RESUMO
We revealed a relationship between water balance and LPO in the myocardium, liver, and blood plasma during massive blood loss and irradiation with He-Ne laser. Low-intensity laser irradiation of the plasma inhibits LPO and normalizes water balance in rat tissues during massive blood loss.
Assuntos
Hemorragia , Lasers , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/efeitos da radiação , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Plasma/efeitos da radiação , Água , Animais , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Plasma/metabolismo , Radiação , Ratos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Different forms of water content were studied in myocardium and liver of male rats at 2-h hypotension and during the early postreanimation period. The phenomenon of redistribution of free and bound water was found. Comparison of water balance during the postreanimation period in the myocardium and liver revealed that normalization of different forms of water occured in myocardium. In hepatocytes oedema remained over the whole period studied.
Assuntos
Água Corporal/metabolismo , Hemorragia/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ressuscitação , Animais , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Hemorragia/patologia , Hepatócitos/patologia , Hipotensão/metabolismo , Hipotensão/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Equilíbrio HidroeletrolíticoRESUMO
Rearrangement of intra- and intermolecular bonds in collagen molecule, disaggregation of proteoglycans and their elimination from cartilage involved in osteoarthrosis are responsible for water accumulation and its increased mobility in cartilage.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Cartilagem/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Água/química , Cromatografia em Gel , Colágeno/metabolismo , Fêmur/metabolismo , Guanidina/farmacologia , Humanos , Hidrolases/metabolismo , Proteoglicanas/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Ácidos Urônicos/farmacologia , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
We compared the contents of collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and various forms of water in the surface layer and whole tissue of joint cartilages of different localization. It was found that the surface layer is characterized by reduced content of glycosaminoglycans compared to the whole tissue and higher water-holding capacity due high content of bound water.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Articulações/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Cartilagem Articular/química , Colágeno/análise , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Humanos , Articulações/anatomia & histologia , Articulações/químicaRESUMO
The stability of collagen molecules and moisture capacity of human normal and osteoarthrotic (OA) cartilage were studied before and after extraction of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by 4M guanidinum chloride. The content and nature of water were determined by Fisher titration, DSC and analysis of sorbtion-desorbtion processes of water vapour in cartilage. The stability of collagen molecules was determined by the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis: collagenase, pronase and pepsin. It was found that weakening of bonds between main compounds of the cartilage matrix and decrease of GAG quantities in the OA cartilage were accompanied by structural disorganization of the collagen network, which is manifested by breakdowns of intramolecular bonds in telopeptides and intermolecular bonds in the spiral part of collagen molecules, these changes may contribute to increase of total water in OA cartilage. The correlation of free and bound water fractions in cartilage was increased from 5 to 44 in OA cartilage. These results can be used as a criterion of pathological condition of human articular cartilage.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/química , Colágeno/química , Osteoartrite/patologia , Água/química , Adulto , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The content of different forms of tissue water was studied in the normal articular cartilage and osteoarthrosis cartilage and its structural components: collagen, potassium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitinsulphate and its complexes. In the components of cartilage matrix a few of fractions of bound water different in the strength of binding are present. At the maximal humidity, all water in collagen binds with the active groups of biopolymers and in the glycosaminoglycans, in addition to bound water, are present, two crystal forms of freezing water (free water) at least. The quantity of free water in the collagen-chondroitin sulphat membrane, is increased with the increase of chondroitin sulphate. In the collagen-hyaluronate complex, fraction of free water is found only at the low concentration of hyaluronate kalium. It was shown that in the hyalin cartilage, in different from the other connective tissue (skin, achilles tendon), the most part of water is free water and its quantity is increased in the osteoarthrosis. It is supposed that the rearrangement of binding and free-water fractions in the osteoarthrosis is the result of deficiency of hyaluronic acid and therefore this may be regarded in the improvement of methods of treatment. This scientific and methodical approach allow to receive information on the forms and binding energy of water in the biological tissues, which is absorbed from fluids and steam phase and determine characters of the pathological changes.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/metabolismo , Hialina/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Água/metabolismo , Adulto , Transporte Biológico , Água Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , HumanosAssuntos
Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicosídeos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Esteroides/farmacologia , Animais , DNA/biossíntese , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Glicosídeos/toxicidade , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Orquiectomia , Biossíntese de Proteínas , RNA/biossíntese , Ratos , Esteroides/toxicidadeRESUMO
Outbreaks of diseases caused by toxic waste discharge took place in some cities where microbiological and petrochemical plants are located. The diseases manifested clinically with pulmonary edemas, irritative and intoxication syndromes and affected only subjects with chronic nonspecific lesions of the lungs. A hypophysis on bronchial asthma outbreaks secondary to paprin discharges in the atmosphere by microbiological plants was not confirmed.
Assuntos
Indústria Química , Exposição Ambiental , Resíduos Industriais , Indústrias , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Microbiologia , Petróleo , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias/induzido quimicamente , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Masculino , Sibéria , População UrbanaRESUMO
The effect of ionizing radiation (gamma-irradiation of 60Co, doses from 10 Gy to 15 kGy) on human muscle tissue was studied using a biopsy material. Destructive alterations in muscle proteins were observed beginning from the dose of 1.0 kGy: appearance of new protein fractions with molecular mass 68-160 kDa and 18-36 kDa. Resistance of muscle proteins to the trypsin effect was unaltered, while the rate of pronase-induced hydrolysis was slightly increased, about 1.2-fold. Content of water and biomechanical properties of the tissue were unaltered, but the modulus of elasticity was decreased approximately 3-fold after treatment with maximal doses of the ionizing radiation used.
Assuntos
Músculos/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Humanos , Hidrólise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Proteínas Musculares/efeitos da radiação , Músculos/fisiologia , Doses de RadiaçãoRESUMO
The state of water in a muscle tissue was investigated using 1H-NMR. Water spectra in the muscle were found after holding it out at variable humidity and after the muscle species had been pressed with different effort. The NMR-spectra demonstrated the existence of two different water fractions with poor exchange between them. One of them was associated with structured water in the sarcoplasm connected with the contractile proteins. The second fraction was related with the myoplasm. The absorption isotherms for two fractions of water were observed.
Assuntos
Músculos/química , Água/química , Idoso , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PrótonsRESUMO
In the experiments in vitro we studied the influence of the process of disorganization of the carbohydrate-protein complexes of the ground substance on the structure, water content and biomechanical properties of the human hyaline cartilage. It was shown that the disorganization process of the cartilage ground substance and the subsequent removal of the formed products resulted in the increasing porosity of the cartilaginous tissue. This is expressed in the exposure of the fibrillar frame of the cartilage and formation of cavities of various volumes between its elements. The mentioned changes of the cartilage structure are followed by the reduction of the amount of monomolecular-bound water and simultaneous increase in swelling in water and water vapor sorption at maximal relative humidity. The removal of about 25% of glycosaminoglycanes of the ground substance resulted in the reduction of the rigidity of the cartilagenous tissue, and the increase in the residual deformation. The examination of the hyaline cartilage did not reveal any interrelation between the contents of proteoglycanes and the water content of the cartilagenous tissue.
Assuntos
Cartilagem/ultraestrutura , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Hialina/citologia , Proteoglicanas/análise , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Água Corporal/química , Cartilagem/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Glicosaminoglicanos/química , Humanos , Hialina/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteoglicanas/químicaRESUMO
Comparative studies of head hair obtained from europeoid and negroid people showed no difference in water and sulfur content, resistance to temperature exposure and alkaline solution as well as in electrophoretic distribution of keratin proteins. At the same time values of rupture loads and extension as well as value of curl elasticity of negroid people's hair surpass substantially the same characteristics of europeoid people's hair.
Assuntos
População Negra , Cabelo , População Branca , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Eletroforese , Humanos , Queratinas/análiseRESUMO
In studying the effect of ionizing radiation on the properties of human Achilles tendon collagen fibres, the following parameters were analyzed: hydrothermal contraction temperature, module of elasticity, the number of cross-links, free and bound water levels, acids-soluble fraction content, and ultrastructure. With radiation doses of 2-10 Gy no changes in the collagen status were noted. An increased (from 5 to 25 Gy) radiation dose caused changes in physicochemical properties which was indicative of the formation, in the connective tissue collagen, of radiation-induced intermolecular cross-links stabilizing the biopolymer structure.
Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo/efeitos da radiação , Colágeno/efeitos da radiação , Tendão do Calcâneo/análise , Tendão do Calcâneo/ultraestrutura , Adulto , Idoso , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Raios gama , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Envelhecimento , Água Corporal/metabolismo , Pele/anatomia & histologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cadáver , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Elasticidade , Radicais Livres , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reologia , Pele/metabolismoRESUMO
Water in human Achilles tendon was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It was shown that in the postmortem period there takes place a redistribution of free and bound water. The quantity of free freezing water in the tissue increases, whereas that of bound unfreezing water diminishes. The data obtained can be used for organ and tissue conservation and in forensic studies.
Assuntos
Colágeno/análise , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Água/análise , Tendão do Calcâneo/análise , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as physicochemical research methods were used to study the structure and characteristics of the tendon collagen complex during enzymatic distintegration of basal substance of connective tissue. Disintegration of basal substance was shown to be accompanied by substantial derangement of the microstructure of collagen fibers and to entail changes in the modulus of elasticity and residual deformation of the collagen complex with its ability to hydration in a aqueous medium to be increased. The physiochemical and rheological characteristics of the collagen complex were found to be affected to a considerable degree by structural changes occurring in collagen fibers. These changes consist in the formation of a retiform structure containing numerous macrospores.
Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo/ultraestrutura , Colágeno , Tendão do Calcâneo/análise , Adulto , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Elasticidade , Hexosaminas/análise , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Temperatura , Água/análiseRESUMO
Alterations in physico-chemical properties and in content of several biochemical components were found in skin during postmortal storage of the tissue at the temperature 22 degrees and 5 degrees and relative moisture 92%. Within 96-120 hrs of the postmortal storage a decrease in content of hydrate-bound water and of glycosaminoglycans occurred in the tissue. The alterations were accompanied by an increase in temperature of hydrothermic denaturation and in module of elasticity of the skin. As a result of autolysis solubility of collagen in water was increased at 65 degrees and its acid soluble fractions tended to become denatured although the content of hydroxyproline was unaltered. The processes occurring in the skin within the first period after death, might be considered as a two-step sequence: formation of additional interstructural hydrogen bonds and structure transformation of both collagen and glycosaminoglycans due to the effect of proteinases.
Assuntos
Pele/patologia , Idoso , Animais , Água Corporal/análise , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Humanos , Cinética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Ratos , Pele/análise , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
It was shown that the mechano-structural strength and swelling of gels consisting of gelatine and potassium hyaluronate (PH) or potassium protein-chondroitin-4-sulphate (PPCS) depended on the correlation of the components. Low PH and PPCS concentrations showed a minimal mechano-structural strength and a maximal swelling of gels. In the zones of neutralization of the positive electrical charges of gelatine by macropolyanions a high mechano-structural strength coincided with a minimal swelling. With high PH concentrations the mechano-structural strength and swelling of gels became equal to those of pure gelatine; and with high PPCS concentrations there was noted an additional parallel increase in the strength and swelling of gels.