Evidence suggests vocal production learning in a cross-fostered Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus).

Vocal learning is a rare skill in mammals, and we have limited information about the contexts in which they use it. Previous studies suggested that cetaceans in general are skilled at imitating sounds, but only few species have been studied to date. To expand this investigation to another species and to investigate the possible influence of the social environment on vocal learning, we studied the whistle repertoire of a female Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) that was stranded at an early age and was subsequently raised in a group of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). We show that this cross-fostered animal produced vocal signals more akin to those of its Tursiops poolmates than those of Risso's dolphins in the wild. This is one of very few systematic cross-fostering studies in cetaceans and the first to suggest vocal production learning in the Risso's dolphin. Our findings also suggest that social experience is a major factor in the development of the vocal repertoire in this species.

Action of AlGaInP laser and high frequency generator in cutaneous wound healing. A comparative study

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate in a macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric manner the healing process of cutaneous wounds in mice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 male mice and was divided in four groups: 1st group (control, n=10), 2nd group (High Frequency Generator - HF, the maximum amplitude range, 120s, n=10), 3rd group (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30mW power, 5 J/cm2, applying scan mode, 120s, n=10) and 4thgroup (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30 mW power, 8 J/cm2, applying scan mode, n=10). The surgical incision was made with an 8 mm diameter punch perpendicularly to the back of the animal. The statistical analysis was achieved by the statistical test One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test and significance at p<0.05 in GraphPad Prism program. RESULTS: It was observed that in the acute phase the AlGaInP Laser at 5 J/cm2 provided a greater stimulus to healing, and both lasers were effective in the remodeling phase. CONCLUSION: The AlGaInP lasers from 5 J/cm2 to 8 J/cm2 showed better biomodulatory results in the acute and remodeling phases respectively, however, the HF was less effective than the laser, providing significant benefits only in the acute phase of tissue repair.

Action of AlGaInP laser and high frequency generator in cutaneous wound healing. A comparative study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate in a macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric manner the healing process of cutaneous wounds in mice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 40 male mice and was divided in four groups: 1st group (control, n=10), 2nd group (High Frequency Generator - HF, the maximum amplitude range, 120s, n=10), 3rd group (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30mW power, 5 J/cm2, applying scan mode, 120s, n=10) and 4thgroup (AlGaInP Laser 660 nm, 30 mW power, 8 J/cm2, applying scan mode, n=10). The surgical incision was made with an 8 mm diameter punch perpendicularly to the back of the animal. The statistical analysis was achieved by the statistical test One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test and significance at p<0.05 in GraphPad Prism program. RESULTS: It was observed that in the acute phase the AlGaInP Laser at 5 J/cm2 provided a greater stimulus to healing, and both lasers were effective in the remodeling phase. CONCLUSION: The AlGaInP lasers from 5 J/cm2 to 8 J/cm2 showed better biomodulatory results in the acute and remodeling phases respectively, however, the HF was less effective than the laser, providing significant benefits only in the acute phase of tissue repair.

Digital photogrammetry and histomorphometric assessment of the effect of non-coherent light (light-emitting diode) therapy (λ640 ± 20 nm) on the repair of third-degree burns in rats.

Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of coherent light therapy from the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum on the tissue-healing process. This study analysed the effect of non-coherent light therapy (light-emitting diode-LED) with or without silver sulfadiazine (sulpha) on the healing process of third-degree burns. In this study, 72 rats with third-degree burns were randomly divided into six groups (n = 12): Gr1 (control), Gr2 (non-contact LED), Gr3 (contact LED), Gr4 (sulfadiazine), Gr5 (sulfadiazine + non-contact LED) and Gr6 (sulfadiazine + contact LED). The groups treated with LED therapy received treatment every 48 h (λ = 640 ± 20 nm, 110 mW, 16 J/cm(2); 41 s with contact and 680 s without contact). The digital photometric and histomorphometric analyses were conducted after the burn occurred. The combination of sulpha and LED (contact or non-contact) improved the healing of burn wounds. These results demonstrate that the combination of silver sulfadiazine with LED therapy (λ = 640 ± 20 nm, 4 J/cm(2), without contact) improves healing of third-degree burn wounds, significantly reduces the lesion area and increases the granulation tissue, increases the number of fibroblasts, promotes collagen synthesis and prevents burn infections by accelerating recovery.

Percepção dos pacientes adultos da faculdade de odontologiada UFBA em relação ao atendimento e à estrutura da unidade / The adult patients perceptions about the treatment and structure of the dentistry school at Federal University in Bahia

A condição de sujeito ativo do paciente no processo de formação do profissional da área de saúde, incluindo a Odontologia, vem direcionando alguns estudos no sentido de avaliar o grau de satisfação desses pacientes com o tratamento odontológico recebido nas faculdades. Este estudo, descritivo e transversal, objetivou caracterizar os usuários atendidos pelo Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), sua percepção em relação ao tratamento odontológico recebido e à estrutura física, através da realização de entrevistas com pacientes na faiza etária de 18 a 60 anos. Diante do total de 82 pacientes entrevistados, foi possível traçar um perfil desses usuários, sendo observado um maior percenntual de mulheres, com 70,73 por cento, 34,14 por cento com o segundo grau completo e 46,34 por cento com uma renda mensal de até um salário mínimo. Foi constatado também, já em relação ao atendimento e à estrutura física da Unidade, que 59,75 por cento consideram o atendimento ótimo, 36,59 por cento acham que a Faculdade tem uma boa estrutura física e 54,88 por cento tiveram dificuldade de atendimento na Universidade. Desta forma, percebe-se uma satisfação pela maioria dos usuários, apesar de ser notória, de acordo com as sugestões dos pacientes, a necessidade de uma reestruturação, visando não só melhores formas de acesso, mas principalmente melhores condições de atendimento.

Aplicaçäo de método de higiene bucal em pacientes portadores de aparelho ortodôntico / Use of the oral hygiene methods in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar a influência de um método de higiene bucal adequado para pacientes portadores de aparelho ortodôntico fixo, tipo "Edgewise". Para isto os autores trabalharam durante nove semanas com um grupo de vinte pacientes, submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico, da Clínica de Ortodontia, da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, divididos em dois grupos. No primeiro grupo verificou-se a eficiência na remoçäo da placa dental, por método específico de escovaçäo. No segundo grupo verificou-se o resultado dos procedimentos de higiene bucal realizados sem qualquer orientaçäo específica. Finalmente a efetividade dos procedimentos realizados foi comparada