient les suivantes : adoption 70,7 % (58/82) et 84,4 % (103/122), atteinte de 67,5 % (108/160) et 55,0 % (359/653), fidélité chez les patients ayant rempli le formulaire de données médicales 86,3 % (88/102) et 88,3 % (294/333), versus fidélité chez tous les patients admissibles 83,8 % (134/160) et 83,3 % (544/653) respectivement, sans différence significative de fidélité à un mois et à la fin de la période d'intervention. CONCLUSION: Dans cette étude pilote, nous avons atteint tous les points de repère prédéterminés pour procéder à la mise en œuvre du PSC multicentrique, sauf la portée. Nos résultats indiquent qu'une période de transition d'un mois sera adéquate, bien que des rappels réguliers seront nécessaires pendant la mise en œuvre à grande échelle.

9.
J Am Heart Assoc ; 12(8): e026681, 2023 04 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37026540

RESUMO

Background For patients with atrial fibrillation seen in the emergency department (ED) following a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke, the impact of initiating oral anticoagulation immediately rather than deferring the decision to outpatient follow-up is unknown. Methods and Results We conducted a planned secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort of 11 507 adults in 13 Canadian EDs between 2006 and 2018. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, with a final diagnosis of TIA or minor stroke with previously documented or newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome was subsequent stroke, recurrent TIA, or all-cause mortality within 90 days of the index TIA diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included stroke, recurrent TIA, or death and rates of major bleeding. Of 11 507 subjects with TIA/minor stroke, atrial fibrillation was identified in 11.2% (1286, mean age, 77.3 [SD 11.1] years, 52.4% male). Over half (699; 54.4%) were already taking anticoagulation, 89 (6.9%) were newly prescribed anticoagulation in the ED. By 90 days, 4.0% of the atrial fibrillation cohort had experienced a subsequent stroke, 6.5% subsequent TIA, and 2.6% died. Results of a multivariable logistic regression indicate no association between prescribed anticoagulation in the ED and these 90-day outcomes (composite odds ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.74-2.52]). Major bleeding was found in 5 patients, none of whom were in the ED-initiated anticoagulation group. Conclusions Initiating oral anticoagulation in the ED following new TIA was not associated with lower recurrence rates of neurovascular events or all-cause mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Feminino , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/prevenção & controle , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Prospectivos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco
10.
CJEM ; 25(4): 303-313, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36773165

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: While narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED), little is known about its incidence in the ED or about emergency physician expertise in its diagnosis and management. We sought to compare cases of NCT due to primary arrhythmias to those with a rapid heart rate secondary to a medical issue, as well as to determine the accuracy of ED physician diagnosis and appropriateness of treatment. METHODS: We conducted a health records review at a large academic hospital ED staffed by 95 physicians and included consecutive adult patients over 7 months (2020-2021) with NCT (heart rate ≥ 130 bpm and QRS < 120 ms). Cases were reviewed for accuracy of ECG diagnosis and for correctness of treatment as per guidelines by an adjudication committee. RESULTS: We identified 310 ED visits (0.8% of all ED visits), mean age 65.1 years, 52.6% female. Primary arrhythmias accounted for 54.8%. ED physicians correctly interpreted 86.6% of ECGs. The most common arrhythmias and accuracy of ED physician ECG interpretation were atrial fibrillation 44.5% (95.1%), sinus tachycardia 24.2% (90.5%), atrial flutter 15.8% (61.5%), and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) 12.9% (81.6%). Treatments were judged optimal in 96.5% of primary NCT and 99.3% in secondary NCT. Treatments were suboptimal for failure to reduce heart rate < 100 bpm prior to discharge in 2.1% of primary cases and failure to treat underlying cause in 0.7% of secondary cases. CONCLUSION: NCT was found in 0.8% of all ED visits, with more being primary NCT. ED physicians correctly interpreted 86.6% of ECGs but had difficulty differentiating atrial flutter and SVT. They implemented appropriate care in most cases but sometimes failed to adequately control heart rate or to treat the underlying condition, suggesting opportunities to improve care of NCT in the ED.


RéSUMé: INTRODUCTION: Bien que la tachycardie à complexe QRS étroite (narrow complex tachycardia [NCT]) soit une présentation courante au service des urgences (SU), on sait peu de choses sur son incidence dans le SU ou sur l'expertise des médecins urgentistes dans son diagnostic et sa prise en charge. Nous avons cherché à comparer les cas de NCT dus à des arythmies primaires à ceux avec une fréquence cardiaque rapide secondaire à un problème médical, ainsi que pour déterminer l'exactitude du diagnostic de médecin ED et la pertinence du traitement. MéTHODES: Nous avons effectué un examen des dossiers médicaux dans les urgences d'un grand hôpital universitaire où travaillent 95 médecins et avons inclus des patients adultes consécutifs sur 7 mois (2020-2021) présentant une NCT (fréquence cardiaque ≥ 130 bpm et QRS < 120 ms). Les cas ont été examinés par un comité d'adjudication pour vérifier l'exactitude du diagnostic ECG et la justesse du traitement conformément aux directives. RéSULTATS: Nous avons recensé 310 visites aux urgences (0,8 % de toutes les visites aux urgences), l'âge moyen étant de 65,1 ans, 52,6 % de femmes. Les arythmies primaires représentaient 54,8 %. Les médecins urgentistes ont correctement interprété 86,6 % des ECG. Les arythmies les plus fréquentes et la précision de l'interprétation de l'ECG par le médecin de l'urgence étaient la fibrillation auriculaire 44,5 % (95,1 %), la tachycardie sinusale 24,2 % (90,5 %), le flutter auriculaire 15,8 % (61,5 %) et la tachycardie supraventriculaire (TSV) 12,9 % (81,6 %). Les traitements ont été jugés optimaux dans 96,5 % des NCT primaires et 99,3 % des NCT secondaires. Les traitements étaient sous-optimaux en raison de l'incapacité à réduire la fréquence cardiaque < 100 bpm avant la sortie de l'hôpital dans 2,1 % des cas primaires et de l'incapacité à traiter la cause sous-jacente dans 0,7 % des cas secondaires. CONCLUSION: Une NCT a été constatée dans 0,8 % de toutes les visites aux urgences, la plupart étant des NCT primaires. Les médecins des services d'urgence ont interprété correctement 86,6 % des ECG mais ont eu des difficultés à différencier le flutter auriculaire et la TSV. Ils ont mis en œuvre des soins appropriés dans la plupart des cas, mais n'ont parfois pas réussi à contrôler adéquatement la fréquence cardiaque ou à traiter l'affection sous-jacente, ce qui laisse entrevoir des possibilités d'améliorer la prise en charge des NCT aux urgences.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Flutter Atrial , Taquicardia Supraventricular , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Masculino , Flutter Atrial/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taquicardia/diagnóstico , Taquicardia/terapia , Taquicardia/complicações , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Taquicardia Supraventricular/complicações , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Eletrocardiografia
11.
Stroke ; 54(4): 1030-1036, 2023 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36779338

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) findings of acute and chronic ischemia are associated with subsequent stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack. We sought to validate these associations in a large prospective cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke. METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled emergency department patients from 13 hospitals with transient ischemic attack who had CT imaging. Primary outcome was stroke within 90 days. Secondary outcomes were stroke within 2 or 7 days. CT findings were abstracted from radiology reports and classified for the presence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations with primary and secondary end points. RESULTS: From 8670 prospectively enrolled patients between May 2010 and May 2017, 8382 had a CT within 24 hours. From this total population, 4547 (54%) patients had evidence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy on CT, of whom 175 had a subsequent stroke within 90 days (3.8% subsequent stroke rate; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33 [95% CI, 1.62-3.36]). This was in comparison to those with CT imaging without ischemia. Findings associated with an increased risk of stroke at 90 days were isolated acute ischemia (6.0%; aOR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.03-5.66]), acute ischemia with microangiopathy (10.7%; aOR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.57-7.14]), chronic ischemia with microangiopathy (5.2%; aOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.34-2.50]), and acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy (10.9%; aOR, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.54-7.91]). Acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy were most strongly associated with subsequent stroke within 2 days (aOR, 4.36 [95% CI, 1.31-14.54]) and 7 days (aOR, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.73-11.69]). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, CT evidence of acute ischemia with chronic ischemia or microangiopathy significantly increases the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days of index visit. The combination of all 3 findings results in the greatest early risk.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico por imagem , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/epidemiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos , Isquemia/complicações
12.
CJEM ; 25(1): 22-30, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36592299

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Up to 3% of all Emergency Department (ED) visits are due to skin and soft tissue infections such as non-purulent cellulitis. The current treatment failure rate is approximately 20%. Evidence is lacking regarding the optimal outpatient management of cellulitis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of a randomized trial comparing high-dose (1000 mg) to standard-dose (500 mg) cephalexin to treat ED patients with cellulitis. METHODS: A parallel arm double-blind randomized controlled pilot trial conducted at two EDs in Canada. Eligible participants were adults (age ≥ 18 years) presenting to the ED with non-purulent cellulitis and determined by the treating emergency physician to be eligible for outpatient management with oral antibiotics. Participants were randomized to high-dose or standard-dose cephalexin four times daily for 7 days. The primary feasibility outcome was participant recruitment rate (target ≥ 35%). The preliminary primary effectiveness outcome was oral antibiotic treatment failure. RESULTS: Of 134 eligible participants approached for trial participation, 69 (51.5%, 95% CI 43.1 to 59.8%) were recruited and randomized. After excluding three randomized participants due to an alternate diagnosis, 33 participants were included in each arm. Nineteen eligible cases (14.2%) were missed. Loss to follow-up was 6.1%. Treatment failure occurred in four patients (12.9%) in the standard-dose arm versus one patient (3.2%) in the high-dose arm. A greater proportion had minor adverse events in the high-dose arm. No patients had an unplanned hospitalization within 14 days. CONCLUSION: This pilot randomized controlled trial comparing high-dose to standard-dose cephalexin for ED patients with cellulitis demonstrated a high participant recruitment rate and that a full-scale trial is feasible. High-dose cephalexin had fewer treatment failures but with a higher proportion of minor adverse effects. The findings of this pilot will be used to inform the design of a future large trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04471246).


RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: Jusqu'à 3% de toutes les visites aux urgences sont dues à des infections de la peau et des tissus mous, comme la cellulite non purulente. Le taux actuel d'échec du traitement est d'environ 20%. Il manque des données probantes sur la gestion optimale de la cellulite en consultation externe. OBJECTIFS: Évaluer la faisabilité d'un essai randomisé comparant la céfalexine à dose élevée (1000 mg) à la céfalexine à dose normale (500 mg) pour traiter les patients des urgences atteints de cellulite. MéTHODES: Un essai pilote contrôlé randomisé en double aveugle à bras parallèles mené dans deux services d'urgence au Canada. Les participants éligibles étaient des adultes (âge ≥ 18 ans) se présentant aux urgences avec une cellulite non purulente et déterminés par l'urgentiste traitant comme pouvant bénéficier d'une prise en charge ambulatoire par antibiotiques oraux. Les participants ont été randomisés entre la céfalexine à dose élevée et la céfalexine à dose normale, quatre fois par jour pendant 7 jours. Le résultat primaire de faisabilité était le taux de recrutement des participants (objectif ≥ 35%). Le résultat primaire préliminaire d'efficacité était l'échec du traitement antibiotique oral. RéSULTATS: Sur les 134 participants éligibles sollicités pour participer à l'essai, 69 (51,5%, IC à 95% 43,1% à 59,8%) ont été recrutés et randomisés. Après avoir exclu trois participants randomisés en raison d'un autre diagnostic, 33 participants au total ont été inclus dans chaque bras. Au total, 19 cas éligibles (14,2%) ont été manqués. Le taux de perte au suivi était de 6,1%. L'échec du traitement est survenu chez quatre patients (12,9%) dans le groupe à dose standard contre un patient (3,2%) dans le groupe à dose élevée. Une plus grande proportion de patients ont eu des effets indésirables mineurs dans le groupe à forte dose. Aucun patient n'a été hospitalisé de façon imprévue dans les 14 jours. CONCLUSION: Cet essai pilote randomisé et contrôlé comparant la céphalexine à dose élevée à la céfalexine à dose normale pour les patients des urgences atteints de cellulite a démontré un taux élevé de recrutement de participants et la faisabilité d'un essai à grande échelle. La céfalexine à forte dose a entraîné moins d'échecs thérapeutiques, mais avec une proportion plus élevée d'effets indésirables mineurs. Les résultats de ce projet pilote serviront de base à la conception d'un futur essai à grande échelle. INSCRIPTION à L'ESSAI: Cet essai a été enregistré sur ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04471246).


Assuntos
Cefalexina , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Cefalexina/efeitos adversos , Celulite (Flegmão)/diagnóstico , Celulite (Flegmão)/tratamento farmacológico , Projetos Piloto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico
13.
Ann Emerg Med ; 81(2): 187-196, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36328852

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Canadian C-spine rule was modified and validated for use by the paramedics in a multicenter study where patients were assessed with the Canadian C-spine rule yet all transported with immobilization. This study evaluated the clinical impact of the modified Canadian C-spine rule when implemented by paramedics. METHODS: This single-center prospective cohort implementation study took place in Ottawa, Canada (from 2011 to 2015). Advanced and primary care paramedics were trained to use the modified Canadian C-spine rule, collect data on a standardized study form, and selectively transport eligible patients without immobilization. We evaluated all consecutive low-risk adult patients (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 15, stable vital signs) at risk for a neck injury. We followed all patients without initial radiologic evaluation for 30 days. Analyses included descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI), sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients. RESULTS: The 4,034 enrolled patients had a mean age of 43 (range 16 to 99), and 53.4% were female. Motor vehicle collisions were the most common mechanism of injury (55.1%), followed by falls (23.9%). There were 11 clinically important injuries. The paramedics classified these injuries with a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI, 58.7 to 99.8) and specificity of 66.5% (95% CI, 65.1 to 68.0). There was no adverse event or resulting spinal cord injury. The kappa agreement between paramedics and investigators was 0.94. A total of 2,583 (64.0%) immobilizations were avoided using the modified Canadian C-spine rule. CONCLUSION: Paramedics could accurately apply the modified Canadian C-spine rule to low-risk trauma patients and significantly reduce the need for spinal immobilization during transport. This resulted in no adverse event or any spinal cord injury.


Assuntos
Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Paramédico , Vértebras Cervicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Cervicais/lesões , Traumatismos da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Canadá
14.
CJEM ; 24(8): 844-852, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36260218

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Stroke presenting as dizziness is a diagnostic challenge in frontline settings, given the multitude of benign conditions that present similarly. The risk of stroke after episodic dizziness is unknown, leading to divergent guidance on optimal workup and management. Prior TIA risk scores have shown a history of dizziness is a negative predictor of subsequent stroke. Our objective was to assess the subsequent stroke risk within 90 days following emergency department assessment (ED) for isolated dizziness diagnosed as TIA during the index visit. METHODS: We conducted prospective, multicenter cohort studies at 13 Canadian EDs over 11 years. We enrolled patients diagnosed with TIA and compared patients with isolated dizziness to those with other neurological deficits. Our primary outcome was subsequent stroke within 90 days. Secondary outcomes were subsequent stroke within 2, 7, and 30 days, respectively, as well as subsequent TIA within 90 days. RESULTS: Only 4/483 (0.8%) patients with isolated dizziness had a stroke within 90 days compared to 320/11024 (2.9%) of those with any focal neurological sign or symptom (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.76). Over the first 90 days, the two groups differ significantly in their probability of stroke (p = 0.007). Subsequent TIA was also significantly less common in the isolated dizziness group (1.7% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001) with a relative risk of 0.30 (95% CI 0.15-0.60). CONCLUSION: The risk of subsequent stroke following ED presentation for TIA is low when the presenting symptoms are isolated dizziness.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (AVC) se présentant sous forme de vertiges constituent un défi diagnostique en première ligne, étant donné la multitude d'affections bénignes qui se présentent de la même manière. Le risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) après des vertiges épisodiques est inconnu, ce qui donne lieu à des conseils divergents sur le bilan et la prise en charge optimaux. Des scores de risque d'AIT antérieurs ont montré que des antécédents de vertiges sont un facteur prédictif négatif d'accident vasculaire cérébral ultérieur. Notre objectif était d'évaluer le risque ultérieur d'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) dans les 90 jours suivant l'évaluation aux urgences d'un étourdissement isolé diagnostiqué comme un AIT lors de la visite de référence. MéTHODES: Nous avons mené des études de cohorte prospectives multicentriques dans 13 services d'urgence canadiens pendant 11 ans. Nous avons recruté des patients ayant reçu un diagnostic d'AIT et avons comparé les patients présentant des vertiges isolés à ceux présentant d'autres déficits neurologiques. Nous avons inscrit des patients ayant reçu un diagnostic d'AIT et comparé des patients ayant des étourdissements isolés à ceux présentant d'autres déficits neurologiques. Notre résultat primaire était l'AVC subséquent dans les 90 jours. Les résultats secondaires étaient l'AVC subséquent dans les 2, 7 et 30 jours, respectivement, ainsi que l'AIT subséquent dans les 90 jours. RéSULTATS: Seuls 4/483 (0,8 %) des patients présentant des vertiges isolés ont eu un AVC dans les 90 jours, contre 320/11 024 (2,9 %) de ceux présentant un signe ou symptôme neurologique focal (RR 0,29, IC 95 % 0,11-0,76). Au cours des 90 premiers jours, les deux groupes diffèrent significativement en termes de probabilité d'AVC (p = 0,007). L'AIT ultérieur était également significativement moins fréquent dans le groupe des vertiges isolés (1,7 % contre 5,6 %, p = 0,001) avec un risque relatif de 0,30 (IC 95 % 0,15-0,60). CONCLUSIONS: Le risque d'AVC ultérieur après une présentation aux urgences pour un AIT est faible lorsque les symptômes présentés sont des étourdissements isolés.


Assuntos
Ataque Isquêmico Transitório , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/complicações , Tontura/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Canadá , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Vertigem/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência
15.
CJEM ; 24(7): 760-769, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36136242

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between specialist consultation and risk of 30-day ED revisit in emergency department (ED) patients with recent-onset uncomplicated atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL). METHODS: As a secondary analysis of a previously published trial, clinical experts identified predictors of consultation including age and sex, ED sinus conversion, thromboembolic risk, heart rate, rate control medication use, coronary artery disease and anti-platelet use, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These were included in a propensity-matched hierarchical Bayesian model accounting for hospital site as a random effect, with 30-day ED revisit as the primary outcome. We also measured ED length of stay for consulted and non-consulted patients. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 11 sites for 829 ED patients with AF/AFL, of whom 364 (44%) had specialist consultation. A total of 128 patients (15.4%) had an ED revisit, 78 (16.8%) from the no consult group and 50 (13.7%) from the consult group. Consultation rates ranged from 8.8 to 71% between sites. Median length of stay was 591 min (interquartile range [IQR] 359-1024) for consulted patients and 300 min (IQR 212-409) for patients without consultation. After propensity-matching, consulted patients had a 0.6% (IQR - 4 to 3%) lower risk of 30-day revisits than non-consulted patients (probability of lower risk 55%). CONCLUSIONS: In ED patients with uncomplicated AF/AFL, there was substantial between-site variation in specialist consultations; such consultation was unlikely to influence revisits within 30 days while ED length of stay was nearly double. ED specialist consultations may not be necessary for uncomplicated patients.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: Examiner l'association entre la consultation d'un spécialiste et le risque d'une nouvelle visite aux urgences à 30 jours chez les patients des urgences souffrant de fibrillation auriculaire ou de flutter non compliqué d'apparition récente (FA/AFL). MéTHODES: Dans le cadre d'une analyse secondaire d'un essai précédemment publié, des experts cliniques ont identifié les facteurs prédictifs de la consultation, notamment l'âge et le sexe, la conversion sinusale des urgences, le risque thromboembolique, la fréquence cardiaque, l'utilisation de médicaments pour contrôler la fréquence cardiaque, la maladie coronarienne et l'utilisation d'antiplaquettaires, et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique. Ceux-ci ont été inclus dans un modèle bayésien hiérarchique apparié en fonction de la propension, qui tient compte du site de l'hôpital comme effet aléatoire, le critère principal étant le retour aux urgences à 30 jours. Nous avons également mesuré la durée de séjour aux urgences des patients consultés et non consultés. RéSULTATS: Nous avons analysé les données de 11 sites pour 829 patients du service d'urgence atteints de FA/AFL, dont 364 (44 %) avaient consulté un spécialiste. Un total de 128 patients (15,4 %) ont eu une nouvelle visite à l'urgence, 78 (16,8 %) du groupe sans consultation et 50 (13,7 %) du groupe de consultation. Les taux de consultation variaient de 8,8 % à 71 % selon les sites. La durée médiane du séjour était de 591 minutes (intervalle interquartile [IQR] 359-1024) pour les patients consultés et de 300 min (IQR 212-409) pour les patients sans consultation. Après appariement par propension, les patients consultés avaient un risque inférieur de 0,6 % (IQR -4 % à 3 %) de revisites à 30 jours par rapport aux patients non consultés (probabilité de risque inférieur de 55 %). CONCLUSIONS: Chez les patients des urgences atteints de FA/AFL non compliquée, il y avait une variation substantielle entre les sites dans les consultations de spécialistes ; il était peu probable qu'une telle consultation influence les visites dans les 30 jours alors que la durée du séjour aux urgences était presque le double. Les consultations de spécialistes des urgences peuvent ne pas être nécessaires pour les patients sans complication.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Flutter Atrial , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Flutter Atrial/diagnóstico , Flutter Atrial/epidemiologia , Flutter Atrial/terapia , Teorema de Bayes , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto
16.
CJEM ; 24(6): 630-635, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36006584

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: In June 2019, The Ottawa Hospital launched the Epic electronic health record system, which transitioned all departments from a primarily paper-based system to an electronic system using a 1-day "big bang" approach. We sought to evaluate emergency physicians' satisfaction with system implementation and perception of its impact on clinical practice in an academic emergency department (ED) setting. METHODS: Four electronic surveys were distributed to staff during pre-implementation (1-month prior [May 2019]) and post-implementation (1-month [July 2019], 9-month [March 2020], and 20-month [February 2021]) time periods. 5-point Likert scales were used to rate agreement with statements. Responses were compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend test to assess for significant differences. RESULTS: Response rates were consistent, ranging between 41 and 51%, with the exception of +9 months which was 27%. The majority of respondents were staff, working 8-15 shifts/month, with ≤ 10 years in practice. General satisfaction and confidence improved substantially from pre-implementation to 20 months post-implementation. Personalization sessions were perceived as not effective and lacking in quality, particularly immediately after Epic launch. Although clinical workflow tasks got easier, there were sustained challenges in efficiency and patient flow, including number of patients seen/hour, time spent after shift-end, and time spent on post-shift documentation. CONCLUSIONS: Although satisfaction and system confidence improved over time, there were sustained difficulties in overall efficiency long after implementation, with opportunities for future optimization. Training was lacking in terms of relevance to emergency physician workflow. These factors should be considered in future electronic health record implementations in ED settings.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIFS: En juin 2019, l'Hôpital d'Ottawa a lancé le système de dossiers de santé électroniques Epic, ce qui a permis de faire passer tous les services d'un système principalement basé sur le papier à un système électronique en utilisant une approche " big bang " d'une journée. Nous avons cherché à évaluer la satisfaction des médecins urgentistes quant à la mise en œuvre du système et la perception de son impact sur la pratique clinique dans un service d'urgence universitaire. MéTHODES: Quatre sondages électroniques ont été distribués au personnel pendant les périodes précédant la mise en œuvre (1 mois avant [mai 2019]) et suivant la mise en œuvre (1 mois [juillet 2019], 9 mois [mars 2020] et 20 mois [février 2021]). Des échelles de Likert à 5 points ont été utilisées pour évaluer l'accord avec les énoncés. Les réponses ont été comparées à l'aide du test de tendance de Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel pour évaluer les différences significatives. RéSULTATS: Les taux de réponse étaient constants, allant de 41 % à 51 %, à l'exception de celui de +9 mois qui était de 27 %. La majorité des répondants étaient des employés, travaillant de 8 à 15 quarts par mois, avec moins de 10 ans de pratique. La satisfaction générale et la confiance se sont considérablement améliorées entre la période précédant la mise en œuvre et la période de 20 mois suivant la mise en œuvre. Les sessions de personnalisation ont été perçues comme inefficaces et manquant de qualité, en particulier immédiatement après le lancement d'Epic. Bien que les tâches du flux de travail clinique aient été facilitées, l'efficacité et le flux de patients ont continué à poser problème, notamment le nombre de patients vus par heure, le temps passé après la fin du quart de travail et le temps consacré à la documentation après le quart de travail. CONCLUSIONS: Bien que la satisfaction et la confiance dans le système se soient améliorées au fil du temps, il y a eu des difficultés persistantes dans l'efficacité globale longtemps après la mise en œuvre, avec des possibilités d'optimisation future. La formation manquait de pertinence par rapport au flux de travail des médecins urgentistes. Ces facteurs devraient être pris en compte dans les futures mises en œuvre de dossiers médicaux électroniques dans les services d'urgence.


Assuntos
Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Médicos , Documentação , Eletrônica , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Humanos
17.
CJEM ; 24(6): 606-610, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35666370

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Learners, either medical students or residents, often perform the initial assessment of patients visiting the emergency department (ED). It is unclear, however, if learners affect the rate of short-term unscheduled return visits. The objective of this study was to determine if the involvement of learners in ED visits increases the rate of return visits. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of ED visit data at a single tertiary care centre over a 1-year period. Return visits were defined as those presenting within 72 h of discharge from an initial non-admit ED visit and resulting in an admission on the second visit. A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the odds ratios of return visits, adjusting for prespecified co-variates, with and without learners involved during the initial visit. Secondary analyses assessed for associations between learner level of training, program of study and return visits. RESULTS: Return visits occurred after 658 (1.3%) of 51,149 encounters involving learners and 701 (0.8%) of 83,310 encounters with no learner involvement. Involvement of learners in ED initial visits was not associated with increased odds of return visits (adjusted OR 1.13 [95% CI 0.71-1.81]), although the point estimates were heterogeneous over learner level of training, with clerkship students (medical student years 3 and 4) and senior residents (post-graduate years 4 and 5) trending towards reduced odds of a return visit. Resident program of study did not independently predict return visits. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that the involvement of learners in ED patient assessments is not associated with increased odds of short-term unscheduled return visits.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les apprenants, qu'ils soient étudiants en médecine ou résidents, procèdent souvent à l'évaluation initiale des patients qui se rendent au service des urgences (SU). Il n'est pas clair, cependant, si les apprenants ont une incidence sur le taux de visites de retour imprévues à court terme. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si la participation des apprenants dans les visites aux urgences augmentait le taux de retour des visites. MéTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une analyse transversale rétrospective des données sur les visites à l'urgence dans un seul centre de soins tertiaires sur une période d'un an. Les visites de retour ont été définies comme celles qui se sont présentées dans les 72 heures suivant la sortie d'une première visite à l'urgence sans admission et qui ont donné lieu à une admission lors de la deuxième visite. Un modèle linéaire mixte généralisé a été utilisé pour déterminer les rapports de cotes des visites de retour, en tenant compte des co-variables préétablies, avec et sans participation des apprenants pendant la visite initiale. Des analyses secondaires ont évalué les associations entre le niveau de formation de l'apprenant, le programme d'études et les visites de retour. RéSULTATS: Les visites de retour ont eu lieu après 658 (1,3%) des 51 149 rencontres impliquant des apprenants et 701 (0,8%) des 83 310 rencontres sans participation de l'apprenant. L'implication des apprenants dans les visites initiales à l'urgence n'était pas associée à une probabilité accrue de visites ultérieures (OR ajusté = 1,13 [IC à 95% 0,71­1,81]), bien que les estimations ponctuelles aient été hétérogènes selon le niveau de formation de l'apprenant, les étudiants en externat (années d'études en médecine 3 et 4) et les résidents seniors (années 4 et 5 des études supérieures) ont tendance à réduire les risques de visite de retour. Le programme d'études des résidents n'a pas prédit de manière indépendante les visites de retour. CONCLUSIONS: Cette étude a démontré que la participation des apprenants aux évaluations des patients à l'urgence n'est pas associée à une probabilité accrue de visites de retour imprévues à court terme.


Assuntos
Medicina de Emergência , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Internato e Residência , Admissão do Paciente , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudos Transversais , Educação Médica , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Humanos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fatores de Tempo
18.
AEM Educ Train ; 6(2): e10733, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35392491

RESUMO

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has become an important diagnostic tool in acute care medicine; however, little is known about the biomechanical differences between novice and expert practitioners. Methods: A low-cost ($50 CAD) gyroscope and accelerometer integrated sensor was assembled and affixed to an ultrasound probe. Seventeen participants, nine novices and eight experts, were recruited to perform three abdominal and four cardiac scans on a standardized patient. Participant demographics, time per scan, average acceleration, average angular velocity, decay in acceleration and angular velocity over time, and frequency of probe movements were analyzed. Video capture with blinded video review was scored. Results: On video review, experts had higher image optimization and acquisition scores for both abdominal and cardiac scans. Experts had shorter scan times for abdominal (7 s vs. 26 s, p = 0.003) and cardiac (11 s vs. 26 s, p < 0.001) scans. There was no difference in average acceleration (g) between novices and experts performing abdominal (1.02 vs. 1.01, p = 0.50) and cardiac (1.01 vs. 1.01, p = 0.45) scans. Experts had lower angular velocity (°/s) for abdominal scans (10.00 vs. 18.73, p < 0.001) and cardiac scans (15.61 vs. 20.33, p = 0.02) There was a greater decay in acceleration over time for experts performing cardiac scans compared to novices (-0.194 vs. -0.050, p = 0.03) but not for abdominal scans or when measuring angular velocity. The frequency of movements (Hz) was higher for novices compared to experts for abdominal (16.68 vs. 13.79, p < 0.001) and cardiac (17.60 vs. 13.63, p = 0.002) scans. Discussion: This study supports the feasibility of a low-cost gyroscope and accelerometer integrated sensor to quantify the biomechanics of POCUS. It may also support the concept of "window shopping" as a method by which experts obtain abdominal and cardiac views, where sliding is used to find an acoustic window, then smaller rocking and tilting probe movements are used to refine the image.

19.
CJEM ; 24(5): 493-497, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35486367

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Empathy and quality of educational environment appear to be inversely correlated with burnout but the relationship between the two is largely unknown. Our primary objective was to examine the relationship between postgraduate educational environment and empathy. Secondary objectives included impact of gender, residency year and on- versus off-service context on levels of empathy and educational environment. METHODS: A modified Dillman approach was used to conduct an email survey of Canadian Royal College Emergency Medicine residents in June 2020. The survey instrument included: demographic data, Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and Scan of Postgraduate Educational Environment Domains (SPEED). Logistic and linear regressions evaluated the association between TEQ and SPEED, and mean SPEED scores and covariates, respectively. RESULTS: Response rate was 38% (138/363) with representation from all programs. Respondents were mean 30 years of age, 59% men and 25%, 20%, 18%, 24%, and 13% in postgraduate year (PGY) 1-5, respectively. There was no statistically significant association between high/low TEQ scores and mean SPEED score (p = 0.97). There were no statistically significant associations between any of the covariates and high/low TEQ scores (gender, p = 0.21; PGY, p = 0.58; on-versus off-service, p = 0.46) or mean SPEED score (gender, p = 0.95; PGY, p = 0.48; on- versus off-service, p = 0.07). Emergency medicine residents rated their educational environment on average 3.44 (+/- 0.43) out of four. 39 of 134 residents were found to have low empathy. CONCLUSION: There was no association between empathy and educational environment. Further research is needed to elucidate modifiable factors contributing to the development of low empathy in emergency medicine residents.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L'empathie et la qualite de l'environnement educatif semblent etre inversement correlees a l'epuisement professionnel, mais la relation entre les deux est largement inconnue. Notre objectif principal etait d'examiner la relation entre l'environnement educatif de troisieme cycle et l'empathie. Les objectifs secondaires comprenaient l'impact du sexe, de l'annee de residence et du contexte en service ou hors service sur les niveaux d'empathie et l'environnement educatif. MéTHODES: Une approche Dillman modiiee a ete utilisee pour mener une enquete par courriel aupres des residents du College royal canadien de medecine d'urgence en juin 2020. L'instrument d'enquete comprenait : des donnees demographiques, le Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) et le Scan of Postgraduate Educational Environment Domains (SPEED). Des regressions logistiques et lineaires ont evalue l'association entre TEQ et SPEED, et les scores SPEED moyens et les covariables, respectivement. RéSULTATS: Le taux de reponse etait de 38 % (138/363) avec une representation de tous les programmes. Les repondants etaient ages en moyenne de 30 ans, 59 % d'hommes et 25%, 20%, 18%, 24% et 13% de la 1re a la 5e annee de troisieme cycle, respectivement. Il n'y avait pas d'association statistiquement signiicative entre les scores TEQ eleves/bas et le score SPEED moyen (p = 0.97). Il n'y avait pas d'association statistiquement signiicative entre l'une des covariables et les scores TEQ eleves/faibles (sexe, p = 0,21 ; annee de troisieme cycle, p = 0.58 ; en service contre hors service, p = 0.46) ou le score SPEED moyen (sexe, p = 0.95 ; annee de troisieme cycle, p = 0.48 ; en service contre hors service, p = 0.07). Les residents en medecine d'urgence ont evalue leur environnement educatif a une moyenne de 3.44 ± 0.43. 4.39 des 134 residents se sont averes avoir une faible empathie. CONCLUSION: Il n'y avait pas d'association entre l'empathie et l'environnement educatif. Des recherches supplementaires sont necessaires pour elucider les facteurs modiiables contribuant au developpement d'une faible empathie chez les residents en medecine d'urgence.


Assuntos
Medicina de Emergência , Internato e Residência , Canadá , Medicina de Emergência/educação , Empatia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
20.
Ann Emerg Med ; 79(6): 509-517, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35487840

RESUMO

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Emergency department (ED) evaluations for syncope are common, representing 1.3 million annual US visits and $2 billion in related hospitalizations. Despite evidence supporting risk stratification and outpatient management, variation in syncope hospitalization rates persist. We sought to develop a new quality measure for very low-risk adult ED patients with syncope that could be applied to administrative data. METHODS: We developed this quality measure in 2 phases. First, we used an existing prospective, observational ED patient data set to identify a very low-risk cohort with unexplained syncope using 2 variables: age less than 50 years and no history of heart disease. We then applied this to the 2019 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) to assess its potential effect, assessing for hospital-level factors associated with hospitalization variation. RESULTS: Of the 8,647 adult patients in the prospective cohort, 3,292 (38%) patients fulfilled these 2 criteria: age less than 50 years and no history of heart disease. Of these, 15 (0.46%) suffered serious adverse events within 30 days. In the NEDS, there were an estimated 566,031 patients meeting these 2 criteria, of whom 15,507 (2.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.48% to 3.00%) were hospitalized. We found substantial variation in the hospitalization rates for this very low-risk cohort, with a median rate of 1.7% (range 0% to 100%; interquartile range 0% to 3.9%). Factors associated with increased hospitalization rates included a yearly ED volume of more than 80,000 (odds ratio [OR] 3.14; 95% CI 2.02 to 4.89) and metropolitan teaching status (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.81). CONCLUSION: In summary, our novel syncope quality measure can assess variation in low-value hospitalizations for unexplained syncope. The application of this measure could improve the value of syncope care.


Assuntos
Cardiopatias , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Adulto , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Cardiopatias/complicações , Hospitalização , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Síncope/complicações , Síncope/epidemiologia , Síncope/terapia
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