Gaze-Evoked Vision Changes.

We describe an atypical presentation of aberrant regeneration of the 3rd cranial nerve causing vision changes with ocular motility. Abnormal communication between axons destined for the medial rectus and those destined for muscles involved in the accommodative response resulted in simultaneous pupil constriction and myopic shift of approximately 2.5 diopters with adduction. While there have been several reports of this pupillary response (Czarnecki sign), no cases have documented the change in refraction from ciliary muscle involvement.

Combined phaco-vitrectomy provides lower costs and greater area under the curve vision gains than sequential vitrectomy and phacoemulsification.

PURPOSE: A majority of phakic patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane or macular hole require subsequent cataract surgery within 1-2 years. Combined phaco-vitrectomy eliminates the need for a second surgery and may enable patients to attain their best vision sooner. This study aims to compare the visual outcomes, complication rates, and costs of combined phaco-vitrectomy versus sequential vitrectomy followed by cataract surgery. METHODS: Records were searched by CPT® codes to identify patients with both cataract and vitrectomy surgery at our institution over a 5-year period (2013-2018). Chart review included medical history, demographics, exam findings, operating room records, visual acuity (VA), and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS v19 (IBM). Area under the curve for visual acuity was calculated as the trapezoidal mean of the change in Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters. RESULTS: After exclusion, 81 eyes of 78 patients underwent both cataract and vitrectomy surgeries at our institution. Thirty-four eyes underwent separate, sequential vitrectomy then phacoemulsification surgery, and 47 eyes had combined phaco-vitrectomy surgery. Total operating room times (120.81 ± 3.41 vs 161.03 ± 5.45 min; p < 0.0001) and associated costs were significantly lower in the combined surgery compared with those in the sequential surgery group. Baseline and final visual acuity were similar between the two groups. Baseline VA was 35.53 letters (~ 20/200) and 32.81 letters (~ 20/220) and increased to final VA of 63.74 (~ 20/53) and 60.91 letters (~ 20/61), in the sequential and combined groups respectively. Area under the curve for vision was greater in the combined surgery group, with subjects gaining an average of + 9.11 ± 3.32 letters from sequential surgery, and + 19.53 ± 3.53 letters in the combined surgery group (p = 0.04). Additionally, patients in the combined group attained their best visual acuity 449 days (15 months) sooner than those receiving sequential surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phaco-vitrectomy surgery resulted in greater area under the curve visual acuity benefit and attainment of best visual acuity 15 months sooner compared with conventional sequential surgeries. There were no significant differences in complication rates or clinical outcomes between the groups, but operative times and costs were lower for combined surgery, supporting a favorable cost-benefit ratio. Graphical abstract.

Bilateral Macular Choroidal Infarction as a Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis.

The authors present an unusual case of bilateral macular choroidal infarction as a manifestation of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Due to sequential bilateral presentation, multimodal imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography allows for simultaneous evaluation of progressive stages of outer retinal damage caused by choroidal hypoperfusion seen on fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. This case report demonstrates that GCA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of placoid maculopathies. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:540-543.].

The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in treatment of acute retinal necrosis.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of successful treatment of acute retinal necrosis with a combination of antivirals and intravenous immunoglobulin. METHODS: This is a case report of a 77-year-old white man diagnosed with unilateral acute retinal necrosis. RESULTS: Combination therapy with systemic antivirals, prophylactic laser retinopexy, and intravenous immunoglobulin halted progression of retinitis and preserved visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Acute retinal necrosis is an aggressive disease with significant risk of vision loss even when treated with appropriate therapy. In this report, the authors describe a case of successful treatment with a combination of systemic antivirals and intravenous immunoglobulin. Intraocular antiviral injection plus systemic treatment remain to be a more cost-effective option.