Antibacterial and Antifungal Fabrication of Natural Lining Leather Using Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Piper Betle L. Leaf Extract.

Leather is often used to make comfortable shoes due to its soft and breathable nature. However, its innate ability to retain moisture, oxygen and nutrients renders it a suitable medium for the adsorption, growth, and survival of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Consequently, the intimate contact between the foot skin and the leather lining surface in shoes, which are subject to prolonged periods of sweating, may result in the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and cause discomfort for the wearer. To address such issues, we modified pig leather with silver nanoparticles (AgPBL) that were bio-synthesized from Piper betle L. leaf extract as an antimicrobial agent via the padding method. The evidence of AgPBL embedded into the leather matrix, leather surface morphology and element profile of AgPBL-modified leather samples (pLeAg) was investigated using colorimetry, SEM, EDX, AAS and FTIR analyses. The colorimetric data confirmed that the pLeAg samples changed to a more brown color with higher wet pickup and AgPBL concentration, owing to the higher quantity of AgPBL uptake onto the leather surfaces. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the pLeAg samples were both qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using AATCC TM90, AATCC TM30 and ISO 16187:2013 test methods, approving a good synergistic antimicrobial efficiency of the modified leather against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, a yeast Candida albicans and a mold Aspergillus niger. Additionally, the antimicrobial treatments of pig leather did not negatively impact its physico-mechanical properties, including tear strength, abrasion resistance, flex resistance, water vapour permeability and absorption, water absorption and desorption. These findings affirmed that the AgPBL-modified leather met all the requirements of upper lining according to the standard ISO 20882:2007 for making hygienic shoes.

Hypoxia-induced YAP activation and focal adhesion turnover to promote cell migration in mesenchymal TNBC cells.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is commonly characterized by malignant tumors that promote the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with approximately 46% capacity related to distant metastasis. Transcriptional factor yes-associated protein (YAP), a core component of the Hippo pathway, is associated with poor prognosis and outcome in cancer metastasis. Here, we explored the effect of hypoxia-mediated YAP activation and focal adhesions (FAs) turnover in mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. METHODS: We characterized the effect of hypoxia on YAP in different breast cancer cell lines using a hypoxia chamber and CoCl2 . RESULTS: Hypoxia-induced YAP nuclear translocation is significantly observed in normal breast epithelial cells, non-TNBC cells, mesenchymal TNBC cells, but not in basal-like TNBC cells. Functionally, we demonstrated that YAP activation was required for hypoxia to promote mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Furthermore, hypoxia induced the localization of FAs at the leading edge of mesenchymal TNBC cells. In contrast, verteporfin (VP), a YAP inhibitor, significantly reduced the migration and the recruitment of nascent FAs at the cell periphery under hypoxia conditions, which only showed in mesenchymal TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the hypothesis that YAP is novel factor and positively responsible for hypoxia-promoting mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Our findings provide further evidence and outcomes to help prevent the progression of TNBC.

Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cordyline fruticosa L. Leave Extract Endowing Silk Fibroin Modified Viscose Fabric with Durable Antibacterial Property.

The current work presented a green synthetic route for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles obtained from aqueous solutions of silver nitrate using Cordyline fruticosa L. leaf extract (Col) as a reducing and capping agent for the first time. The bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgCol) were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The obtained data demonstrated that AgCol in spherical shape with an average size of 28.5 nm were highly crystalline and well capped by phytocompounds from the Col extract. Moreover, the bio-synthesized AgCol also exhibited the effective antibacterial activities against six pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The AgCol were applied as an antibacterial finishing agent for viscose fabric using a pad-dry curing technique. The AgCol-treated viscose fabrics exhibited a good synergistic antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. Furthermore, the silk fibroin regenerated from Bombyx mori cocoon waste was utilized as an ecofriendly binder for the immobilization of AgCol on the viscose fabric. Thus, the antimicrobial efficacy of the AgCol and fibroin modified viscose fabric still reached 99.99% against the tested bacteria, even after 30 washing cycles. The colorimetric property, morphology, elemental composition, and distribution of AgCol on the treated fabrics were investigated using several analysis tools, including colorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Kjeldahl, and FTIR. Because of the excellent antimicrobial efficiency and laundering durability, as well as the green synthesis method, the AgCol and fibroin modified viscose fabric could be utilized as an antibacterial material in sportswear and medical textile applications.

A review on the fabrication of several carbohydrate polymers into nanofibrous structures using electrospinning for removal of metal ions and dyes.

Water contamination by heavy metals and dyes has been one of the most severe problems globally. Various techniques have been employed to remove these contaminants from water, including adsorption and photocatalysis, which are highly efficient and environmentally friendly approaches. The overuse of traditional petroleum-based plastics in the production of filtration systems aggravates the status quo due to negative impacts on the environment. Bio-based polysaccharide polymers with the green and benign features and potential for commercial applications have been employed as feasible alternatives to replace synthetic polymers and reduce environmental impacts. With unique chemical composition, molecular weights, and functional chemical groups such as hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups, carbohydrate polymers show multitude potentials for dye and metal ion chelation. This review focused on the fabrication of carbohydrate polymers, such as chitosan, cellulose, alginate, pullulan, starch, and hyaluronic acid, into nanofibrous structures using the electrospinning method and their environmental applications.

Changes in hemodynamic of pulmonary arteries and heart chambers after mitral valve surgical commissurotomy evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography

98 patients were operated surgical commissurotomy in the No 108 Military Hospital from March 1995 to May 2000. All patients were performed Doppler ultrasonography pre- and post-operation. All patients were received surgical commissurotomy by Tubs. Hemodynamics was changed with satisfactory results after surgical commissurotomy the pulmonary arteries pressure down from 50.4  15.5 to 36.6  7.9 mmHg; MaxPG (mmHg) down from 22.1  7.6 to 12.3  3.3 and mean PG (mmHg) also down from 13.5  4.8 to 6.9  4.5. For right indication and contraindication in surgical intervention, as well as prognosis of postoperative patient's life, the evaluation of hemodynamic indexes are necessary, in which Doppler ultrasound plays an importance role in assessing the pre- and postoperative results

Role of pulmonary artery pressure on heart chambers in mitral valve surgical commissurotomy evaluated measured directly

From March 1995 to May 2002, at Hanoi Military Hospital N.108,on 98 patients taken surgical commissurotomy for mitral valve, pulmonary arterial pressure declined from 40,7± 12,7 mmHg before surgery to 29,6 ± 8,2mmHg after surgery, right ventricular pressure from 38,1 ± 11,1mmHg to 29,4 ± 8,4mmHg and left auricular pressure from 32,2 ± 8,6mmHg to 23,2± 7,1mmHg. This had demonstrated very good results of mitral valve commissurotomy, in l to improve hemodynamic state in pulmonary arterial pressure and heart chamber pressure