Conocimientos sobre glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto: diseño y validación de un cuestionario en pacientes hispanohablantes de Perú / Knowledge of open angle glaucoma questionnaire: Design and validation in Spanish-speaking patients of Peru

OBJETIVO: Elaborar y validar un cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos sobre glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto (GPAA) en pacientes hispanohablantes. MÉTODOS: Planeamos un estudio observacional en adultos con diagnóstico definitivo de GPAA que recibieron atención médica ambulatoria de un instituto de referencia nacional en Perú. La formulación inicial se basó en revisión de la literatura y en la opinión de expertos. Efectuamos una prueba piloto sobre 60 pacientes. Luego clasificamos las preguntas y las ponderamos de acuerdo con el juicio de expertos. Administramos el cuestionario a 314 pacientes y realizamos la baremación en terciles. RESULTADOS: A partir de la búsqueda seleccionamos 72 ítems y diseñamos un cuestionario inicial de 20 preguntas, el cual fue sometido a la prueba piloto. Luego, seleccionamos 14 preguntas que fueron clasificadas en 3 dominios ponderados: factores de riesgo (10%), aspectos clínicos (36%) y tratamiento (54%). El cuestionario tiene una puntuación entre 0 (más bajo) y 100 puntos (más alto). La edad promedio de los pacientes a quienes se les administró el cuestionario fue 66 ± 13,7 años y la media de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las encuestas fue de 62,6 ± 14,1 puntos. Definimos 3 categorías de nivel de conocimientos: bajo (0 a 55 puntos), mediano (56 a 69 puntos) y alto (70 a 100 puntos). CONCLUSIONES: El cuestionario elaborado cuenta con evidencia de validez para evaluar el nivel de conocimientos de glaucoma en pacientes hispanohablantes peruanos con GPAA

OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a questionnaire on the knowledge of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Spanish-speaking patients. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on adults with diagnosis of POAG and who received outpatient medical care in a national reference health care institute of Peru. The questionnaire was based on a literature review and expert judgment. A pilot study was carried out on 60 patients. The items were classified and weighted according to the expert judgment. The final questionnaire was completed by 314 patients and its overall score was scaled by tertiles. RESULTS: A total of 72 items were found by primary searching. The initial questionnaire was made up of 20 items, which was tested in a pilot study. A total of 14 items were selected that were then classified into 3 weighted domains: risk factors (10%), clinical aspects (36%), and treatment (54%). The questionnaire has a score range from 0 to 100 points (lowest to highest level). In patients, the mean score was 62.6 ± 14.1. The overall score was classified into 3 categories of knowledge level: low (0 to 55 points), medium (56 to 69 points), and high (70 to 100 points). CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire provides evidence of validity to assess knowledge of POAG in Peruvian Spanish-speaking patients

Knowledge of open angle glaucoma questionnaire: Design and validation in Spanish-speaking patients of Peru. / Conocimientos sobre glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto: diseño y validación de un cuestionario en pacientes hispanohablantes de Perú.

OBJECTIVE: To design and validate a questionnaire on the knowledge of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Spanish-speaking patients. METHODS: An observational study was conducted on adults with diagnosis of POAG and who received outpatient medical care in a national reference health care institute of Peru. The questionnaire was based on a literature review and expert judgment. A pilot study was carried out on 60 patients. The items were classified and weighted according to the expert judgment. The final questionnaire was completed by 314 patients and its overall score was scaled by tertiles. RESULTS: A total of 72 items were found by primary searching. The initial questionnaire was made up of 20 items, which was tested in a pilot study. A total of 14 items were selected that were then classified into 3weighted domains: risk factors (10%), clinical aspects (36%), and treatment (54%). The questionnaire has a score range from 0 to 100 points (lowest to highest level). In patients, the mean score was 62.6±14.1. The overall score was classified into 3categories of knowledge level: low (0 to 55 points), medium (56 to 69 points), and high (70 to 100 points). CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire provides evidence of validity to assess knowledge of POAG in Peruvian Spanish-speaking patients.

Menopausal symptoms are associated with non-adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected middle-aged women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the intensity of menopausal symptoms and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence in middle-aged women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 313 Peruvian women with HIV infection (age 40-59 years) were surveyed and classified as adherent or non-adherent to HAART based on the Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Evaluation Questionnaire. The intensity of menopausal symptoms was assessed with the Menopause Rating Scale, and categorized as none, mild, moderate, and/or severe. Age, sexual orientation, used HAART scheme, time since HIV diagnosis, menopausal status, risk of depression, and presence of comorbidities were also assessed. Poisson generalized linear models with robust variance were performed in order to estimate crude prevalence ratios (PRs) and adjusted PRs using statistical (a1PR) and epidemiological criteria (a2PR).Results: A total of 19.9%, 32.6%, and 15.0% of all women presented mild, moderate, and severe menopausal symptoms, respectively. Overall, 70.6% women were non-adherent to HAART. The probability of non-adherence was higher in women with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms as compared to asymptomatic women in the non-adjusted model (PR: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-2.29; PR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.38-2.23; and PR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.64-2.61, respectively) and the adjusted model.Conclusion: The severity of menopausal symptoms was associated with HAART non-adherence in HIV-infected middle-aged women.