Broken into pieces: The challenges of determining sulfonated azo dyes in biological reactor effluents using LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis.

Most studies on the biodegradation of textile azo dyes use color as parameter for measuring the efficiency of degradation. Although widely employed, spectrophotometric methods are susceptible to the interference of metabolites or degradation products from the biological treatment. We propose a method for determination of a model sulfonated azo dye (Direct Black 22, DB22) in wastewater using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). MS analysis in negative electrospray ionization mode showed DB22 as the most abundant precursor ion, corresponding to [M-3Na + H]2-, which yields two radical anions of m/z 370.1 and m/z 645 after MS/MS fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation (CID). Calibration curve presented adequate linearity and precision in the range of 120-1500 ng mL-1, and recovery and detection limit were appropriate to the typically employed working concentrations. Nevertheless, we observed that standard heating of DB22 under alkaline conditions to simulate the production of wastewater during dye-baths resulted in loss of MS/MS signal, without affecting color. Further analysis showed that DB22 undergoes hydrolysis and does not remain unaltered in solution. Alternative methods of hydrolysis evaluated resulted in no MS/MS signal as well. SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis evidenced the structural change of DB22 in aqueous solution while the dyeing-capacity was preserved. This technique has also the potential of being tailored to consider the detection of the hydrolyzed fragments of azo dyes in wastewater for appropriate quantification, but it was not the scope of the current step of this research. Color remains as a more reliable parameter for monitoring azo compounds which are unstable in aqueous solution, while a more robust and holistic method needs to be developed for the speciation of the DB22 products of thermal hydrolysis.

Sensitivity of field isolates of Eimeria acervulina and E. maxima from three regions in Brazil to eight anticoccidial drugs.

Rotation with different active ingredients is among the most effective and recommended strategies to preserve the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs and reduce the emergence of resistance. Tools such as anticoccidial sensitivity tests (ASTs) are ideally used to make rational rotation programs and bring benefits to production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of E. acervulina (EA) and E. maxima (EM) from 3 different regions in Brazil, by using four ASTs. Feces samples weighing 6 to 7 kg were collected in the regions of São Paulo, Paraná, and Minas Gerais. Prevalent oocysts from feces were filtered, identified, and quantified to conduct 2 ASTs with EA and 2 with EM. The same experimental design was used in every AST (4 replicates per treatment, with 6 birds each, for a total of 240 birds). Treatment groups were a nonchallenged and nonmedicated control group (T1), a challenged and nonmedicated control group (T2), and the other groups challenged and treated with the following compounds: lasalocid (90 ppm - T3), maduramycin (6 ppm - T4), decoquinate (30 ppm - T5), nicarbazin+semduramicin (66 ppm - T6), monensin (110 ppm - T7), salinomycin (66 ppm - T8), narasin+nicarbazin (100 ppm - T9), and nicarbazin (125 ppm - T10). At the end of each AST (20 d), the percent change (delta value) between the treated group (T3 to T10) and the control group (T2) was calculated for the following variables: body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion score, and an indicator of percentage of optimal anticoccidial activity (POAA) that included T2. Different sensitivity levels of EA and EM isolates could be identified. As a whole, drugs from T5 and T3 groups showed higher delta values when compared to other compounds, whereas the lowest sensitivity levels of these isolates were observed in groups T4 and T7. Despite some limiting factors, ASTs can be a good tool for strategic selection of anticoccidial drugs in order to maintain efficacy and extend the lifespan of these molecules.

Removal of the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine in a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor subjected to step changes in the applied organic loading rate.

A bench-scale horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor treating synthetic swine wastewater was operated under different applied organic loading rates (OLR) through both variations in feed strength and in hydraulic retention time (HRT). The influence of step changes in OLR on the removal of the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine (SMZ) was assessed. The highest observed SMZ removal efficiency, 75 ± 6%, was achieved with an OLR of 2.7 ± 0.4 kg O2 m-3 d-1 when a significant increase in COD removal rate was observed. The SMZ removal rate was positively correlated (r = 0.899) to the COD removal rate in all of the experimental conditions in which the HRT was kept at 24 h, indicating a cometabolic transformation of the antimicrobial. Decreasing the HRT caused a significant decrease in SMZ removal efficiency without affecting the HAIB reactor performance in terms of stability, COD removal or metabolic intermediates production. Functionally equivalent steady states were observed in four different operational phases with similar operating conditions but with widely different behavior in relation to SMZ removal. The experimental results showed the potential of anaerobic technology in removing environmentally relevant concentrations of SMZ, and the possibility of enhancing reactor performance by controlling operating conditions.

Comparing 3d and 2d computational modeling of an oil well blowout using MOHID platform - A case study in the Campos Basin.

The oil well blowout releases hydrocarbons into the marine environment as an oil droplets and gas bubbles dispersion. The oil trajectory is strongly influenced by physical, chemical and biological processes. In general, the ocean oil drift studies are based on a two-dimensional approach, whereas the whole oil from a well blowout can be represented by a surface oil leak in the same geographical coordinates. This work is a case study, where MOHID software is used at the Campos Basin region, in which the Lagrangian results of the surface oil leaks were confronted to their well blowout scenarios in different conditions of depth, seasonality (summer and winter), and use of dispersants at the source of the leak. The research results reinforced the importance of the three-dimensional approach to the scenario of deep and ultra-deep waters, especially for cases in which the dispersant injection into the source of the leak was considered.

The uremic toxin methylguanidine increases the oxidative metabolism and accelerates the apoptosis of canine neutrophils.

We investigated the hypothesis that the increased concentration of plasma methylguanidine (MG) increases oxidative metabolism and accelerates apoptosis of neutrophils from dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To achieve this, the levels of MG were quantified in healthy (n=16) and uremic dogs with CKD stage 4 of according to the guidelines of the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS, 2015) (n=16) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To evaluate the isolated effect of MG on neutrophil oxidative metabolism and apoptosis, neutrophils isolated from 12 healthy dogs were incubated with the highest concentration of plasma MG (0.005g/L) observed in dogs with CKD. Neutrophil oxidative metabolism was assessed by flow cytometry, using the probes hydroethidine for superoxide production and 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate for hydrogen peroxide production, with or without phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulus. Neutrophil apoptosis and viability were also evaluated in flow cytometer using the Annexin V-PE system, with or without the apoptosis-inducing effect of camptothecin. Uremic dogs presented higher concentrations of MG (p<0.0001), increased oxidative stress and primed neutrophils with higher apoptosis rate. The neutrophil abnormalities observed in vivo were also reproduced in vitro, using cells isolated from healthy dogs and incubated with MG. We obtained strong evidence that in dogs with CKD, increased MG levels contributed to oxidative stress and potentially compromised the non-specific immune response by altering the oxidative metabolism and viability of canine neutrophils.

Performance and methane emissions of grazing Nellore bulls supplemented with crude glycerin.

Supplementation of grass-fed cattle with low-cost feeding alternatives may be an attractive way to improve efficiency of cattle production. We hypothesized that inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in supplements provided to grass-fed cattle could improve feed conversion without negative effects on growth performance while reducing methane emissions. Our hypothesis was tested using Nellore bulls grazing tropical pasture ( = 50; initial BW of 427 ± 19.41 kg; age of 17 ± 2 mo) supplemented with increasing concentrations (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 g/kg DM basis of supplement) of CG and corn gluten replacing corn grain. A second experiment was conducted using 10 ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (490.1 ± 47.8 kg BW; age of 25 mo) to assess the impact of different concentrations of glycerin in the supplement on ruminal VFA concentration. Inclusion of CG did not affect total DMI ( = 0.53), DMI of forage ( = 0.41), supplement DMI ( = 0.47), organic matter intake ( = 0.50), crude protein intake ( = 0.24), NDF intake ( = 0.49), GE intake ( = 0.50), NDF digestibility ( = 0.17), final BW ( = 0.17), LM area ( = 0.50), rib fat thickness ( = 0.87), or carcass gain ( = 0.13). The inclusion of CG in the supplement linearly increased ( < 0.001) the molar proportion of propionate, butyrate, and valerate; linearly decreased acetate ( = 0.001); and did not affect the molar proportion of isovalerate ( = 0.31) and isobutyrate ( = 0.63), thereby reducing the acetate to propionate ratio ( < 0.001). The increase of CG supplementation of young bulls in pasture had a quadratic effect on BW gain ( = 0.002), with lower BW gain with 140 g/kg DM of CG in the supplement and tended ( = 0.06) to improve G:F. Inclusion of CG did not affect ruminal CH emission expressed in kilograms per year ( = 0.74), grams per kilogram of DMI ( = 0.69), and grams per kilogram of carcass gain ( = 0.48). Crude glycerin supplementation was not effective as a strategy to reduce CH emission in grass-fed cattle. However, CG can be effectively used as a partial energy source in supplement of grazing cattle, promoting an improvement in feed efficiency.

Evaluation of sulfamethazine sorption and biodegradation by anaerobic granular sludge using batch experiments.

This study investigated the removal of the veterinary antimicrobial sulfamethazine (SMZ) using anaerobic granular sludge in batch tests. Adsorption and biodegradation were the main mechanisms involved, with adsorption being properly described by a pseudo-second-order model and a linear adsorption isotherm. The adsorption rate constant ranged from 0.00051 to 0.00587 L µg(-1) h(-1), whereas the SMZ partition coefficient was determined to be 0.0717 L g TVS(-1). Biodegradation depended on the presence of readily available organic matter, indicating the occurrence of cometabolism. The addition of exogenous COD to a 144-h batch run at the concentration level of 100 µg L(-1) increased the efficiency of SMZ removal from 57 to 84%. A two-compartment model was developed and fitted to the experimental results, which established the aqueous phase as the main bioavailable compartment. The results suggested that SMZ conversion in anaerobic reactors benefits from high influent dilution and an exogenous supply of organic matter.

Água salina e biofertilizante bovino na produção de frutos e alocação de biomassa em noni (Morinda citrifolia L. ) / Saline water and bovine biofertilizer on yield and biomass allocation in noni plants (Morinda citrifolia L. )

RESUMO: Têm sido evidenciado que os compostos orgânicos exercem ação mitigadora dos efeitos tóxicos dos sais às plantas, promovendo maior crescimento e desenvolvimento em solos com excesso de sais. Nessa direção, um experimento foi desenvolvido para avaliar os efeitos do biofertilizante bovino na produção de frutos e alocação de biomassa pelos diversos órgãos de plantas de noni, irrigadas com águas salinas. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela, adotando o arranjo fatorial 5 x 2, correspondente a salinidade das águas de irrigação de 0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 dS m-1, em substratos sem e com biofertilizante bovino, aplicado uma única vez, em volume correspondente a 10% do volume do substrato, um dia antes da instalação do experimento. As variáveis avaliadas foram: salinidade do solo, expressa pela condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo; número de frutos; massa média de fruto; produção de frutos por planta; e alocação de biomassa pelas raízes, caules, folhas e frutos. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação elevou o caráter salino do solo desde "não salino" para "fortemente salino" e, inibiu a produção de frutos e a acumulação de biomassa seca das plantas de noni em geral, mas, com maior intensidade nos tratamentos sem o insumo orgânico. O biofertilizante estimula o crescimento e a produção de plantas de noni cultivadas sob irrigação com águas de alta salinidade.

ABSTRACT: Organic compounds have shown to exercise a mitigating action on salts in plants and they promote growth and development in salt stress environments. In this sense, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of saline water irrigation and bovine biofertilizer on yield and biomass allocation by the various organs of noni plants. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications and two plants per plot using the 5 x 2 factorial design, which correspond to the salinity levels of irrigation water of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1 in substrates with and without bovine biofertilizer, applied to the soil once, in the volume corresponding to 10% of the volume of the substrate one day before the implementation of the experiment. The variables evaluated were soil salinity, expressed as electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract, fruit number, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant, and biomass allocation by roots, stems, leaves and fruit. The increasing salinity of the water for irrigation increased the saline character of the soil from non-saline to saline soil and inhibited the production and accumulation of dry biomass in noni plants in general but with more intensity in the plants of the treatments without bovine biofertilizer applied to the soil in liquid form. The biofertilizer stimulates the growth and production of noni plants grown under irrigation with high salinity water.

Effect of root morphology on biomechanical behaviour of premolars associated with abfraction lesions and different loading types.

The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical behaviour of maxillary premolar teeth regarding root morphology and abfraction depth, submitted to axial and oblique occlusal load. The investigation was conducted using 3D finite element analysis and strain gauge test. Sound maxillary premolar single and double root were selected for 3D model generation. The teeth were scanned for external morphology data acquisition. The 3D geometry was stored in *.STL and exported to Bio-CAD software (Rhinoceros-3D) to model generation. Mesh generation, mechanical properties and boundary conditions were performed in finite element software (Femap, Noran Engineering, USA). Twelve models were generated: sound tooth, 1.25 and 2.5 mm abfraction teeth. 100N compressive static load was applied: axially and 45° angle to the long axis on the palatine surface of the buccal cusp. Two strain gauges were bonded on the teeth mounted in a mechanical testing machine. Von Mises criterion showed that the double-root teeth associated with 2.5 mm abfraction and oblique loading presented higher stress values. Axial loading associated with single-root teeth propitiated the lowest stress rates. Double root sound 1.25 and 2.5 mm abfraction teeth associated with oblique loading showed the highest strain values (µS): 692.6, 1043.31 and 1236.14, respectively. Single root sound 1.25 and 2.5 mm abfraction teeth associated with oblique loading showed 467.10, 401.51 and 420.98 strain values, respectively. Axial loading showed lower strain rates, ranging from 136.12 to 366.91. The association of deep lesions, oblique loading and double-root tooth promoted higher stress and strain concentration.

Effect of anti-rotation devices on biomechanical behaviour of teeth restored with cast post-and-cores.

AIM: To test the hypothesis that the presence of an anti-rotation device (ARD) and its location can influence the biomechanical behaviour of root filled teeth restored with cast post-and-cores and metallic crowns. METHODOLOGY: Fifth two bovine incisor roots were selected and divided into four groups (n = 13): Nd- without ARD; Bd- buccal ARD; Ld- lingual ARD; BLd- buccal and lingual ARD. The specimens were restored with cast post-and-cores and metallic crowns. After a fatigue process (3 x 10(5) 50 N), three strain gauges were attached on the buccal, lingual and proximal surfaces and the samples of each group (n = 3) were submitted to a 0-100 N load. Fracture resistance was assessed in a mechanical testing machine (n = 10). Strain values and fracture resistance data were analysed by one-way anova and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test (alpha = 0.05). The failure mode was then evaluated under an optical stereomicroscope. Bidimensional models of each group were generated for finite element analysis (FEA) and analysed using the von Mises criteria. RESULTS: No significant difference in fracture resistance values and fracture modes occurred between the four groups. The BLd group had higher stress concentrations in the buccal dentine and higher strain values on the proximal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: The anti-rotation devices did not influence significantly the fracture resistance and fracture mode. However, the stress-strain values were increased when the anti-rotation device was prepared on the buccal and lingual faces concomitantly.

Pyrearinus termitilluminans larval click beetle luciferase: active site properties, structure and function relationships and comparison with other beetle luciferases.

Several beetle luciferases have been cloned and sequenced. However, most studies on structure and function relationships and bioanalytical applications were done with firefly luciferases, which are pH sensitive. Several years ago we cloned Pyrearinus termitilluminans larval click beetle luciferase, which displays the most blue-shifted bioluminescence among beetle luciferases and is pH insensitive. This enzyme was expressed in E. coli, purified, and its properties investigated. This luciferase shows slower luminescence kinetics, K(M) values comparable to other beetle luciferases and high catalytic constant. Fluorescence studies with 8-anilino-1-naphtalene-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS) and modeling studies suggest that the luciferin binding site of this luciferase is very hydrophobic, supporting the solvent and orientation polarizability effects as determining mechanisms for bioluminescence colors. Although pH insensitive in the range between pH 6-8, at pH 10 this luciferase displays a remarkable red-shift and broadening of the bioluminescence spectrum. Modeling studies suggest that the residue C312 may play an important role in bioluminescence color modulation. Compared to other beetle luciferases, Pyrearinus termitilluminans luciferase also displays higher thermostability and sustained luminescence in a bacterial cell environment, which makes this luciferase particularly suitable for in vivo cell analysis and bioimaging.

The structural origin and biological function of pH-sensitivity in firefly luciferases.

Firefly luciferases are called pH-sensitive because their bioluminescence spectra display a typical red-shift at acidic pH, higher temperatures, and in the presence of heavy metal cations, whereas other beetle luciferases (click beetles and railroadworms) do not, and for this reason they are called pH-insensitive. Despite many studies on firefly luciferases, the origin of pH-sensitivity is far from being understood. This subject is revised in view of recent results. Some substitutions of amino-acid residues influencing pH-sensitivity in firefly luciferases have been identified. Sequence comparison, site-directed mutagenesis and modeling studies have shown a set of residues differing between pH-sensitive and pH-insensitive luciferases which affect bioluminescence colors. Some substitutions dramatically affecting bioluminescence colors in both groups of luciferases are clustered in the loop between residues 223-235 (Photinus pyralis sequence). A network of hydrogen bonds and salt bridges involving the residues N229-S284-E311-R337 was found to be important for affecting bioluminescence colors. It is suggested that these structural elements may affect the benzothiazolyl side of the luciferin-binding site affecting bioluminescence colors. Experimental evidence suggest that the residual red light emission in pH-sensitive luciferases could be a vestige that may have biological importance in some firefly species. Furthermore, the potential utility of pH-sensitivity for intracellular biosensing applications is considered.

Active-site properties of Phrixotrix railroad worm green and red bioluminescence-eliciting luciferases.

The luciferases of the railroad worm Phrixotrix (Coleoptera: Phengodidae) are the only beetle luciferases that naturally produce true red bioluminescence. Previously, we cloned the green- (PxGR) and red-emitting (PxRE) luciferases of railroad worms Phrixotrix viviani and P. hirtus[OLE1]. These luciferases were expressed and purified, and their active-site properties were determined. The red-emitting PxRE luciferase displays flash-like kinetics, whereas PxGR luciferase displays slow-type kinetics. The substrate affinities and catalytic efficiency of PxRE luciferase are also higher than those of PxGR luciferase. Fluorescence studies with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid and 6-p-toluidino-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid showed that the PxRE luciferase luciferin-binding site is more polar than that of PxGR luciferase, and it is sensitive to guanidine. Mutagenesis and modelling studies suggest that several invariant residues in the putative luciferin-binding site of PxRE luciferase cannot interact with excited oxyluciferin. These results suggest that one portion of the luciferin-binding site of the red-emitting luciferase is tighter than that of PxGR luciferase, whereas the other portion could be more open and polar.

Avaliaçäo da eficácia terapêutica e da tolerância do antiinflamatório lisinato de cetoprofeno, na fórmula cápsulas. Estudo multicêntrico aberto e näo comparativo / Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of the anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen lysine, capsule form. Open label non comparative multicenter study

Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico aberto e näo comparativo, visando avaliar a eficácia terapêutica e a tolerância do antiinflamatório e analgésico lisinato de cetoprofeno no tratamento das patologias mais comuns da prática clínica e ortopédica, como lombalgia/lombociatalgia, artrite/artrose, tendinite, entorse, contusäo, distensäo muscular e/ou outros processos álgicos; na posologia de uma cápsula de 160 mg duas vezes por dia, durante sete dias. O estudo foi desenvolvido em 17 Estados, mais o Distrito Federal, do Brasil e realizado exclusivamente por 793 médicos especialistas em ortopedia e traumatologia, envolvendo um total de 2.386 pacientes. A avaliaçäo global da eficácia clínica apresentou resultados excelentes e bons em 91,5 porcento dos casos(2.183 pacientes). A tolerabilidade global evidenciou 91,5 porcento de casos excelentes e bons; sendo que houve necessidade de interromper o tratamento em apenas 2,6 porcento (62) pacientes. Na avaliaçäo da dor feita pelo paciente, 95,6 porcento apresentaram dor moderada a intensa na visita inicial e no retorno final apenas 6,2 porcento. Na avaliaçäo clínica da eficácia realizada pelo médico a dor em repouso melhorou 97 porcento na visita final em relaçäo a visita inicial. Diante destes resultados podemos concluir que o lisinato de cetoprofeno é eficaz e seguro, como antiinflamatório e analgésico, no tratamento de patologias ortopédicas, reumatológicas e traumáticas.(au)

Demand management and loss water control in the federal district-Brasil

Se presentan las acciones desarrolladas por la Water and Sewage Corporation en Brasilia, Brasilia; en el contexto de las perdidas de agua, tarifas y educacion sanitaria. Su tarea alcanzo resultados satisfactorios en el campo de la gestion de la demanda y el control de las perdidas de agua; entre ellas, la reduccion de las conexiones clandestinas. A traves del ajuste de tarifas tambien fue posible reducir consumos de agua superfluos

Demand management and loss water control in the federal district-Brasil

Se presentan las acciones desarrolladas por la Water and Sewage Corporation en Brasilia, Brasilia; en el contexto de las perdidas de agua, tarifas y educacion sanitaria. Su tarea alcanzo resultados satisfactorios en el campo de la gestion de la demanda y el control de las perdidas de agua; entre ellas, la reduccion de las conexiones clandestinas. A traves del ajuste de tarifas tambien fue posible reducir consumos de agua superfluos

Avaliaçao da eficácia terapêutica e da tolerância da beta-ciclodextrina piroxicam na forma líquida(gotas).Estudo multicêntrico. / Efficacy and tolerability evaluation of beta-ciclodextrin piroxicam(suppled as pediatric drops)in upper respiratory tract pathologies. Multicenter study

Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico aberto e nao comparativo,visando avaliar a eficácia terapêutica e a tolerância do produto antiinflamatorio contendo o complexo beta-ciclodextrina piroxicam,na forma liquida(gotas),no tratamento das patologias das vias aèreas superiores e tambem em outras patologias que requeiram uma atividade antiinflamatoria,antipirética e ou analgésica.O estudo foi desenvolvido em seis centros de pesquisas por 140 mèdicos distribuidos por todo o Brasil,envolvendo um total de 642 pacientes e o esquema posologico usado foi de uma gota para cada dois quilos de peso corpóreo ao dia e em dose única.A eficácia clinica foi avaliada pelos médicos atraves da intensidade dos sinais e sintomas presentes nas patologias na visita inicial,no primeiro retorno e na visita final.A avaliaçao global da eficácia clinica obteve em 96,1 por cento dos casos(617 paciente) resultados considerados pelos medicos participantes como excelente e bom.A tolerabilidade global evidenciou resultados excelentes e bons 96,6 por cento dos casos(620 pacientes)sendo que houve necessidade de interromper o tratamento em apenas 1,4 por cento dos casos(nove pacientes)devido a nao aderencia ao tratamento e a reaçoes adversas.Estes resultados permitem concluir que o complexo beta-ciclodextrina piroxicam na forma liquida,apresenta aK

Estudo multicentrico do complexo B-ciclodextrina piroxicam nas patologias traumaticas e reumatologicas / B-ciclodextrin piroxicam complex multicenter study in traumatic and rheumatic pathological processes

foi realizado um estudo multicentrico aberto e nao comparativo, visando avaliar a eficacia terapeutica e a tolerancia de um potente antiinflamatorio, o complexo B-ciclodextrina piroxicam, no tratamento de patologias ortopedicas e reumaticas.O esquema posologico usado foi de uma capsula de 20 mg ao dia durante sete dias. O estudo foi desnvolvido em 14 centros de pesquisa por cerca de 1.500 medicos, distribuidos por todo o Brasil, envolvendo um total de3729 pacientes. A avaliacao global da eficacia clinica obteve em 93,1 por cento dos casos resultados considerados pelos medicos participantes como excelentes e bons (3472 pacientes). A tolerabilidade global evidenciou resultados excelentes e bons em 93,7 por cento dos casos (3495 pacientes); sendo que houve necessidade de interromper o tratamento em apenas 1,4 por cento dos casos (60 pacientes), devido a intensidade da reacao adversa. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada pelos medicos e pacientes imediatamente antes do tratamento e no 3§ e 7§ dia de tratamento; em ambos os controles a avaliacao estatistica usando o teste "t" de Student ("t" pareado) mostrou uma diminuicao da intensidade da dor altamente significante estatisticamente (p=~O). Diante destes resultados podemos concluir que o complexo B-ciclodextrina piroxicam* e eficaz e seguro como antiinflamatorio, no tratamento das patologias traumaticas e reumatologicas

Estudo multicentrico: avaliaçao da eficacia terapeutica e tolerancia de uma nova formulaçao para uso topico. / A multicenter study: evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of a new formulation for topical application

Foi realizado um estudo multicentrico aberto,nao comparativo,visando avaliar a eficacia terapeutica e a tolerancia de uma nova formulacao de Novacort no tratamento topico de dermatoses.Neste estudo foi avaliada a nova formulacao de Novacort,constituida pela associacao de um corticoide mais potente-o dipropionato de betametasona-um antibiotico de uso topico-o sulfato de neomicina-e um antifungico de amplo espectro-o cetoconazole.O estudo foi realizado em 20 estados do Brasil, abrangendo um total de 2.451 pacientes.O esquema posologico usado foi de uma aplicacao ao dia de uma fina camada do creme sobre a area afetada; podendo em alguns casos ser necessaria a aplicacao duas vezes ao dia.A avaliacao final da eficacia terapeutica global evidenciou 97,1 por cento de resultados excelentes e bons.A tolerabilidade foi considerada excelente, sendo que foram relatados efeitos adversos em apenas 0,6 por cento dos casos estudados; em apenas 0,21 por cento dos casos (cinco pacientes