Discrimination and Stigma Associated with Obesity: A Comparative Study between Spain and Egypt. Data from the OBESTIGMA study.

INTRODUCTION: This study explores the under-investigated area of obesity-related discrimination and stigmatization across different countries, specifically comparing Spain (Europe) and Egypt (Middle East). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 2,090 participants from both countries. Participants completed three well-validated questionnaires to assess their attitudes towards obesity, experiences of weight-related stigma, and internalization of weight bias: Antifat Attitudes Scale (AFA), Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI), and Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS). Participants were categorized into four groups based on BMI and history bariatric surgery. RESULTS: Egyptian participants [BMI = 30.2±6.7 kg/m2 (range: 18.5 to 69.0 kg/m2)] showed significantly higher aversion towards obesity, as indicated by higher AFA score, compared to their Spanish counterparts [BMI = 35.4±10.1 kg/m2 (18.5 to 71,9 kg/m2)]. In contrast, Spanish participants reported higher levels of weight bias internalization with increasing BMI, while in Egypt, this association was negative. The association of bariatric surgery on stigma reduction also differed between the countries. Multivariate analysis revealed that residing in Egypt was an independent risk factor for higher scores in AFA and WBIS (Odds Ratio 8.20 [95% confidence interval: 6.78 to 9.62], p<0.001 and OR 6.28 [95% CI: 4.78 to 7.78], p<0.001; respectively). In contrast, Spaniards experienced more stigmatizing situations than Egyptians [OR -2.54 (95% CI: 6.78 to 9.62), p<0.001]. CONCLUSION: Our study underscore the complex and diverse nature of obesity-related attitudes across cultures. Understanding these cultural differences is crucial for developing effective, culturally sensitive strategies to tackle weight stigma. This research opens avenues for further studies and interventions tailored to cultural contexts.

Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with schizophrenia are poorly understood. We aimed to analyze the effects of BS in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) or schizoaffective disorder (SZA). METHODS: This was a multicenter, retrospective case-control study in patients with SZ or SZA who had undergone BS in seven public referral hospitals in Spain. Controls without psychiatric comorbidity were selected in a 1:4 ratio. Detailed clinical and biochemical data were collected preoperatively and at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after BS. RESULTS: Twenty patients with SZ (n = 15; 75%) or SZA (n = 5; 25%) and 80 matched controls were studied. There were no differences between patients and controls concerning the evolution of the percentage of total weight loss. The remission rate of the main comorbidities was similar between groups except for hypertension, which was lower in patients with a psychotic disorder from year 3. There were no mortalities within 30 days of surgery in either group. The psychiatric medication burden did not change during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: BS is safe and effective in carefully selected patients with SZ. The course of the psychiatric disease does not seem to be worsened by the procedure.

[Changes in weight, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D in subjects with grade 3 and 4 obesity treated with liraglutide 3 mg]. / Cambios en el peso, la composición corporal, los parámetros metabólicos y la vitamina D en sujetos con obesidad de grado 3 y 4 tratados con liraglutida 3 mg.

INTRODUCTION: grade 3 and 4 obesity is a chronic and progressive disease. Liraglutide 3 mg could be an effective adjuvant therapy in these subjects. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate changes in weight loss, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels in subjects with grade 3 and 4 obesity treated for 8 months with liraglutide 3 mg. METHODS: a total of 67 subjects with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 had anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic parameters and vitamin D levels determined at baseline and after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide 3 mg. RESULTS: a significant reduction in weight, BMI and abdominal circumference was evident after 8 months of treatment with liraglutide (p < 0.001), with a mean percentage of weight loss of 13.04 % and a mean weight loss of 14.99 kg at the end of the intervention. The final body composition data showed a significant improvement in the percentage of fat and fat mass (kg) (p < 0.001). The average loss of muscle mass was 2.02 kg (p = 0.213). The healthy visceral fat index (VGI) (< 13) increased to 67.17 % (p < 0.001) at 8 months. There was a significant reduction in blood pressure (p < 0.001) and an improvement in the biochemical variables studied. There was a significant increase in 25-OH vitamin D (p < 0.001) at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with liraglutide was safe and effective in patients with obesity with a positive impact on weight loss, vitamin D levels and other cardiovascular risk factors.

Influence of obesity on blood glucose control using continuous glucose monitoring data among patients with type 1 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: The global increase in the prevalence rates of overweight or obesity has also affected patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), where this disease had traditionally been associated with a lean phenotype. On the other hand, the effect of obesity on new glycemic control metrics obtained from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in T1D is poorly understood. We wanted to assess whether there is any relationship between BMI (body mass index) and the different CGM metrics or HbA1c. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with T1D (47.1% ♀, mean age 42.9±14.7 years) with a CGM for a minimum of 6 months were analysed by downloading their CGM and collecting clinical and anthropometric variables. RESULTS: 35.1% (79/225) of the T1D patients had overweight and 17.3% (39/225) lived with obesity, while the remaining 47.6% had a normal weight. A negative correlation was found between GMI (glucose management indicator) and BMI (-0.2; p=0.008) and HbA1c (-0.2; p=0.01). In contrast, a positive correlation was observed between the total dose of insulin and the BMI (0.3; p<0.0001). No significant correlations were found between BMI and other CGM metrics. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight or obesity do not imply worse glycemic control in patients with T1D or less use of CGM. Possibly, and in order to achieve a good glycemic control, more units of insulin are necessary in these patients which, in turn, makes weight control more difficult.

Oral phytate supplementation on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, brain iron deposition and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a concept paper for a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial (the PHYND trial).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 10.5% in the adult population (20-79 years), and by 2045, the prevalence is expected to keep rising to one in eight adults living with diabetes. Mild cognitive impairment has a global prevalence of 19.7% in adults aged 50 years. Both conditions have shown a concerning increase in prevalence rates over the past 10 years, highlighting a growing public health challenge. Future forecasts indicate that the prevalence of dementia (no estimations done for individuals with mild cognitive impairment) is expected to nearly triple by 2050. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment, and such impairment increase the likelihood of poor glycemic/metabolic control. High phytate intake has been shown to be a protective factor against the development of cognitive impairment in observational studies. Diary phytate intake might reduce the micro- and macrovascular complications of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus through different mechanisms. We describe the protocol of the first trial (the PHYND trial) that evaluate the effect of daily phytate supplementation over 56 weeks with a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled study on the progression of mild cognitive impairment, cerebral iron deposition, and retinal involvement in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our hypothesis proposes that phytate, by inhibiting advanced glycation end product formation and chelating transition metals, will improve cognitive function and attenuate the progression from Mild Cognitive Impairment to dementia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, we predict that phytate will reduce iron accumulation in the central nervous system, mitigate neurodegenerative changes in both the central nervous system and retina, and induce alterations in biochemical markers associated with neurodegeneration.

Short-term effects of semaglutide among patients with obesity with and without food addiction: an observational study.

INTRODUCTION: Food addiction (FA) is highly prevalent among people with obesity (PwO) and may constitute a key factor in weight loss failure or weight regain. GLP-1 analogues have been shown to act on the mesolimbic system, which is related to hedonic overeating and substance abuse. We aimed to study the effects of low doses of semaglutide on FA symptomatology and to evaluate whether the presence of FA have a negative impact on weight loss despite treatment with semaglutide. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen PwO (45.5 ± 10.2 years) were evaluated anthropometrically baseline and after four months of treatment with semaglutide. PwO were evaluated for the presence of FA by completing The Spanish version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 questionnaire (YFAS 2.0). RESULTS: Baseline BMI and fat mass (%) were greater among PwO with FA (35.8 ± 4.5 vs 33 ± 3.9 kg/m2and 44.2 ± 6.5 vs 40.1 ± 7.9%; p = .01). After four months of treatment with semaglutide, the prevalence of FA diminished from 57.5% to 4.2% (p < .001). The percentage of weight loss (6.9 ± 12.7 vs 5.3 ± 4.6%; p = .4) and the proportion of fat mass loss (2 ± 9 vs 1.6 ± 3.1%; p = .7) were comparable between PwO with and without FA. No differences regarding side effects and treatment discontinuations were seen between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Semaglutide is an effective tool for the amelioration of FA symptomatology among PwO. Despite PwO with FA had greater basal BMI and fat mass, semaglutide showed similar results compared to PwO without FA in terms of weight and fat mass loss at short term.

Liraglutide for the treatment of obesity among patients with hidradenitis suppurativaLiraglutida en el tratamiento de la obesidad en pacientes con hidradenitis supurativa / Liraglutide for the treatment of obesity among patients with hidradenitis suppurativa Liraglutida en el tratamiento de la obesidad en pacientes con hidradenitis supurativa

Background and aims: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with obesity. Weight loss is frequently reflected in an amelioration in the severity of the lesions. Case reports have suggested that liraglutide might improve not only weight but also skin. We aimed to study the effects of liraglutide 3mg in patients with obesity and HS on metabolic and dermatological parameters. Methods: 14 patients started treatment with liraglutide for 3 months. Severity of the lesions was evaluated using the Hurley Staging System and quality of life with the DLQI (Dermatology Quality Index). Results: There was a significant reduction in BMI (39.3±6.2 vs 35.6±5.8; p=0.002), waist circumference (121.3±19.2 vs 110.6±18.1cm; p=0.01), CRP (4.5±2.2 vs 3±2.1mg/L; p=0.04), homocysteine (16.2±2.9 vs 13.3±3μmol/L; p=0.005) and plasma cortisol (15.9±4.8 vs 12.6±4.5μg/dL; p=0.007). Hurley (2.6±0.5 vs 1.1±0.3; p=0.002) and DLQI (12.3±2.8 vs 9.7±6.9; p=0.04) improved significantly. In multiple regression analysis, weight loss did not correlate with any inflammatory parameter or Hurley. Conclusions: Liraglutide 3mg is effective and safe among patients with HS and obesity. Long-term studies are mandatory to assess the effects of liraglutide on skin lesions and inflammatory markers among subjects with HS beyond weight loss.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos: La hidradenitis supurativa (HS) se asocia a la obesidad. La pérdida de peso frecuentemente comporta una mejora en la gravedad de las lesiones. Casos aislados han sugerido que la liraglutida podría mejorar no solo el peso sino también la piel. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar los efectos de liraglutida 3mg en pacientes con obesidad y HS sobre los parámetros metabólicos y dermatológicos. Métodos: Catorce pacientes iniciaron tratamiento con liraglutida durante 3meses. La gravedad de las lesiones se evaluó mediante la Escala de Hurley y la calidad de vida con el Dermatology Quality Index (DLQI). Resultados: Hubo una reducción significativa en el IMC (39,3±6,2 vs 35,6±5,8; p=0,002), la circunferencia de cintura (121,3±19,2 vs 110,6±18,1cm; p=0,01), la PCR (4,5±2,2 vs 3±2,1mg/l; p=0,04), la homocisteína (16,2±2,9 vs 13,3±3μmol/l; p=0,005) y el cortisol plasmático (15,9±4,8 vs 12,6±4,5μg/dl; p=0,007). El Hurley (2,6±0,5 vs 1,1±0,3; p=0,002) y la DLQI (12,3±2,8 vs 9,7±6,9; p=0,04) mejoraron significativamente. En el análisis de regresión múltiple, la pérdida de peso no se correlacionó con ningún parámetro inflamatorio ni con el Hurley. Conclusiones: Liraglutida 3mg es eficaz y segura en pacientes con HS y obesidad. Serán necesarios estudios a largo plazo para evaluar los efectos de la liraglutida sobre las lesiones cutáneas y los marcadores inflamatorios en la HS más allá de la pérdida de peso.(AU)

Effects of liraglutide among patients living with psoriasis and obesity / Efecto de liraglutida en pacientes con obesidad y psoriasis

Background and aims There is a bidirectional relationship between obesity and psoriasis. Liraglutide has been shown to improve the severity of psoriatic lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to study the effects of liraglutide 3mg in patients with obesity and psoriasis. Methods Twenty patients started treatment with liraglutide 3mg for 3 months. Severity of the lesions was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and the visual analogue scale of pain (VAS), and quality of life with the Dermatology Quality Index (DLQI). Results There was a significant reduction in BMI (38.9±5.8 vs. 36.4±5.6; p<0.001), CRP (4.5±2.4 vs. 3±2mg/L; p<0.01), homocysteine (13.3±3.6 vs. 11.9±3μmol/L; p<0.01), ferritin (185.4±142.2 vs. 97.43±114.4ng/mL; p=0.04) and plasma cortisol (12±3.1 vs. 11.6±2.2μg/dL, p=0.04). PASI (10±8.4 vs. 5.1±6; p<0.0001), VAS (4.1±2 vs. 2.3±0.92; p=0.009) and DLQI (12.7±7 vs. 6.4±5.6, p<0.0001) improved significantly. In multiple regression analysis, weight loss did not correlate with any inflammatory parameter or PASI. Conclusions Liraglutide 3mg for three months is effective and safe in reducing weight and improving psoriatic lesions among patients with psoriasis and obesity. Besides, there is an improvement in psoriatic lesions regardless of weight loss that deserves further studies (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivos Existe una relación bidireccional entre la obesidad y la psoriasis. Se ha demostrado que la liraglutida mejora la gravedad de las lesiones psoriásicas en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Nuestro objetivo fue estudiar los efectos de liraglutida 3mg en pacientes con obesidad y psoriasis. Métodos Veinte pacientes iniciaron tratamiento con liraglutida 3mg durante 3 meses. La gravedad de las lesiones se evaluó mediante el Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), la escala visual analógica (EVA), y la calidad de vida con el Dermatology Quality Index (DLQI). Resultados Se redujeron significativamente el IMC (38,9±5,8 vs. 36,4±5,6; p<0,001), PCR (4,5±2,4 vs. 3±2mg/l; p<0,01), homocisteína (13,3±3,6 vs. 11,9±3μmol/l; p<0,01), ferritina (185,4±142,2 vs. 97,43±114,4ng/ml; p=0,04) y cortisol plasmático (12±3,1 vs. 11,6±2,2μg/dl, p=0,04). PASI (10±8,4 vs. 5,1±6; p<0,0001), EVA (4,1±2 vs. 2,3±0,92; p=0,009) y DLQI (12,7±7 vs. 6,4±5,6, p<0,0001) mejoraron significativamente. En el análisis de regresión múltiple, la pérdida de peso no se correlacionó con ningún parámetro inflamatorio o PASI. Conclusiones Liraglutida a dosis de 3mg/día durante 3 meses es eficaz y segura en reducir el peso y mejorar las lesiones cutáneas de pacientes con obesidad y psoriasis. Se constata además una mejoría de las lesiones psoriásicas independiente de la pérdida de peso que merece estudios adicionales (AU)

Análogos de GLP1 en los pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad durante el confinamiento / GLP1 analogues among patients with overweight or obesity during lockdown

Antecedentes y objetivosUno de los potenciales efectos negativos de un confinamiento son los cambios en los patrones dietéticos y de estilo de vida, que pueden conllevar a una ganancia de peso. El objetivo fue ver los cambios sobre los hábitos higiénico-dietéticos y de patrones de ingesta en una situación de confinamiento y el impacto sobre el peso. Asimismo, ver si el estar bajo tratamiento con análogos de GLP1 (aGLP1) modificó estos parámetros.Material y métodosSe reclutó, de forma consecutiva, a 100 pacientes con sobrepeso/obesidad que acudieron a revisión al finalizar el confinamiento. Se diseñó una entrevista estructurada para ver los cambios en los hábitos dietéticos, rutinas y ejercicio.ResultadosEl 52% de los pacientes ganaron peso durante el confinamiento. El porcentaje de sujetos con historia activa de depresión o ansiedad fue superior entre el grupo de pacientes que ganó peso. El porcentaje de pacientes que empeoraron su hiperfagia ansiosa fue superior en aquellos que ganaron peso (71,2% vs. 10,6%; p<0,0001); lo mismo ocurrió con los atracones (92% vs. 10,6%; p<0,0001) y los cravings, dulces y salados (69,2% vs. 21,3% y 69,2% vs. 14,9%; p<0,0001 y p<0,0001, respectivamente). De los 48 pacientes que no ganaron peso, 30 estaban en tratamiento con aGLP1 (61,7%). El empeoramiento de los patrones anómalos de ingesta fue inferior entre los pacientes en tratamiento con aGLP-1.ConclusionesUn confinamiento es un período vulnerable para ganar peso, especialmente en aquellos pacientes con antecedentes psicopatológicos. Los aGLP1 consiguen controlar la ingesta emocional convirtiéndolos en una opción terapéutica valiosa.

Adrenal insufficiency and exogenous Cushing's syndrome in a patient receiving inhaled fluticasone and ritonavir / Insuficiencia adrenal y exógenos en un paciente con síndrome de down que recibe fluticasona inhalada y ritonavir

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Effects of depressive symptoms on clinical outcomes, inflammatory markers and quality of life after a significant weight loss in a bariatric surgery sample / Efectos de los síntomas depresivos sobre los parámetros clínicos, marcadores inflamatorios y calidad de vida en una muestra bariátrica tras una pérdida de peso significativa

Introduction: Obesity is linked to a low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that improves after weight loss. Depressive disorder has been suggested to be associated with systemic inflammation up regulation. Objective: We aimed to explore whether, after a significant weight loss, the presence of depressive symptoms was associated with differences in terms of inflammatory markers and quality of life. Methods: Sixty patients (78.3%♀, age 46.4 ± 9.9) who underwent bariatric surgery, with a minimum follow up of 18 months, were evaluated. For the screening of depression, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered. Results: Ten subjects (16.6%) had a positive screening for depressive disorder. The percentage of patients with weight regain was greater among subjects with symptoms of depression (70% vs. 32%; p = 0.024), although no differences were seen regarding BMI prior to surgery and current BMI. Acute phase reactants were higher among subjects with symptoms of depression: platelets (319 ± 15 x 10

Introducción: la obesidad se asocia a una inflamación crónica de bajo grado que mejora tras la pérdida de peso. El trastorno depresivo también se ha asociado a una inflamación sistémica. Objetivo: determinar si, tras una pérdida de peso significativa, la presencia de síntomas depresivos se asocia a diferencias en los marcadores inflamatorios y la calidad de vida. Métodos: sesenta pacientes (78,3% ♀, edad 46,4 ± 9.9) sometidos a cirugía bariátrica, con un seguimiento mínimo de 18 meses, fueron evaluados. Se autoadministró el test de depresión de Beck (BDI) para el screening de depresión. Resultados: diez sujetos (16,6%) tenían un screening positivo para depresión. El porcentaje de pacientes que ganaron peso fue superior en el grupo de pacientes con síntomas depresivos (70% vs. 32%; p = 0,024), aunque no se evidenciaron diferencias en cuanto al IMC antes de la cirugía ni al IMC actual. Los reactantes de fase aguda fueron mayores entre los sujetos con síntomas depresivos: plaquetas (319 ± 15 x 10

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y diabetes mellitus / Eating disorders and diabetes mellitus

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Are subjects with criteria for adult attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder doing worse after bariatric surgery? A case-control study / ¿Tienen peores resultados los individuos con criterios para trastorno por déficit de atención/ hiperactividad tras la cirugía bariátrica? Estudio de casos y controles

Introduction: There is an increasing awareness of the strong associations between obesity and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with high rates of ADHD (26-61%) in patients seeking weight loss. Aims: To determine the frequency of ADHD in a bariatric surgery (BS) sample and investigate whether there were any differences among clinical, analytical and psychological parameters in individuals with criteria for ADHD. Methods: Sixty patients (78.3% female, age 46.3±9.8, months since BS 46.28±18.1) who underwent BS, with a minimum follow-up of 18 months, were evaluated cross-sectionally. Initial and current BMI, eating patterns, comorbidity, socio-demographic and biochemical parameters were recorded. For the screening of ADHD, ADHD self rating scale-v1.1 was administered. Results: Nineteen individuals (31.6%) had a positive screening for ADHD. This group had higher levels of HDL-cholesterol (62.8±17.3mg/dl vs 53.5±9.9mg/dl; p=0.011) and Apo-A (177.7±28.4mg/dl vs 154.9±34.7mg/ dl; p=0.015), and an increased consumption of lipids (42.2±7.1% vs 36.7±8.3%; p=0.019). Subjects with ADHD symptoms had more difficulties in following visits after BS (52.6% vs 24.3%; p= 0.011).We could not find any differences in achieved BMI, depressive symptoms or quality of life. Conclusions: Patients who met criteria for ADHD face significant difficulties with compliance in follow-up, but we could not find differences in major clinical outcomes. Surprisingly, these patients could have a protective lipid profile (AU)

Introducción: Hay una creciente concienciación de la fuerte asociación entre la obesidad y el trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad del adulto (TDAH), con elevadas tasas de TDAH (26-61%) en los pacientes que consultan por pérdida ponderal. Objetivos: conocer la frecuencia del TDAH en una muestra de sujetos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica (CB) e investigar si existen diferencias clínicas, analíticas y psicológicas en estos sujetos. Métodos: Sesenta pacientes (78.3% mujeres, edad 46.3±9.8, meses desde la CB 46.28±18.1) sometidos a CB, con un seguimiento mínimo desde ésta de 18 meses, fueron evaluados transversalmente. Se recogieron y analizaron el IMC inicial y en el momento de la evaluación, patrones alimentarios, comorbilidades, y parámetros sociodemográficos y bioquímicos. Para el screening del TDAH se administró la versión española del 'ADHD self-rating scale v 1.1'. Resultados: Diecinueve individuos (31.6%) tenían un screening positivo para TDAH. Estos sujetos tenían niveles superiores de HDL colesterol (62.8±17.3mg/dl vs 53.5±9.9mg/dl; p=0.011) y Apo-A (177.7±28.4mg/dl vs 154.9±34.7mg/dl; p=0.015), y un consumo mayor de lípidos en la dieta (42.2±7.1% vs 36.7±8.3%; p=0.019). Estos sujetos tenían más dificultades en seguir las visitas protocolizadas tras la CB (52.6% vs 24.3%; p= 0.011). No se evidenciaron diferencias en el IMC alcanzado, síntomas depresivos o calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Los pacientes sometidos a CB con criterios para TDAH presentan más dificultades en la adherencia al seguimiento, pero no se evidenciaron diferencias en resultados clínicos relevantes. Curiosamente, estos sujetos podrían presentar un perfil lipídico protector (AU)

Absceso epidural espinal en un paciente diabético / Spinal epidural abscess in a diabetic patient

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Diabetes mellitus y trastorno depresivo, un mal binomio / Diabetes mellitus and depressive disorder, an undesirable association

La diabetes tipo 2 y el trastorno depresivo son 2 enfermedades crónicas con una alta prevalencia en los países desarrollados, y con un impacto negativo sobre la calidad y la esperanza de vida. En los últimos años se ha demostrado que ambas entidades se hallan fuertemente asociadas, existiendo un mayor riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno depresivo entre la población diabética, así como de presentar alteraciones en la homeostasis de la glucosa si existe un síndrome depresivo. La coexistencia de una depresión en los pacientes diabéticos condiciona una mayor dificultad en el manejo de la enfermedad y en el control metabólico, un riesgo incrementado de desarrollar complicaciones crónicas, una disminución de la calidad de vida y un aumento del gasto sanitario. Ello ha suscitado el interés de las sociedades científicas, que ya aconsejan evaluar periódicamente el estado de ánimo. Sin embargo, la escasa experiencia a nivel clínico y los resultados contradictorios a nivel científico hacen que la elaboración de conclusiones resulte prematura (AU)

Type 2 diabetes and depressive disorder are 2 chronic diseases highly prevalent in developed countries and with a negative impact on quality of life and life expectancy. In recent years, both conditions have been shown to be strongly associated. Thus, diabetics have an increased risk of suffering depressive disorder, as well as impaired glucose homeostasis, if they experience depression. In diabetic patients, concurrent depression is associated to greater difficulties in disease management and metabolic control, increased risk of developing chronic complications, decreased quality of life, and higher healthcare expenses. As a result, the interest of diabetic scientific societies in this association has increased, and they recommend regular mood assessment in diabetic patients. However, the limited clinical experience available and the conflicting results reported to date make it difficult to draw conclusions (AU)

Diabetes mellitus diagnosticada en el adulto joven. Diferencias clínicas entre MODY-3 y diabetes mellitus de tipo 2 / Young adult onset diabetes mellitus. Clinical differences between MODY-3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fundamento y objetivo: Nuestro propósito ha sido evaluar las características clínicas y metabólicas de la diabetes tipo 2 diagnosticada en el adulto joven (DAJ) y de aquélla debida a mutaciones en el factor nuclear hepático 1* (HNF-1*). Pacientes y método: Se incluyó en el estudio a 8 pacientes (3 mujeres) con MODY-3 diagnosticada entre los 25 y los 45 años. Emparejados por sexo y edad en el momento del diagnóstico, se seleccionó a 16 pacientes (6 mujeres) con DAJ (2 DAJ/1 MODY-3). Se recogieron datos clínicos, antropométricos y analíticos, entre éstos, la determinación de proteína C reactiva. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en la edad, en la duración de la enfermedad ni en la presencia de antecedentes familiares de diabetes entre los 2 grupos. Los pacientes con MODY-3 presentaban un menor índice de masa corporal ­media (desviación estándar) de 24 (3) frente a 31 (4) kg/m2; p = 0,000­ y en menor proporción tenían antecedentes de hipertensión arterial y recibían tratamiento con insulina. Las cifras de colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad eran superiores ­50 (4) frente a 43 (2) mg/dl; p = 0,000­ en los pacientes con MODY-3, y las de hemoglobina glucosilada ­7,1% (1,0%) frente a 8,2 (1,2%); p = 0,036­, triglicéridos ­147 (17) frente a 184 (20) mg/dl; p = 0,000­ y proteína C reactiva ­0,6 (0,2) frente a 1,7 (0,6) mg/l; p = 0,000­, inferiores. Conclusiones: La presencia de datos clínicos relacionados con el síndrome metabólico ayuda a diferenciar a los sujetos con diabetes debida a mutaciones en HNF-1* de aquellos con DAJ

Background and objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of type 2 diabetes diagnosed in young adults (T2DYA) and in subjects with mutations in HNF-1* gene. Patients and method: We included 8 subjects diagnosed of MODY-3 (3 women) at ages 25-45. They were matched (1/2) by gender and age of diagnosis with 16 (6 women) T2DYA. Clinical and metabolic characteristics, as well as C-reactive protein levels, were evaluated. Results: There were not differences in terms of age, disease duration and family history of type 2 diabetes. MODY-3 subjects had a lower body mass index ­24 (3) vs. 31 (4) kg/m2; P = .000­ and in a lower proportion they had hypertension and required insulin treatment. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol value was higher ­50 (4) vs. 43 (2) mg/dl; P = .000) and HbA1c ­7.1% (1,0%) vs. 8.2% (1,2%); P = .036­, triglycerides ­147 (17) vs. 184 (20) mg/dl; P = .000­ and C-reactive protein ­0.6 (0,2) vs. 1.7 (0,6) mg/l; P = .000­ levels were lower in subjects with MODY-3. Conclusions: The presence of clinical and metabolic features related to metabolic syndrome could be of help in order to differentiate between T2DYA and diabetes due to mutations in HNF-1*