Association between sedentary behavior, diet and nutritional status in adolescents: baseline results from the LONCAAFS Study.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between time spent engaged in sedentary behaviors, type of diet, and overweight in adolescents. A cross-sectional study using data from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits, and Health of Adolescents - LONCAAFS Study. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. To evaluate the combined effects of excessive time in sedentary behavior and consumption from two food groups: Convenience and Prudent on overweight, we performed multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for energy, level of physical activity, sex, and age. Excessive time in sedentary behavior increased the chance of adolescents being overweight by 37% (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.04-1.80). This chance increased to 43% when the adolescents were simultaneously engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had high consumption of the Convenience food group (OR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05-1.94) and increased to 39% on those who engaged in excessive sedentary behavior and had low consumption of foods from the Prudent (OR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.04-1.84). Excessive sedentary behavior is associated with being overweight and the chance increases with the consumption of convenient foods.

Dietary patterns among adolescents and associated factors: longitudinal study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, diet and adolescent health. / Padrões alimentares de adolescentes e fatores associados: estudo longitudinal sobre comportamento sedentário, atividade física, alimentação e saúde dos adolescentes.

The aim of the present study was to identify dietary patterns and associations with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, nutritional status, lipid profile and inflammatory profile in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic sample using baseline data (2014) from the Longitudinal Study on Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, Eating Habits and Adolescent Health. A total of 1,438 adolescents (10 to 14 years old) from public schools in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, participated in the study. Data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional status, lifestyle and the results of biochemical tests. Dietary data were obtained using the 24-hour recall method and dietary patterns were identified by exploratory factor analysis. Associations of interest were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Three dietary patterns were found: "Traditional", "Snacks" and "Western". These patterns were associated with age, socioeconomic status, parental education and lifestyle. The "Traditional" pattern was associated lower adiposity and a better lipid profile. However, with the increase in age, greater frequencies of the "Snacks" and "Western" patterns were found. The present findings underscore the need for strategies that encourage healthy behaviors.

Objetivou-se identificar padrões alimentares e sua associação com características socioeconômicas, de estilo de vida, estado nutricional, perfil lipídico e inflamatório em adolescentes. Estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, utilizando dados da linha de base (2014) do Estudo Longitudinal sobre Comportamento Sedentário, Atividade Física, Hábitos Alimentares e Saúde de Adolescentes (LONCAAFS). Participaram 1.438 adolescentes (10 a 14 anos), da rede pública de João Pessoa-PB. Foram obtidos dados socioeconômicos, medidas antropométricas, estilo de vida e exames bioquímicos. Os dados dietéticos foram obtidos por recordatórios de 24h, sendo os padrões alimentares identificados por análise fatorial exploratória e as associações de interesse estimadas por regressão logística múltipla. Foram encontrados três padrões alimentares: "Tradicional", "Lanches" e "Ocidental" que se associaram com idade, nível socioeconômico, escolaridade dos pais e estilo de vida. O padrão "Tradicional" se mostrou associado a menor adiposidade e melhor perfil lipídico, porém com a maior idade, há maior adesão aos padrões "Lanches" e "Ocidental". Os resultados da análise do padrão alimentar de adolescentes apontam para necessidade de estratégias que incentivem comportamentos saudáveis.

[Conicity index as a predictor of changes in the lipid profile of adolescents in a city in Northeast Brazil]. / Índice de conicidade como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil.

The objective was to evaluate the conicity index (C Index) as a predictor of changes in the lipid profile of adolescents and to establish its cutoff points. This was a cross-sectional study in 774 adolescents of both sexes (55% girls), 10 to 14 years of age. C Index was calculated according to the formula proposed by Valdez, considering body mass, height, and waist circumference (WC). Changes in the adolescents' lipid profile were defined according to one of the following conditions: elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The predictive power of the conicity index for altered lipid profile and its cutoff points were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The C Index was a good predictor of lipid alterations in adolescents, emphasizing triglycerides in boys 10 to 11 years of age (ROC = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.50-0.85) and 12 to 14 (ROC = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.59-0.80), and in girls 10 to 11 years (ROC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79); and LDL in girls 10 to 11 years (ROC = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.59-0.80) and boys (ROC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.55-0.75) and girls (ROC = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.50-0.75) 12 to 14 years. The cutoff points for the C Index varied from 1.12 to 1.16 between boys and girls. The C Index can be used to predict lipid alterations, and its cutoff points can be used to screen adolescents for risk of alterations in lipid profile.

Índice de conicidade como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil / Conicity index as a predictor of changes in the lipid profile of adolescents in a city in Northeast Brazil / Índice de conicidad como predictor de alteraciones en el perfil lipídico en adolescentes de una ciudad del nordeste de Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o indice de conicidade (Índice C) como preditor de alterações no perfil lipídico em adolescentes e estabelecer seus pontos de corte. Estudo transversal com 774 adolescentes de ambos os sexos (55% do sexo feminino), de 10 a 14 anos de idade. O Índice C foi calculado de acordo com a fórmula proposta por Valdez, considerando as medidas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC). As alterações no perfil lipídico dos adolescentes foram definidas segundo uma das seguintes condições: elevados níveis de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (LDL), triglicerídeos e níveis baixos de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (HDL). O poder preditivo do Índice C para alterações no perfil lipídico, assim como seus pontos de corte, foi determinado por meio das curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). O Índice C foi um bom preditor para alterações lipídicas em adolescentes, com destaque para os níveis de triglicerídeos em adolescentes do sexo masculino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,67; IC95%: 0,50-0,85) e de 12 a 14 anos (ROC = 0,69; IC95%: 0,59-0,80), assim como em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,50-0,79); e LDL em adolescentes do sexo feminino de 10 a 11 anos (ROC = 0,70; IC95%: 0,59-0,80) e adolescentes do sexo masculino (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,55-0,75) e adolescentes do sexo feminino (ROC = 0,62; IC95%: 0,50-0,75) de 12 a 14 anos. Os pontos de corte do Índice C variaram de 1,12 a 1,16 entre meninos e meninas. O Índice C pode ser utilizado para predizer alterações lipídicas, bem como seus pontos de corte podem ser utilizados para triagem de adolescentes em risco de alterações no perfil lipídico.

Abstract: The objective was to evaluate the conicity index (C Index) as a predictor of changes in the lipid profile of adolescents and to establish its cutoff points. This was a cross-sectional study in 774 adolescents of both sexes (55% girls), 10 to 14 years of age. C Index was calculated according to the formula proposed by Valdez, considering body mass, height, and waist circumference (WC). Changes in the adolescents' lipid profile were defined according to one of the following conditions: elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The predictive power of the conicity index for altered lipid profile and its cutoff points were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The C Index was a good predictor of lipid alterations in adolescents, emphasizing triglycerides in boys 10 to 11 years of age (ROC = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.50-0.85) and 12 to 14 (ROC = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.59-0.80), and in girls 10 to 11 years (ROC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.50-0.79); and LDL in girls 10 to 11 years (ROC = 0.70; 95%CI: 0.59-0.80) and boys (ROC = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.55-0.75) and girls (ROC = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.50-0.75) 12 to 14 years. The cutoff points for the C Index varied from 1.12 to 1.16 between boys and girls. The C Index can be used to predict lipid alterations, and its cutoff points can be used to screen adolescents for risk of alterations in lipid profile.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el índice de conicidad (Índice C), como predictor de alteraciones en el perfil lipídico en adolescentes y establecer sus puntos de corte. Métodos: estudio transversal con 774 adolescentes de ambos sexos (55% del sexo femenino), de 10 a 14 años de edad. El Índice C fue calculado de acuerdo con la fórmula propuesta por Valdez, considerando las medidas de masa corporal, estatura y circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Las alteraciones en el perfil lipídico de los adolescentes fueron definidas según una de las siguientes condiciones: elevados niveles de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidad (LDL), triglicéridos y niveles bajos de lipoproteína de baja densidad (HDL). El poder predictivo del Índice C para alteraciones en el perfil lipídico, así como sus puntos de corte, fue determinado mediante las curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic). El Índice C fue un buen predictor para alteraciones lipídicas en adolescentes, destacando los niveles de triglicéridos en niños de 10 a 11 años (ROC = 0,67; IC95%: 0,50-0,85) y de 12 a 14 años (ROC = 0,69; IC95%: 0,59-0,80), así como en niñas de 10 a 11 años (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,50-0,79); y LDL en niñas de 10 a 11 años (ROC = 0,70; IC95%: 0,59-0,80) y niños (ROC = 0,65; IC95%: 0,55-0,75) y niñas (ROC = 0,62; IC95%: 0,50-0,75) de 12 a 14 años. Los puntos de corte del Índice C variaron de 1,12 a 1,16 entre niños y niñas. El Índice C puede ser utilizado para predecir alteraciones lipídicas, así como sus puntos de corte pueden ser utilizados para el cribado de adolescentes en riesgo de alteraciones en su perfil lipídico.