Community of Studies and Technical Scientific Development of the Campos Gerais: A Brazilian experience in medical pathology / Comunidade de Estudos e Desenvolvimento Técnico-Científico dos Campos Gerais: una experiencia brasileña en patología médica

INTRODUCTION: Pathology is a discipline that allows students of medicine to integrate their knowledge learned in the initial years of graduation with clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of the "Comunidade de Estudos e Desenvolvimento Técnico-Científico dos Campos Gerais (CEDTEC-CG)". METHODOLOGY: Data were collected from extension testimonials and informational data, focusing on the importance of the project in the academic training, and the potential benefits of the activity for the local community, correlated with the scientific literature. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: CEDTEC-CG is a project created in 2012, with the main objective of working in university extension, and is an initiative involving teachers, students and researchers in order to generate accessible scientific knowledge and promote health education. The project has several aspects of action, such as the availability of online content, high-level scientific production, and the promotion of health in the community in general, revealing an opportunity for improvement in student learning and social integration. The project tries to better integrate the undergraduate education strand, bringing the student closer to medical practice, increasing scientific production with dissemination of results, and acting directly with the community, bringing improvements in health promotion and production

INTRODUCCIÓN: La patología es una disciplina que permite a los estudiantes de medicina integrar su conocimiento aprendido en los primeros años de graduación con la práctica clínica. OBJETIVO: Informar la experiencia de la «Comunidade de Estudos e Desenvolvimento Técnico-Científico dos Campos Gerais (CEDTEC-CG)». METODOLOGÍA: Datos recopilados de testimonios de extensionistas y datos informativos, centrados en la importancia del proyecto en la formación académica y los beneficios potenciales de la actividad para la comunidad local, correlacionados con la literatura científica. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: La CEDTEC-CG es un proyecto creado en 2012, con el objetivo principal de trabajar en la extensión universitaria, es una iniciativa que involucra a docentes, estudiantes e investigadores para generar conocimiento científico accesible y promover la educación para la salud. El proyecto tiene varios aspectos de acción, como la disponibilidad de contenido en línea, producción científica de alto nivel y la promoción de la salud en la comunidad en general, revelando una oportunidad para mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y la integración social. El proyecto trata de integrar mejor la rama de la educación universitaria, acercando al estudiante a la práctica médica, aumentando la producción científica con la diseminación de resultados, y actuando directamente con la comunidad, trayendo mejoras en la promoción y la producción de la salud

PRIMARY LYMPH NODE HEMANGIOMA IN A PATIENT WITH INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA / Hemangioma linfonodal primário em paciente com carcinoma ductal invasivo

Primary lymph node hemangioma is a rare entity with only a few cases having been reported in the literature. This article describes a case of a 68-year-old female patient with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy with a subsequent histopathological evaluation that revealed invasive ductal carcinoma histological grade III according to Nottingham's Combined Classification. Among the 14 resected lymph nodes, the presence of vascular proliferation (intranodal) was observed in one of them, consistent with primary nodal hemangioma. Thus, knowledge about this clinical entity is important in order to establish the correct differential diagnosis with malignant primary neoplasms and metastasis, in which therapeutics and prognosis are very different

Hemangioma linfonodal primário é uma entidade rara, sendo que poucos casos foram descritos na literatura. Neste artigo foi relatado o caso de uma paciente de 68 anos com neoplasia mamária à direita e que foi submetida à mastectomia radical modificada com posterior avaliação histopatológica, que evidenciou carcinoma ductal invasor de grau histológico III, conforme Classificação Combinada de Nottingham. Dentre os 14 linfonodos ressecados, foi observada em 1 deles a presença de proliferação vascular (intranodal) consistente com hemangioma nodal primário. Dessa forma, o reconhecimento dessa entidade clínica torna-se imprescindível para a realização de diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasias malignas primárias ou metastáticas, que apresentam terapêuticas e prognósticos totalmente distintos

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by silicon implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface. METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups. RESULTS: The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.

Experimental model for the study of retrograde flow / Modelo experimental para estudo da circulação retrógrada

BACKGROUND: Venous arterialization has been adopted as a strategy for salvage of limbs in critical ischemia without the distal arterial bed, with successful outcomes, but the mechanisms by which irrigation of the extremities takes place are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: To develop an experimental model to test hypotheses that could explain the mechanisms of blood supply in venous arterialization. METHODS: Eleven pigs underwent a period of hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion achieved by venous arterialization, after interposition of conduits filled with 10 ml (5 animals - group 1) or 1 ml (6 animals - group 2) of China Ink. After euthanasia, the limbs were amputated and underwent histological analysis. RESULTS: Under optical microscopy, ink staining was observed in the arteriolar lumen of six (55%) of the eleven pigs used in the experiment; four (80%) out of five from group 1 and two (33%) out of six from group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model was capable of testing the hypothesis. The presence of China Ink in the arteriolar lumen shows that it is possible to supply the arterial vessels by means of venous arterialization.

CONTEXTO: A arterialização venosa tem sido adotada com bons resultados como estratégia para salvar membros em isquemia crítica sem leito arterial distal. No entanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a irrigação das extremidades ocorre permanecem desconhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar hipóteses que podem explicar os mecanismos de nutrição em arterialização venosa. MÉTODOS: Onze porcos foram submetidos a um período de isquemia seguida de reperfusão do membro posterior, realizada por arterialização venosa, com interposição de condutos preenchidos com 10 mL (cinco animais - grupo 1) e 1 mL (seis animais - grupo 2) de tinta da China. Após a eutanásia, os membros foram amputados e submetidos a análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia óptica, o pigmento foi encontrado no lúmen de arteríolas de seis (55%) dos 11 porcos utilizados no experimento; quatro (80%) de cinco animais eram do grupo 1 e dois (33%) de seis animais eram do grupo 2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental utilizado foi capaz de testar a hipótese. A presença de tinta da China no lúmen arteriolar mostra que é possível alcançar o vaso arterial por meio de arterialização venosa.

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by silicon implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface in rats.

PURPOSE:: To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface. METHODS:: Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups. RESULTS:: The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference. CONCLUSION:: The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.

Dysembrioplastic neuroepithelial tumor: cytological diagnosis by intraoperative smear preparation.

The dysembrioplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a benign and slow-growing temporal lobe cortical lesion that presents with clinically unresponsive partial and complex seizures, with onset before age 20 yr. DNT shows a multinodular architecture and the presence of mixed glioneural elements. The authors report on a case of DNT diagnosed by the intraoperative smear cytological technique. We describe the cytological characteristics of smear preparations of DNT, with emphasis on the differential diagnosis. The authors present a 5-yr-old male with partial seizures for the preceding 3 yr. The patient showed no other neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance identified a lesion in the cortical area of the right temporal lobe. The smear cytology showed small, round, oligodendroglial-like cells arranged in lobules, with microcystic spaces containing ganglion cells floating in a fine fibrillary background. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of DNT. This report shows that the smear preparation can be trustworthy for the intraoperative diagnosis of DNTs, helping to determine the appropriate neurosurgical procedure and thus avoiding extensive and unnecessary resections.

Gêmeos cefalotoracópagos: estudo de um caso com aspectos anatomopatológicos e revisäo de literatura / Cephalothoracopagus twins: study of a case with anatomopathologic aspects and review of literature

A incidência de gêmeos conjuntos oscila entre um caso em 50 mil e um em 100 mil gestaçöes, e o tipo cefalotoracópago é particularmente raro, ocorrendo um caso em 3 milhöes de nascimentos. Os autores relatam os aspectos anatômicos encontrados em um caso de gêmeos cefalotoracópagos do sexo feminino. A maioria das anormalidades foi semelhante àquelas descritas na literatura. Observamos, entretanto, alguns achados bastante incomuns, como presença de um único baço e pâncreas único anular

Neurocisticercose: estudo clínico e patológico de 27 casos de necrópsia / Neurocysticercosis: a clinical and pathological study of 27 necropsied cases

Neurocisticercose é a mais frequente e disseminada neuroparasitose humana. O desenvolvimento de lesoes no cérebro e leptomeninges, com consequente aparecimento de sintomas, está relacionado com a resposta imune do hospedeiro, ao número e à fase de involuçao dos parasitas . Relatamos os achados anatomopatológicos durante a necrópsia em 27 casos de neurocisticercose, que corresponderam a 3,1 por cento dos casos necropsiados no serviço. 77 por cento dos pacientes eram masculinos, com idade variando entre 18 e 85 anos. Em 26 por cento dos casos havia história de alcoolismo. A análise clinico-patológica mostrou que 50 por cento dos casos eram da forma assintomática, 11 por cento da forma epiléptica, 11 por cento da forma intraventricular e 11 por cento da forma combinada. 33 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram crise epiléptica como fator agravante do quadro clínico. O cisticerco era único em 60 por cento dos casos, a forma cellulosae estava presente em 82 por cento e a racemosa em 7 por cento dos casos, sendo os 11 por cento restantes portadores da forma combinada. Em 30 por cento dos pacientes a causa mortis estava relacionada com a presença do cisticerco no sistema nervoso central. Nossos achados confirmam a alta morbidade desta parasitose

Prevalence of headache in children of a school from Curitiba, Brazil, comparing data obtained from children and parents

This study analyzed prevalence, frequency and cause of headache among 460 children ranging from 10 to 14 years-old from a Brazilian school. A questionnaire was handed both to children and parents to know if there would be differences among children and parenteral reports. The lifetime prevalence of headache was 93.5 per cent (children reports) and 93.3 per cent (parenteral reports). The last year prevalence was 90 per cent (children) and 89.8 per cent (parents). Headache episodes were frequent in 17.6 per cent (children) and 18.5 per cent (parents). The most often reported cause was "flu" (39.1 per cent by children, and 46.7 per cent by parents). This study demonstrated that the prevalence of headache in children is high; moreover, there were noted few differences between data obtained from children and parents. So, we could say that when the objective of a epidemiologic study is to determine the prevalence of headache in children, both children and parental reports may be used.