[Hyperuricemia and disorders in content of amino acids-purine precursors in patients with autoimmune diseases and gout].

Patients with system lupus erythematosus, rheumatic arthritis, chronic active hepatitis and gout were found to have considerable hyperuricemia and be decreased in aminoacides content, which are the predecessors of purine. Hyperactivity of xanthineoxidase and POL content were also revealed. The close correlation relation of purine indices of such patients has been observed. The obtained data allow applying methods of correction of immunity system and purine metabolism to these patients by introducing in a complex therapy inhibitors of xanthineoxidase.

[Disfunction of thyroid gland at experimental hyperuricemia].

Thyroid gland function was investigated in rats with experimental hyperuricemia. Data obtained indicate that dyshormonal changes are secondary ones and their development depends on the state of purine metabolism. Administration of allopyrinol, an uric acid depressant drug, improved thyroid gland function.

[The blood level of nitric oxide metabolites in experimental autoimmune disease during immunosuppressive therapy]. / Uroven' metabolitov oksida azota v krovi pri éksperimental'nom autoimmunnom zabolevanii v protsesse immunodepressivnoi terapii.

Experimental autoimmune disease causes a drastic increase in the production of nitric oxide metabolites. The latter correlate with the indices of autoimmunity expression, with the levels of cyclic nucleotides, with the severity of morphological impairment of the structures of immunocompetent organs. The use of immunosuppressive agents in the pathogenetic therapy of an autoimmune process normalizes both the blood levels of nitrites/nitrates and immunological parameters; this reflects a clear-cut relationship between the synthesis of nitric oxide and the immune response of the body.

[Features of immune disorders in miners who took part in cleaning up after the accident at Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station]. / Osobennosti narusheniia immuniteta u gornorabochikh, preinimavshikh uchastie v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii ha ChAES.

The condition was studied of the immune and nervous system in 72 miners who took part in the elimination of the aftermaths of the Chernobyl accident and in 30 miners of the control group. Ascertained in the miners-liquidators was the presence of imbalance of T-cells of the immune system and disorder of the humoral immunity. The patients displayed changes in the blood content of sodium, increased concentrations of iron, zink, and lead, and diminished amounts of cuprum. In this group pathology of the vegetative nervous system, vascular and vestibular abnormalities were found with high frequency. The findings secured attest to the need for taking account of particular features of disordered immunity, abnormalities of metabolism and nervous regulation in instituting a complex therapy in miners-liquidators.

[The characteristics of the disorders of the immune status in gout patients]. / Osobennosti narushenii immunnogo statusa u bol'nykh podagroi.

An analysis was made of some immunological indices in patients with podagra. It was established that women showed a more pronounced reduction of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and their functional activity in tests with phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin as well as a deficit of B-lymphocytes, hyperproduction of C-immunoglobulin and antibodies to DNA in the blood serum. Males showed an increased level of B-lymphocytes. M-immunoglobulin and antirenal antibody titers. The concentration of circulating immune complexes in the blood rose equally independent of age.

[The efficacy of the allopurinol treatment of patients with gouty nephropathy]. / Effektivnost' lecheniia allopurinolom bol'nykh podagricheskoi nefropatiei.

The efficacy was studied of using allopurinol in 68 patients with primary podagra. The obtained results were compared with the treatment of 118 other patients who received similar treatment but without allopurinol (zanthinoxidase inhibitor). Allopurinol increased essentially the efficacy of therapeutic measures though positive dynamics concerning the renal process was achieved in 1/3 of patients.

[The immunological indices in different types of gouty nephropathy and the degree of renal structure involvement]. / Immunologicheskie pokazateli pri razlichnykh tipakh podagricheskoi nefropatii i stepeni porazheniia pochechnykh struktur.

Patients with different types of podagric nephropathy were examined for 21 indicators of the functional activity of T and B lymphocytes and neutrophils. The data obtained were compared to the degree of impairment of the basic renal structures. Among the study immunologic indicators to estimate the gravity of morphological alterations in the glomeruli, the decrease of the titers of antibodies to DNA is of definite specificity, whereas the fall of the concentration of circulating immune complexes is of definite specificity in the assessment of alteration in the stroma.

[Effect of allopurinol on the indicators of immunity in podagra and experimental hyperuricemia]. / Vliianie allopurinola na pokazateli immuniteta pri podagre i éksperimental'noi giperurikemii.

The authors studied the immunity indices in patients with gout against the background of a long-term (one year) therapy with allopurinol, and in animals with experimental hyperuricemia. During treatment the authors observed normalization of blood immunoglobulin M level, a considerable decrease in circulating immune complexes and anti-renal antibodies, a tendency to a rise in the function of T-lymphocytes, great enhancement of the activity of polymorphonuclear phagocytes in tests with Staphylococci and nitro-blue tetrazolium. Mechanisms of action of the given drug are discussed.

[Chromosome aberration levels and their dynamics during the treatment with cytotoxic preparations of patients with primary and lupus glomerulonephritis]. / Urovni aberratsii khromosom i ikh dinamika pri lechenii preparatami tsitotoksicheskogo deistviia u bol'nykh pervichnym i volchanochnym glomerulonefritom.

As many as 96 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and 25 with lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) were examined for chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in different clinical variants and morphological forms of CGN and LGN as well as for their dynamics under the influence of cytotoxic drugs. In patients with active CGN and LGN, chromosomal instability may develop. The treatment with cyclophosphamide in a dose of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg/day appreciably increases chromosomal instability the level of which rises progressively with the treatment period increase. The treatment with azathioprine in a dose of 1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day is not associated with a noticeable increment of the rate of CA. The studies of the level of CA can be used for estimating CGN and LGN activity. Chronic renal failure did not change the level of CA either in CGN or in LGN. In different morphological forms of glomerulonephritis, the rate of CA was determined by the clinical variant of the disease. In order to reduce potential complications provoked by the treatment with cytotoxic drugs, dynamic studies of the CA rate should be carried out in addition to the conventional tests.

[Chromosome aberrations in chronic and lupus glomerulonephritis ]. / Aberratsii khromosom pri khronicheskom i volchanochnom glomerulonefrite.

The levels of aberration of chromosomes in peripheral blood leucocytes were investigated in patients with chronic and lupoid glomerulonephritis considering the clinical variants and morphological forms of the disease. In chronic glomerulonephritis high levels of chromosome aberration were found in patients with nephrotic type; in lupoid glomerulonephritis the frequency of chromosome aberration was higher in patients with active glomerulonephritis. Chronic renal failure did not essentially change the level of chromosome aberration both in chronic and lupoid glomerulonephritis. In different morphological forms of glomerulonephritis the frequency of chromosome aberration was determined by the clinical variant of the disease.

[The treatment results in patients with gouty nephropathy]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia bol'nykh podagricheskoi nefropatiei.

The efficacy of isolated and combined treatment of renal lesions sallopurionol (milurit), potassium orotate, azathioprin (6-mercaptopurin) was studied in 207 inpatients with primary podagra. Citrate mixtures, urinary antiseptic and hypotensive agents were used when indicated. Follow-up results from 1 to 12 years are analyzed. Prolonged systematic complex treatment of podagric nephropathy is medically and economically effective.

[Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid antibodies in podagra]. / Antitela k dezoksiribonukleinovoi kislote pri podagre.

Antibodies to native (n) and denatured (d) DNA were studied in 70 patients with primary gout and 40 experimental animals with hyperuricemia. Titres of anti-nDNA in patients with gout considerably exceeded similar indices in donors and were in inverse relationship with the severity of arthritis and markedness of morphological manifestations of renal affection. Anti-nDNA directly correlated with the count of B-lymphocytes in the blood and indirectly with other immunological indices. Anti-dDNA directly correlated with the count of B-cells, reaction of lymphocytes to Kon-A and the titres of antirenal antibodies but were in inverse relationship with the content of uric acid and IgG in the blood serum. Long-term feeding of rats with yeast autolysate with ammonium molybdate and inosine was accompanied by the development of hyperuricemia, an abrupt drop in the level of DNA in the plasma and by a rise in the level of anti-DNA antibodies.

[Hyperuricemia as a risk factor of nephropathy in gout]. / Giperurikemiia kak faktor riska nefropatii pri podagre.

Among 196 patients with primary gout examined in hospital or earlier stable or transient hyperuricemia was noted in 160 (81.6%). These patients were entered into the study group. The control group included 36 persons in whom the level of blood uric acid did not exceed normal values. The familial pattern of disease was established in the patients of the study group. Urolithic, proteinuric and hypertensive types of nephropathy as well as chronic renal insufficiency were more frequently observed in hyperuricemia patients. Alongside with severe tubular, interstitial and vascular changes, glomeruli in the form of mesangioproliferative or mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis were regularly involved in the pathological process. In the rest of the patients vascular lesions were less marked and less frequent, renal glomerular changes reminded the picture of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis only; urolithiasis in them took a more favorable course. Thus, a high level of blood uric acid is one of the risk factors of renal affection in gout determining in many ways prognosis of disease.