RESUMO
Whole-life consumption of the pure Tokaj wine (The Furmint variety) with documented antioxidative activity significantly elongated (p<0.05) the life of laboratory animals in comparison to the control group consuming water and in comparison to group consuming ethanol (10%). Whole-life intake of ethanol (10%) diluted with water neither shortened nor elongated life of laboratory animals in comparison to control group consuming water. An increased dosing of the Tokaj wine combined with water shortened life expectation (p<0.001). Obviously mixing of wine and water increases the absorption of toxic elements influenced by an acid medium through the change of anions to cations, but also increased appetite resulting into obesity on the basis of hyperphagia.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Etanol/farmacologia , Progéria/induzido quimicamente , Vinho , Animais , Catalase/metabolismo , Absorção Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Longevidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Progéria/epidemiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Água , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
Based on changes of erythrocyte deformability (ED) found in normal pregnancy the authors decided to study the group of pregnant women with intrauterine fetal hypoxy. We selected 47 pregnant patients between 32 and 37 weeks of pregnancy with intrauterine fetal hypoxy, which was diagnosed by Doppler umbilical cord artery blood flow measurement and/or by CTG signs of fetal hypoxy. The control group was composed of 26 healthy women in the third trimester of pregnancy with uncomplicated pregnancy and labor. ED was studied in the venous blood of pregnant women using method of colloid-osmotic hemolysis (Mirossay et al., Clin Haemorheol Microcircul, 1997). 21 newborns from the study group, treated for intrauterine fetal hypoxy, were born without symptoms of hypoxy (non verified hypoxy) and 26 newborns had a diagnosis of hypoxy, based on Apgar score, pH, base excess, bicarbonate and clinical symptoms (verified hypoxy). The entire group of 47 pregnant women with fetal hypoxy had significantly decreased ED. The changes of ED in the group with non verified hypoxy post partum were less pronounced comparing to the group with verified hypoxy. The pattern of these changes is similar to those observed one day prior to delivery in normal pregnancy. Pregnancy complicated by intrauterine fetal hypoxy is accompanied by statistically highly significant decrease of erythrocyte deformability. Interestingly similar changes can be observed in the late uncomplicated pregnancy prior to delivery.
Assuntos
Deformação Eritrocítica , Hipóxia Fetal/sangue , Hipóxia/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
The cation-osmotic hemolysis was studied in human red blood cells incubated under anoxic conditions. In relation to the time course of anoxia, two phases of hemolysis were distinguished. A significant decrease of hemolysis was found between 3 and 24 h of incubation. On the other hand, hemolysis was significantly increased after prolonged incubation (48-72 h). Using the method of cation-osmotic hemolysis, the properties of two membrane constituents, spectrine membrane skeleton and membrane bilayer, were studied. The relation between cation-osmotic hemolysis and erythrocyte deformability is being discussed.
Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/patologia , Hemólise , Hipóxia/patologia , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/patologia , Humanos , Hipóxia/sangueRESUMO
The changes in human red blood cell microrheology in different glutaraldehyde (3.0 and 5.0 x 10(-6) mol x l(-1)) and exaprolol (2.5 and 5.0 x 10(-4) mol x l(-1)) concentrations were studied. The method of millipore filtration was compared with the method of cation-osmotic hemolysis. Both drugs prolonged the filtration time. Cation-osmotic hemolysis in glutaraldehyde-treated cells was significantly lower in comparison with the control group. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in cation-osmotic hemolysis in exaprolol-treated cells. Besides cation-osmotic hemolysis and filterability of erythrocytes, we evaluated the medium cell volume (MCV) and the medium cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). No changes in MCV and MCHC in glutaraldehyde-treated cells were observed. However, the MCV was significantly lower and the MCHC was significantly higher in exaprolol-treated cells. In conclusion, we suggest that the method of cation-osmotic hemolysis is more sensitive than the filtration method for determination of red blood cell microrheology.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Desinfetantes/farmacologia , Deformação Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutaral/farmacologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Adulto , Cátions/farmacologia , Deformação Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Hemólise/fisiologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão OsmóticaRESUMO
The ionic hemolysis in healthy babies during the first year of life was studied. The hemolysis in low as well as high ionic strength was observed. It was found that the hemolysis in low ionic strength is lower during the first year of life in comparison with adults. However, hemolysis in high ionic strength was significantly lower only between 1-15 days old newborns. The ionic hemolysis in relation to the other biophysical factors in newborns is discussed.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/sangue , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Deformação Eritrocítica , Adulto , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
Our previous study showed that stobadine is effective against ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury. The present study examined the ability of stobadine to protect erythrocyte membrane against free radical injury after long-term carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) application. The erythrocyte membrane changes were established using colloid-osmotic hemolysis. The significant increase of colloid-osmotic hemolysis was found in animals treated with CCl4. CCl4 also increased formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) and decreased thiol group content. Stobadine in both doses (10.0 and 20.0 mg.kg-1) protected erythrocyte membrane against CCl4-induced injury. The membrane lipid bilayer is the most affected part of the erythrocyte membrane. In presence of stobadine, CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation was partially or totally prevented whereas the level of total membrane thiols was increased. Based on these results, it can be concluded that protective effect of stobadine on CCl4-induced erythrocyte membrane changes should be related to its antioxidant properties.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Animais , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Hemólise , Técnicas In Vitro , Bicamadas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Compostos de Sulfidrila/metabolismo , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The change in human red blood cell microrheology in different glutaraldehyde concentrations (1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 x 10(-6) mol l-1) was studied. The method of millipore filtration was compared with the method of cation-osmotic hemolysis. The obtained results revealed that the prolongation of the erythrocyte filtration time correlated with the curve shifts found in cation-osmotic hemolysis. Contrary to the filtration method, significant differences between two lower concentrations of glutaraldehyde (1.5 and 3.0 x 10(-6) mol l-1) were found. Therefore, we conclude that the cation-osmotic hemolysis is more sensitive than the filtration method in determining the red blood cell deformability.
Assuntos
Deformação Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutaral/farmacologia , Hemorreologia/métodos , Adulto , Doadores de Sangue , Filtração , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Microquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão OsmóticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The changes of blood hemorheology during pregnancy are still the subject of many studies. Erythrocyte membrane deformability (ED) as one of the main components forming blood hemorheology was studied in the present paper. STUDY DESIGN: The changes in ED were measured in healthy non-pregnant women and in three groups of pregnant women in the first, second and third trimester. The last group consisted of women after delivery. The colloid-osmotic hemolysis method in relation to the change ionic strength was used for ED measurements. The significance of differences was evaluated by the unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS: The results revealed that ED during pregnancy progressively decreases but after delivery significantly increases. Statistical differences between means in all three trimesters were significant in comparison with non-pregnant women. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the changes of ED are important for the normal course of gravidity and are probably connected to hormonal changes during pregnancy and after delivery.
Assuntos
Deformação Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Período Pós-Parto/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Reologia/métodosRESUMO
The state of cerebral ischemia and the following recirculation affect also the blood rheology. The erythrocyte microrheology was studied less than the blood plasma changes. The presented paper is focused on the erythrocyte microrheology changes after global brain ischemia. Both mild and serious global ischemia were induced by the exclusion of cerebral blood circulation for seven min. Thereafter followed the period of recirculation. The changes of erythrocyte microrheology were studied using the method of colloid-osmotic hemolysis. After 180 minutes of recirculation, a significant increase of colloid-osmotic hemolysis was observed. After this until the 240th a significant decrease of colloid-osmotic hemolysis followed. In the group in which mild cerebral ischemia was induced the above mentioned changes were only slightly presented. Important is the fact that the changes in erythrocyte microrheology after serious brain ischemia are in correlation with the changes in cerebral microcirculation. After serious brain ischemia the trombotisation as well as the blood stasis occurred (no-reflow phenomenon).
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Deformação Eritrocítica , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/sangue , Cães , Hemorreologia , MicrocirculaçãoRESUMO
The ability of stobadine to prevent gastric mucosal injury was tested in rat gastric ischaemia induced by 30 min clamping of the coeliac artery with subsequent 30 min reperfusion. Serious injury of gastric mucosa (macroscopic and microscopic) and the increase of microvascular permeability was found after ischaemia/reperfusion in rats without stobadine. After oral pretreatment with stobadine (5 mg.kg-1, 30 min before surgery), the development of gastric mucosal lesions and changes of vascular permeability were significantly decreased.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Isquemia/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Permeabilidade Capilar/fisiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/irrigação sanguínea , Isquemia/complicações , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/complicações , Úlcera Gástrica/etiologia , Úlcera Gástrica/patologiaRESUMO
Serious brain ischemia was induced by occlusion of cerebral arteries in dogs. The occlusion time was 7 min. The blood was collected at various intervals of reperfusion (5, 60, 180, 240 min and 24 h). Thirty minutes before ischemization, stobadine was given (1, 2, or 5 mg/kg). The changes of erythrocyte membrane fluidity were evaluated using colloid-osmotic hemolysis induced by brilliant cresyl blue. In the control group (without stobadine) the colloid-osmotic hemolysis was significantly increased immediately after ischemization and after 5 and 60 min. However, after 240 min of reperfusion, a significant decrease of hemolysis was observed. The increase of colloid-osmotic hemolysis after ischemization in the control group was prevented after stobadine pretreatment. The thrombotization of microcirculation that was observed in the control group was not present after stobadine pretreatment.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Carbolinas/farmacologia , Vasodilatadores/farmacologia , Animais , Viscosidade Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/irrigação sanguínea , Circulação Cerebrovascular/fisiologia , Cães , Deformação Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Deformação Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/fisiologia , Feminino , Hemólise/fisiologia , Masculino , Fluidez de Membrana/fisiologia , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiologia , ReperfusãoRESUMO
The authors observed an immunostimulating effect of levamisole and MDP on fagocyting activity (FA) of neutrophile polymorphonuclear leucocytes in dependence on ageing in rats. They observed 3 age groups, namely 3, 12 and 18 month old animals. The substances were administered during a period of 30 days. It was found out that following both substances, FA elevation in 3 month old animals was significant after 15 days of medicament administration, though, in the 12 month old animals it supervened after 15 and also 30 days. In 18 month old animals following levamisole administration, a significant FA increase supervened only following 15 days; though after MDP administration, it supervened after 25 and also 30 days. It is remarkable that in this group, during administration of both medicaments, 38-50% of animals died. The study points out that age represents a factor which modifies the effect of immunostimulating substances. (Fig. 2, Ref. 16)
Assuntos
Acetilmuramil-Alanil-Isoglutamina/farmacologia , Envelhecimento/imunologia , Levamisol/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Masculino , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The haemolytic action of different concentrations of HgCl2 on rat red blood cells (RBC) was studied in vitro. The concentrations of HgCl2 in incubating media were 0.15, 0.25 and 0.50 mmol.l-1. The ionic strength of the media varied from 0 to 154 mmol.l-1 NaCl. Isotonicity of solutions was also compensated using isotonic glucose in different concentrations (287-0 mmol.l-1). Osmolarity of solutions varied from 287 to 308 mOsm. Besides these solutions the haemolysis in Krebs-Ringer solution was also studied. Haemolysis was characterized with two maxima in all concentrations of Hg2+. The first maximum was observed at low ionic strength and the second one at high ionic strength. In relation to the increased concentrations of Hg2+, the first maximum of haemolysis progressively declined towards the higher ionic strength. In the Krebs-Ringer solutions, the increased concentration of Hg2+ was followed by reduced haemolysis. The haemolytic concentration of 0.15 mmol.l-1 was found to be optimal.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Mercúrio/toxicidade , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Masculino , Concentração Osmolar , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The haemolytic action of HgCl2 (0, 15 mmol.l-1) was studied in relation to the ionic strength and concentration of glucose and saccharose in incubating medium. Blood from 94 donors, aged 19-46 years were used in our experiments. In relation to the ionic strength the haemolytic action was characteristic with two maxima of haemolysis. The first at low ionic strength and second one at the high. Both maxima in solutions containing saccharose were significantly diminished in glucose. These facts show a negative influence of saccharose on the haemorheological properties of the erythrocyte membrane.
Assuntos
Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Glucose/farmacologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Mercúrio/farmacologia , Sacarose/farmacologia , Adulto , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Eritrócitos/química , Eritrócitos/citologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Hemólise/fisiologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Proteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Concentração OsmolarRESUMO
The effect of chlorpromazine on ulcer formation by indomethacin and on total gastric secretion and gastric acid secretion was studied in rats. Secretion and ulceration were evaluated under basal conditions and after the administration of histamine or insulin, i.e. substances stimulating gastric acid secretion. The authors confirmed that chlorpromazine inhibits basal secretion and found that it also inhibits histamine- and insulin-stimulated gastric secretion, in correlation to the dose. It also strongly inhibits the formation of stomach lesions caused by indomethacin under basal conditions and after pretreatment with histamine (3 and 10 mg/kg) and insulin (0.3 IU/kg). Chlorpromazine did not inhibit lesions formed after combining indomethacin with insulin in a dose of 3 IU/kg. The results show that although chlorpromazine inhibits both basal and centrally or peripherally stimulated gastric secretion, its effect on stomach lesions caused by indomethacin is not uniform. Pretreatment with insulin in a dose of 3 IU/kg demonstrates that indomethacin-induced stomach lesions are markedly potentiated by this dose of insulin and are not dependent on gastric secretion only. The inability of chlorpromazine to inhibit these lesions gives the evidence that other--probably central--mechanisms play a role in their development.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Clorpromazina/farmacologia , Indometacina/antagonistas & inibidores , Úlcera Péptica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Histamina/farmacologia , Insulina/farmacologia , Úlcera Péptica/induzido quimicamente , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The authors investigated the disintegration of red cells by the action of brilliant cresyl blue in patients after an acute cerebrovascular attack and compared them with the disintegration in blood donors. In the patients the disintegration was assessed within 24 hours after the attack and after one year. The disintegration was assessed in two incubation solutions i.e. in isotonic saline and in Krebs-Ringer solution after three hours incubation at 37 degrees C. It was revealed that in the control group the disintegration of erythrocytes in isotonic saline is much greater than in Krebs-Ringer solution. The difference between the action of the two solutions is highly significant. In patients immediately after the attack as well as in the group which did not survive the period of one year (7 patients) and the group which survived the period of one year (8 patients) the difference in disintegration in the two solutions is significant but at a lower level of significance. It is thus smaller than in the control group. However, in the group which survived for one year this difference is again highly significant, similarly as in the control group. The author discusses the problem of metabolic influencing of the elasticity and deformability of the red cell membrane and its impact on the rheology of blood.
Assuntos
Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/sangue , Oxazinas/farmacologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Deformação Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , HumanosRESUMO
The effect of exaprolol and sodium salicylate on hemolysis of erythrocytes was studied in dependence on the age of rats. Rats of the Wistar strain were used in the experiment in six different age groups. Exaprolol concentration was in the range from 0.24 to 0.48 mmol.l-1. Sodium salicylate was used in the concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 mmol.l-1. The effect of sodium salicylate on exaprolol induced hemolysis depended on the concentration of the two drugs and on the age of the animals. Significant changes were recorded at the concentrations of 1 and 5 mmol.l-1 of sodium salicylate. In 48- and 72-week-old rats sodium salicylate stabilized the erythrocyte membrane, whereas in 3-week-old rats increased decomposition was observed. The differences in the membrane labilizing effect of exaprolol and the membrane stabilizing effect of sodium salicylate, which were found to be age dependent, are presumably determined by qualitative changes in the structure of the erythrocyte membrane occurring in the course of postnatal development.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacologia , Envelhecimento/sangue , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Salicilato de Sódio/farmacologia , Animais , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The authors investigated in a group of 40 patients the deformability of the red cells, using the disintegration method by means of brilliant cresyl blue. The control group was formed by blood donors from the blood transfusion station. The disintegration of the red cells was investigated in vitro in isotonic NaCl solution and in Krebs-Ringer solution with two concentrations of brilliant cresyl blue, i.e. 0.25 and 0.5 nmol/l1. It was revealed that the disintegration of red cells was significantly lower in Krebs-Ringer solution in blood donors and patients in both concentrations of brilliant cresyl blue that in isotonic NaCl. In patients where blood samples were collected within 24 hours after the attack, no significant difference was found in the disintegration of red cells as compared with blood donors. There was no significant difference in the disintegration of red cells in patients 24 hours after the attack and 10 to 20 days after the attack. The authors conclude that in the above conditions no substantial changes in the deformability of the red cells occur.