Cancer in the NorthEast India: Where we are and what needs to be done?

North East Region in India is showing a peculiar type of cancer incidence pattern. This is an attempt to get a clear picture of cancer in NE India, the gaps in providing cancer care, and a way forward for a healthier NE. For this purpose, a desk review was undertaken along with secondary data analysis in 2018. In NE, the survival rate is comparatively very low, with higher proportion of distant metastasis cases at diagnosis. Even worse, the NE region lacks required infrastructure with respect to specialized treatment facilities, human resources, etc., In view of high burden of the disease with very limited resources, a multidisciplinary, multidimensional, and multilevel approach are needed to protect this vibrant region from becoming the cancer hub.

Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus, attitudes, and willingness to conduct human immunodeficiency virus testing among Indian dentists.

CONTEXT: India has the third-highest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world. Early diagnosis can prevent HIV transmission and since a large proportion of the Indian population are likely to be seen in a dental setting, it may serve as an important site for early HIV diagnosis. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of HIV, attitudes, and willingness to conduct HIV testing among Indian dentists. SETTINGS: A cross-sectional survey of 503 Indian dentists was conducted in Delhi, Gandhinagar, Bhubaneswar, and Hyderabad (representing low, moderate, and high HIV prevalence areas). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: HIV knowledge was measured using the HIV-KQ-18, and attitudes and willingness were examined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were performed using SPSS version 21. RESULTS: A third of the respondents had a high HIV knowledge score. High knowledge scores were positively associated with age group, level of education, and dental specialty. Over 73% were willing to deliver HIV-positive test results. Almost 80% of the respondents felt that rapid HIV testing was needed in a dental setting. Attitudes and willingness were found to be significantly related to the survey site suggesting cultural difference as an important factor in taking up HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: General awareness of HIV among this sample of Indian dentists appears to be low. The findings from this study however suggest that Indian dentists have expressed a need for rapid HIV testing in dental setting with a strong emphasis on the need for further education on HIV testing.