Comparação estrutural da representação de mulheres e homens acerca da violência / Structural comparison of women's and men's representations regarding violence / Comparación estructural de la representación de mujeres y hombres sobre la violencia

Objetivo: comparar a estrutura e o conteúdo da representação social de mulheres e homens sobre a violência. Método: estudo qualitativo fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 150 usuários das Estratégias de Saúde da Família da cidade de Rio Grande/RS em 2019. Utilizou-se a técnica de evocações livres e entrevistas gravadas, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Realizou-se análise prototípica pelo software EVOC e de similitude pelo IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: na centralidade da representação de mulheres e homens o elemento em comum foi violência. A representação das mulheres foi permeada pela violência física e verbal no ambiente doméstico. A dos homens foi destacada pela violência urbana em espaços públicos. Considerações finais: a representação social de mulheres e homens acerca da violência tem, em sua estrutura e conteúdo, como elemento em comum a violência, porém há nuances quanto ao local de ocorrência e os tipos de violência que cada sexo está sujeito.

Objective: to compare the structure and content of women's and men's social representations about violence. Method: in this qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations, conducted in 2019, the participants were 150 users of the Family Health Strategy in the city of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. The technique of free evocations and recorded interviews was used, approved by the Ethics Committee. A prototypical analysis was performed using EVOC software and a similarity analysis, using IRAMUTEQ. Results: the common element in women's and men's core representations was violence. The women's representations were permeated by physical and verbal violence in the home. Men's were notable for urban violence in public places. Final remarks: the structure and content of women's and men's social representations about violence involved violence as a common element, but there were nuances as to where it occurred and the types of violence that each sex is subject to.

Objetivo: comparar la estructura y el contenido de la representación social de mujeres y hombres sobre la violencia. Método: estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales. En 2019 participaron 150 usuarios de las Estrategias de Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Rio Grande / RS. Se utilizó la técnica de evocaciones libres y entrevistas grabadas, aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Se realizó un análisis prototípico utilizando el software EVOC y uno de similitud con el IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: en la centralidad de la representación de mujeres y hombres, el elemento en común fue la violencia. La representación de las mujeres estuvo impregnada de violencia física y verbal en el ámbito doméstico. La de los hombres destacó por la violencia urbana en los espacios públicos. Consideraciones finales: la representación social de mujeres y hombres sobre la violencia tiene, en su estructura y contenido, la violencia como elemento común, sin embargo, existen matices en cuanto al lugar de ocurrencia y los tipos de violencia a los que es sometido cada sexo.

[Development of a georeferenced system for the management, mobility and monitoring of primary care in community health]. / Desarrollo de un sistema georreferenciado para la gestión, movilidad y monitoreo de atención primaria de la salud comunitaria.

Community health agents carry out significant actions on the ground to provide prevention and care and bring health services to families. These practices in the field constitute a constant collective mapping process using the knowledge of the territory that the agents possess. Based on intensive fieldwork starting in 2012 in conjunction with local social organizations and health institutions in Brazil and Argentina, the binational project App+Health (App+Salud in Spanish and App+Saúde in Portugués) was initiated. The project's objective was to develop a monitoring and georeferencing system for community health management in the form of an application for cell phones or tablets with internet access, which would take into account the basic conditions of the environment and movement history of users and connect map updating methodologies using social cartography with free collaborative mapping platforms. As a result, the beta version of App+Health was developed, through a heightened process of exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge.

Los agentes de salud comunitaria en terreno practican acciones de fuerte impronta territorial, tanto en relación con prevención y asistencia, como a partir de un acercamiento de los servicios de salud a las familias. Estas prácticas en terreno, construyen un permanente mapeo colectivo basado en el conocimiento que los agentes poseen del territorio de actuación. A partir de un intenso trabajo de campo iniciado en el año 2012, en conjunto con organizaciones sociales locales e instituciones de salud de Brasil y Argentina, se inició el proyecto binacional App+Salud, que tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y georreferencia para la gestión de la salud comunitaria, en formato de aplicación, para celular o tablet y acceso web, que considere la condiciones básicas, de ambiente y movilidad histórica de los usuarios, y que vincule metodologías de actualización cartográfica a partir de cartografía social con plataformas de mapeos colaborativos libres. Como resultado, se ha obtenido el desarrollo del sistema App+Salud, en nivel beta, para lo cual se profundizó en un trabajo de intercambio de saberes interdisciplinares.

Desarrollo de un sistema georreferenciado para la gestión, movilidad y monitoreo de atención primaria de la salud comunitaria / Development of a georeferenced system for the management, mobility and monitoring of primary care in community health

RESUMEN Los agentes de salud comunitaria en terreno practican acciones de fuerte impronta territorial, tanto en relación con prevención y asistencia, como a partir de un acercamiento de los servicios de salud a las familias. Estas prácticas en terreno, construyen un permanente mapeo colectivo basado en el conocimiento que los agentes poseen del territorio de actuación. A partir de un intenso trabajo de campo iniciado en el año 2012, en conjunto con organizaciones sociales locales e instituciones de salud de Brasil y Argentina, se inició el proyecto binacional App+Salud, que tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo y georreferencia para la gestión de la salud comunitaria, en formato de aplicación, para celular o tablet y acceso web, que considere la condiciones básicas, de ambiente y movilidad histórica de los usuarios, y que vincule metodologías de actualización cartográfica a partir de cartografía social con plataformas de mapeos colaborativos libres. Como resultado, se ha obtenido el desarrollo del sistema App+Salud, en nivel beta, para lo cual se profundizó en un trabajo de intercambio de saberes interdisciplinares.

ABSTRACT Community health agents carry out significant actions on the ground to provide prevention and care and bring health services to families. These practices in the field constitute a constant collective mapping process using the knowledge of the territory that the agents possess. Based on intensive fieldwork starting in 2012 in conjunction with local social organizations and health institutions in Brazil and Argentina, the binational project App+Health (App+Salud in Spanish and App+Saúde in Portugués) was initiated. The project's objective was to develop a monitoring and georeferencing system for community health management in the form of an application for cell phones or tablets with internet access, which would take into account the basic conditions of the environment and movement history of users and connect map updating methodologies using social cartography with free collaborative mapping platforms. As a result, the beta version of App+Health was developed, through a heightened process of exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge.

Minor psychiatric disorders and their associations in family caregivers of people with mental disorders.

This study aims to analyze the occurrence of minor psychiatric disorder and their associations in relatives of people with mental disorders. This is a cross-sectional study of 1164 relatives. For the tracking of minor psychiatric disorders the Self-Reporting Questionnaire Scale (SRQ20) was used, adopting 6/8 as cut-off point. Bivariate analyzes were conducted using Chi-squared test. Trends among strata of independent variables were investigated in relation to the outcome using nonparametric linear trend test. Statistic significance was defined as p-value < 0.05. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted using as a basis the hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. It was observed in the population a prevalence of 46.9% for minor psychiatric disorders. Higher prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders were strongly associated with the female gender, older age, first degree family ties, not having a paid work, lower education level, lower income, health problems, lower quality of life and feeling of burden. Many factors are related to the emotional and mental illness of family caregivers, demanding health services to be prepared to recognize and intervene in these situations.

Minor psychiatric disorders and their associations in family caregivers of people with mental disorders / Transtornos psiquiátricos menores e suas associações em familiares cuidadores de pessoas com transtorno mental

Abstract This study aims to analyze the occurrence of minor psychiatric disorder and their associations in relatives of people with mental disorders. This is a cross-sectional study of 1164 relatives. For the tracking of minor psychiatric disorders the Self-Reporting Questionnaire Scale (SRQ20) was used, adopting 6/8 as cut-off point. Bivariate analyzes were conducted using Chi-squared test. Trends among strata of independent variables were investigated in relation to the outcome using nonparametric linear trend test. Statistic significance was defined as p-value < 0.05. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted using as a basis the hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. It was observed in the population a prevalence of 46.9% for minor psychiatric disorders. Higher prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders were strongly associated with the female gender, older age, first degree family ties, not having a paid work, lower education level, lower income, health problems, lower quality of life and feeling of burden. Many factors are related to the emotional and mental illness of family caregivers, demanding health services to be prepared to recognize and intervene in these situations.

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores e suas associações em familiares de pessoas com transtornos mentais. Estudo transversal realizado com 1.164 familiares. Para o rastreamento utilizou-se o Self-Reporting Questionnaire Scale (SRQ20). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas com uso do teste Qui-quadrado. Tendências entre os estratos foram investigados em relação ao desfecho por meio do teste não paramétrico de tendência linear. Significância estatística foi definida como p < 0,05. Regressões logísticas binárias brutas e ajustadas foram realizadas utilizando como base um modelo hierárquico desenvolvido através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Observou-se prevalência de 46,9% de transtornos psiquiátricos menores. Maior prevalência desses transtornos esteve fortemente associada ao sexo feminino, idade avançada, laços familiares de primeiro grau, não possuir trabalho remunerado, nível de educação mais baixo, menor renda, problemas de saúde, baixa qualidade de vida e sentimento de sobrecarga. Muitos fatores estão associados à doença emocional e mental dos cuidadores familiares, exigindo que serviços de saúde estejam preparados para reconhecer e intervir nessas situações.

Satisfaction with mental health community services among patients' relatives.

OBJECTIVE:: This study aims to assess the satisfaction of family members of patients of mental health community services through a tested, validated and previously applied scale in order to allow comparison of results. METHODS:: The results were obtained by applying the scale SATIS-BR to 1242 relatives of patients of 40 mental health community services in Brazil. The average scores of the three subscales of the SATIS-BR scale were compared using the Wilcoxon test. To measure statistical significance for each item of the scale, the Friedman test was applied, considering significant p-value < 0.05. RESULTS:: The average overall satisfaction score was 4.35 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.44, with a range varying from 1 to 5. The subscale with the highest score refers to the "Results of Treatment", what presents scores of 4.54 with SD of 0.66. As for the other subscales, which refer to "Reception and Staff Competence" and "Service Privacy and Confidentiality" had scores of 4.25 (SD: 0.51) and 4.17 (SD: 0.51). CONCLUSION:: The high level of satisfaction with the service among families of patients highlights the potential of these services and their contribution to the advance of a model of mental health community care, as it seems to be the global trend. The different results between the scales further suggest that the family distinguishes different aspects of the service and evaluates separately, providing a good reference for evaluation studies.

Prevalência de internações e mortalidade infantil por insuficiência renal no Brasil / Prevalence of hospitalizations and infant mortality for renal insufficiency in Brazil

Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência de internações e a correlação com a mortalidade infantil por insuficiência renal. Método: estudo ecológico, descritivo, realizado a partir de informações oriundas do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação em Saúde – DATASUS, referentes às internações e à taxa de mortalidade por insuficiência renal, utilizando as variáveis: sexo, idade, internação e óbitos por insuficiência renal, nas cinco regiões do Brasil, no período de 2008 a 2014. Empregou-se amostragem não probabilística intencional e o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: foram registradas 11.802 internações por insuficiência renal no Brasil, com média de 8,4 a 13,8 dias. Predominou o sexo masculino e a faixa etária de cinco a nove anos. A região Nordeste apresentou maior número de internações e de mortalidade e a Norte a menor. Conclusão: a disparidade nas informações pode estar relacionada às características socioeconômicas e de atenção à saúde de cada região.

Satisfaction with mental health community services among patients' relatives / Satisfação com serviços comunitários de saúde mental entre os familiares dos pacientes

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aims to assess the satisfaction of family members of patients of mental health community services through a tested, validated and previously applied scale in order to allow comparison of results. Methods: The results were obtained by applying the scale SATIS-BR to 1242 relatives of patients of 40 mental health community services in Brazil. The average scores of the three subscales of the SATIS-BR scale were compared using the Wilcoxon test. To measure statistical significance for each item of the scale, the Friedman test was applied, considering significant p-value < 0.05. Results: The average overall satisfaction score was 4.35 with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.44, with a range varying from 1 to 5. The subscale with the highest score refers to the "Results of Treatment", what presents scores of 4.54 with SD of 0.66. As for the other subscales, which refer to "Reception and Staff Competence" and "Service Privacy and Confidentiality" had scores of 4.25 (SD: 0.51) and 4.17 (SD: 0.51). Conclusion: The high level of satisfaction with the service among families of patients highlights the potential of these services and their contribution to the advance of a model of mental health community care, as it seems to be the global trend. The different results between the scales further suggest that the family distinguishes different aspects of the service and evaluates separately, providing a good reference for evaluation studies.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a satisfação dos familiares de pacientes de serviços comunitários de saúde mental através de uma escala testada, validada e aplicada anteriormente, a fim de permitir a comparação de resultados. Métodos: Os resultados foram obtidos através da aplicação da escala SATIS-BR em 1242 familiares de pacientes de 40 serviços comunitários de saúde mental no Brasil. Os escores médios das três subescalas da escala SATIS-BR foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Para medir a significância estatística para cada item da escala, o teste de Friedman foi aplicado, considerando-se como significância valor de p < 0,05. Resultados: A pontuação satisfação global média foi de 4,35, com desvio padrão (DP) de 0,44, em uma escala que varia de 1 a 5. A subescala com maior pontuação se refere aos "Resultados do Tratamento", que apresentou escore de 4,54 com DP de 0,66 . Quanto as outras subescalas, que se referem a "Recepção e Competência da Equipe" e "Privacidade e Confidencialidade do Serviço" as pontuações foram de 4,25 (DP: 0,51) e 4,17 (DP: 0,51) respectivamente. Conclusão: O elevado nível de satisfação com o serviço entre os familiares dos pacientes destaca o potencial desses serviços e a sua contribuição para o avanço de um modelo comunitário de atenção à saúde mental. Os resultados diferentes entre as escalas sugerem ainda que o familiar distingue os diversos aspectos do serviço e os avalia separadamente, constituindo uma boa referência para estudos de avaliação.

Estudo de avaliação das habilidades de vida independente entre usuários da rede de atenção psicossocial do Rio Grande do Sul / Evaluation study of independent living skills among users of psychosocial care network in Rio Grande do Sul

Resumo Introdução Este estudo objetivou descrever as habilidades de vida independente de uma amostra de usuários da rede de atenção psicossocial do Rio Grande do Sul, identificando as áreas com menores e maiores desempenhos. Métodos A amostra foi de 390 usuários. A fim de determinar o grau de habilidades da vida cotidiana de pacientes psiquiátricos, foi utilizada a escala Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS), que avalia o desempenho dos sujeitos em nove áreas de atividade da vida cotidiana. As análises foram conduzidas no pacote estatístico Stata 11, e utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para apresentação dos resultados. Resultados O escore global encontrado para habilidades de vida independente foi de 2,44, com desvio-padrão (DP) de 0,90. Os itens de maior escore foram aqueles relacionados à alimentação, cuidados pessoais e transporte. Os itens com menores escores foram emprego, lazer e administração de dinheiro. Conclusão As habilidades de vida independente entre os indivíduos incluídos neste estudo foram maiores do que em outras pesquisas realizadas anteriormente acerca do tema.

Abstract Introduction This study aims to describe the independent life skills from a sample of psychosocial care network users in the state of Rio Grande do Sul indicating the areas of higher and lower performances. Methodology The sample comprises 390 users. For rating the amount of everyday life skills from the psychiatric patients, we applied the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) scale, which evaluates the users regarding 9 everyday day life activities. The analyses were run by the statistic package Stata 11 and were presented as descriptive statistics. Results The global score for independent living skills was 2.44 with a standard deviation SD=0.90. The fields with highest score were those related to feeding, personal cares and transportation. Those with lower scores were related to job, recreation and money management. Conclusion The independent living skills among the individuals included in this study were higher than among previous studies on the subject.

Independent Life Skills among psychosocial care network users of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

This is a cross-sectional study that aims to identify the prevalence of lower independent living skills and their associations in 390 users of psychiatric community-based services in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For tracing the outcome it was used the "scale Independent Living Skills Survey", adopting a cut-off value lower than 2. The crude and adjusted analyses were conducted on binary logistic regressions and they considered a hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. In adjusted analysis the level of the same variables were adjusted to each other and to previous levels. The statistical significance remained as a < 0.05 p-value. The prevalence of smaller independent living skills was 33% and their associations were: younger age; no partner; lower education; resident at SRT; diagnosis of schizophrenia and younger diagnosis.

Independent Life Skills among psychosocial care network users of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Habilidades de Vida Independente de usuários da rede de atenção psicossocial do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study that aims to identify the prevalence of lower independent living skills and their associations in 390 users of psychiatric community-based services in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For tracing the outcome it was used the “scale Independent Living Skills Survey”, adopting a cut-off value lower than 2. The crude and adjusted analyses were conducted on binary logistic regressions and they considered a hierarchical model developed through a systematic literature review. In adjusted analysis the level of the same variables were adjusted to each other and to previous levels. The statistical significance remained as a < 0.05 p-value. The prevalence of smaller independent living skills was 33% and their associations were: younger age; no partner; lower education; resident at SRT; diagnosis of schizophrenia and younger diagnosis.

Resumo Este estudo transversal objetiva identificar a prevalência de menores habilidades de vida independente e suas associações em 390 usuários de serviços comunitários de saúde mental no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para delimitar o desfecho, a escala “Independent Living Skills Survey” foi utilizada adotando-se como ponto de corte valores menores que 2. Análises brutas e ajustadas foram conduzidas por regressão logística binária que considerou um modelo teórico hierarquizado desenvolvido a partir de uma revisão sistemática de literatura. Na análise ajustada as variáveis do mesmo nível foram ajustadas entre si e com as do nível anterior. Significância estatística foi considerada como p-valor < 0,05. A prevalência de menores habilidades de vida independente foi de 33% e suas associações foram: menor idade; não possuir companheiro; menor escolaridade; residência no SRT; diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e menor tempo de diagnóstico.

Clustering of minor psychiatric disorders and burden among family caregivers of individuals with mental illness.

The objective of this cross-sectional study is to analyze the relationship between minor psychiatric disorders, burden and other associated factors among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. The study was conducted with 1164 relatives of users of the Centers for Psychosocial Care in southern Brazil, and for screening of minor psychiatric disorders, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) scale was used, based on its Brazilian validation with an adopted cutoff point of 6/8. Even though previous studies have appointed the burden arising from care as protagonist in the presentation of minor psychiatric disorders, a clustering based on log-likelihood by Bayesian Information Criterion conducted in this study found that burden is not the only possible predictor for emotional/mental illness, suggesting that other factors permeate this relationship. Thus, bivariate analyzes were conducted, in which the influence of variables such as health problems, work issues, among others, can be observed in different groups arranged by the cluster.

Clustering of minor psychiatric disorders and burden among family caregivers of individuals with mental illness / Clusterização de transtornos psiquiátricos menores e sobrecarga entre familiares cuidadores de pessoas com transtornos mentais

Abstract The objective of this cross-sectional study is to analyze the relationship between minor psychiatric disorders, burden and other associated factors among family caregivers of people with mental disorders. The study was conducted with 1164 relatives of users of the Centers for Psychosocial Care in southern Brazil, and for screening of minor psychiatric disorders, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) scale was used, based on its Brazilian validation with an adopted cutoff point of 6/8. Even though previous studies have appointed the burden arising from care as protagonist in the presentation of minor psychiatric disorders, a clustering based on log-likelihood by Bayesian Information Criterion conducted in this study found that burden is not the only possible predictor for emotional/mental illness, suggesting that other factors permeate this relationship. Thus, bivariate analyzes were conducted, in which the influence of variables such as health problems, work issues, among others, can be observed in different groups arranged by the cluster.

Resumo Este estudo transversal objetiva analisar a relação entre os Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores, sobrecarga e outros fatores associados em familiares cuidadores de pessoas com transtorno mental. O estudo foi realizado com 1164 familiares de usuários de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Sul do Brasil e utilizou para rastreamento de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores a escala Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) tendo como base a validação brasileira da escala que adotou como ponto de corte 6/8. Embora estudos prévios tenham apontado a sobrecarga advinda do cuidado como protagonista na apresentação de Transtornos Psiquiátricos Menores, uma clusterização baseada em Verossimilhança de Log pelo critério Bayesiano de Schwarz conduzida nesse estudo apontou que sobrecarga não seria o único preditor possível para o adoecimento emocional/psíquico, sugerindo que outros fatores permeiam essa relação. Sendo assim, análises bivariadas foram conduzidas, pelas quais se podem observar influência de variáveis como problemas de saúde, questões de trabalho entre outras nos diferentes grupos dispostos pelo cluster.