Synthesis, In silico mapping for anti-cancer proviso, hardness studies of d-gluconic acid monohydrate crystals for usage in electronic, mechanical and biological sectors.

d-Gluconic acid monohydrate - DGAMH crystals are grown in a period of 61 days by using the customary slow evaporation method with a, b and c as 8.4309, 5.409 and 10.4071 in Å units; ß as 96.87°; monoclinic system, space group as P21. The material is an anticancer stipulation to inhibit them with the docked score of the DGAMH as -6.0 and -7.1 for both cases. Considering the mechanic behaviour of the DGAMH; the n as 7.57 of the DGAMH - work hardening coefficient value as Reverse ISE (indentation size effect) response for DGAMH. The computational structural info of DGAMH provides the supercell proviso, VanderWaal's impact with the nano-tubular proviso of DGAMH for cell impacting, weak type of interactions and devices with nano-tube impact. The electronic fluxing is in microns for macro-DGAMH; micro-DGAMH; thin-film DGAMH and nano-DGAMH for filtering property confirmations. The frequency by IC741 is twice over the input values with DGAMH crystal.

Self-Pierce Riveting: Development and Assessment for Joining Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures in Lightweight Automotive Applications.

In recent years, the transportation industry has faced the challenge of cutting costs, meeting increasingly stringent environmental regulations, and significantly increasing transportation volumes. One approach to meeting these challenges is to develop new, improved transportation vehicles using new materials and innovative joining techniques. Multi-material structures are becoming an alternative to body parts. Self-pierce riveting technology plays a crucial role in this process, and hybrid structures depend exclusively on it. In this article, recent advances in self-pierce riveting technology are analyzed to meet today's challenges and future multi-material applications.

Synthesis, physical, chemical, biological, mechanical and electronic studies of polypyrrole (PPy) of versatile scales for electro-mechano, pharmaceutical utilities.

The Polypyrrole is properly synthesized with the customary ammonium persulphate as an oxidizing agent. The number of reactions for versatile molar ratios (oxidant: monomer) is addressed and pronounced. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the material amorphous nature by wide peak from 20° to 30°. As the molar ratio is changed, the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrum shows the substantiation of functional groups and peaks are shifted for each specimen slightly. UV-visible spectral study shows a major peak at 320 nm, for typical π-π* transitions. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) study confirmed the agglomerated polypyrrole sample for the surface morphological periphery. It is enabled for electronic filter influx property with versatile macro scale in microns as 3.7874, Polypyrrole is tried for electronic filters as the influx in microns of different scales. Hardness profile for RISE effectiveness and in the biomedical sector as a better anti-diabetic agent by IC-50 values. The hardness value for Vicker's scale of 100 g is 97.9 kg/mm2.

Sustainable Bioplastics for Food Packaging Produced from Renewable Natural Sources.

It is crucial to find an effective, environmentally acceptable solution, such as bioplastics or biodegradable plastics, to the world's rising plastics demand and the resulting ecological destruction. This study has focused on the environmentally friendly production of bioplastic samples derived from corn starch, rice starch, and tapioca starch, with various calcium carbonate filler concentrations as binders. Two different plasticizers, glycerol and sorbitol, were employed singly and in a rich blend. To test the differences in the physical and chemical properties (water content, absorption of moisture, water solubility, dissolution rate in alcohol, biodegradation in soil, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and FT-IR) of the produced samples, nine samples from each of the three types of bioplastics were produced using various ratios and blends of the fillers and plasticizers. The produced bioplastic samples have a multitude of features that make them appropriate for a variety of applications. The test results show that the starch-based bioplastics that have been suggested would be a better alternative material to be used in the packaging sectors.

Updates on Biogenic Metallic and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Therapy, Drug Delivery and Cytotoxicity.

The ambition to combat the issues affecting the environment and human health triggers the development of biosynthesis that incorporates the production of natural compounds by living organisms via eco-friendly nano assembly. Biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) have various pharmaceutical applications, such as tumoricidal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobials, antiviral, etc. When combined, bio-nanotechnology and drug delivery give rise to the development of various pharmaceutics with site-specific biomedical applications. In this review, we have attempted to summarize in brief the types of renewable biological systems used for the biosynthesis of metallic and metal oxide NPs and the vital contribution of biogenic NPs as pharmaceutics and drug carriers simultaneously. The biosystem used for nano assembly further affects the morphology, size, shape, and structure of the produced nanomaterial. The toxicity of the biogenic NPs, because of their pharmacokinetic behavior in vitro and in vivo, is also discussed, together with some recent achievements towards enhanced biocompatibility, bioavailability, and reduced side effects. Because of the large biodiversity, the potential biomedical application of metal NPs produced via natural extracts in biogenic nanomedicine is yet to be explored.

Updates on Responsive Drug Delivery Based on Liposome Vehicles for Cancer Treatment.

Liposomes are well-known nanoparticles with a non-toxic nature and the ability to incorporate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs simultaneously. As modern drug delivery formulations are produced by emerging technologies, numerous advantages of liposomal drug delivery systems over conventional liposomes or free drug treatment of cancer have been reported. Recently, liposome nanocarriers have exhibited high drug loading capacity, drug protection, improved bioavailability, enhanced intercellular delivery, and better therapeutic effect because of resounding success in targeting delivery. The site targeting of smart responsive liposomes, achieved through changes in their physicochemical and morphological properties, allows for the controlled release of active compounds under certain endogenous or exogenous stimuli. In that way, the multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for the drug delivery of cancer therapeutics enhance the efficacy of treatment prevention and fighting over metastases, while limiting the systemic side effects on healthy tissues and organs. Since liposomes constitute promising nanocarriers for site-targeted and controlled anticancer drug release, this review focuses on the recent progress of smart liposome achievements for anticancer drug delivery applications.

Perspective on the Therapeutic Applications of Algal Polysaccharides.

Abstract: Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused interest in the health sector owing to the various bioactivities namely anticancer, antiviral, immunoregulation, antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. The research community has comprehensively described the importance of algal polysaccharides regarding their extraction, purification, and potential use in various sectors. However, regardless of all the intriguing properties and potency in the health sector, these algal polysaccharides deserve detailed investigation. Hence, the present review emphasizes extensively on the previous and latest developments in the extraction, purification, structural properties and therapeutic bioactivities of algal polysaccharides to upgrade the knowledge for further advancement in this area of research. Moreover, the review also addresses the challenges, prospective research gaps and future perspective. We believe this review can provide a boost to upgrade the traditional methods of algal polysaccharide production for the development of efficacious drugs that will promote human welfare.

Advances in Multifunctional Bioactive Coatings for Metallic Bone Implants.

To fix the bone in orthopedics, it is almost always necessary to use implants. Metals provide the needed physical and mechanical properties for load-bearing applications. Although widely used as biomedical materials for the replacement of hard tissue, metallic implants still confront challenges, among which the foremost is their low biocompatibility. Some of them also suffer from excessive wear, low corrosion resistance, infections and shielding stress. To address these issues, various coatings have been applied to enhance their in vitro and in vivo performance. When merged with the beneficial properties of various bio-ceramic or polymer coatings remarkable bioactive, osteogenic, antibacterial, or biodegradable composite implants can be created. In this review, bioactive and high-performance coatings for metallic bone implants are systematically reviewed and their biocompatibility is discussed. Updates in coating materials and formulations for metallic implants, as well as their production routes, have been provided. The ways of improving the bioactive coating performance by incorporating bioactive moieties such as growth factors, osteogenic factors, immunomodulatory factors, antibiotics, or other drugs that are locally released in a controlled manner have also been addressed.

Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomedical Materials.

The development of new nanomaterials with high biomedical performance and low toxicity is essential to obtain more efficient therapy and precise diagnostic tools and devices. Recently, scientists often face issues of balancing between positive therapeutic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles and their toxic side effects. In this review, considering metal oxide nanoparticles as important technological and biomedical materials, the authors provide a comprehensive review of researches on metal oxide nanoparticles, their nanoscale physicochemical properties, defining specific applications in the various fields of nanomedicine. Authors discuss the recent development of metal oxide nanoparticles that were employed as biomedical materials in tissue therapy, immunotherapy, diagnosis, dentistry, regenerative medicine, wound healing and biosensing platforms. Besides, their antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral properties along with biotoxicology were debated in detail. The significant breakthroughs in the field of nanobiomedicine have emerged in areas and numbers predicting tremendous application potential and enormous market value for metal oxide nanoparticles.

Recent advances in biomaterials for 3D scaffolds: A review.

Considering the advantages and disadvantages of biomaterials used for the production of 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering, new strategies for designing advanced functional biomimetic structures have been reviewed. We offer a comprehensive summary of recent trends in development of single- (metal, ceramics and polymers), composite-type and cell-laden scaffolds that in addition to mechanical support, promote simultaneous tissue growth, and deliver different molecules (growth factors, cytokines, bioactive ions, genes, drugs, antibiotics, etc.) or cells with therapeutic or facilitating regeneration effect. The paper briefly focuses on divers 3D bioprinting constructs and the challenges they face. Based on their application in hard and soft tissue engineering, in vitro and in vivo effects triggered by the structural and biological functionalized biomaterials are underlined. The authors discuss the future outlook for the development of bioactive scaffolds that could pave the way for their successful imposing in clinical therapy.