Cosmic-ray electron flux measured by the PAMELA experiment between 1 and 625 GeV.

Precision measurements of the electron component in the cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Here we present new results regarding negatively charged electrons between 1 and 625 GeV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. This is the first time that cosmic-ray e⁻ have been identified above 50 GeV. The electron spectrum can be described with a single power-law energy dependence with spectral index -3.18 ± 0.05 above the energy region influenced by the solar wind (> 30 GeV). No significant spectral features are observed and the data can be interpreted in terms of conventional diffusive propagation models. However, the data are also consistent with models including new cosmic-ray sources that could explain the rise in the positron fraction.

PAMELA measurements of cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra.

Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 gigavolt to 1.2 teravolts performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA (payload for antimatter matter exploration and light-nuclei astrophysics). We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be described well by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.

PAMELA results on the cosmic-ray antiproton flux from 60 MeV to 180 GeV in kinetic energy.

The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make a new measurement of the cosmic-ray antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio which extends previously published measurements down to 60 MeV and up to 180 GeV in kinetic energy. During 850 days of data acquisition approximately 1500 antiprotons were observed. The measurements are consistent with purely secondary production of antiprotons in the Galaxy. More precise secondary production models are required for a complete interpretation of the results.

[Detection of the central hearing defects in persons exposed to industrial noise by duration of the rise and fall of sound signals]. / Vyiavlenie tsentral'nykh narushenii slukha u lits, rabotaiushchikh na shumnom proizvodstve, na osnovanii opredeleniia dlitel'nosti fronta narastaniia i spada vosprinimaemykh zvukovykh signalov.

Hearing was studied using speech, audiometer MA-31 and rise and fall of loudness in 365 workers exposed to industrial noise only and 86 workers exposed to noise and dust containing lead. Identification of the front of growing loudness was impaired more in persons exposed to lead-containing dust; therefore they have more serious central hearing defects.

[Retrospective analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic results in patients with inflammatory diseases of the frontal sinus]. / Retrospektivnyi analiz rezul'tatov diagnostiki i lechenia bol'nykh s vospalitel'nymi zabolevaniiami lobnykh pazukh.

The diagnosis, clinical course and therapy of inflammatory diseases of frontal sinuses of 213 patients, aged 14 to 80 years, were investigated. In 104 patients the process was acute and in 109 patients it was chronic. 63% of patients suffered from purulent, 15% of them--from catarrhal, and 21.6% of them--from purulent-polypous frontal sinusitis 89.2% of patients showed unilateral and 10.8% of them bilateral lesions; 47.4% of patients displayed combined lesions of paranasal sinuses. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposesal 23.5% of patients were exposed to sinusal catheterization and irrigation according to the method of E.A. Landsberg; 7.5% of patients--to trepanopuncture, and 50.7% of patients--to frontotomy. 48.1% of operated patients developed relapses. After conservative treatment, which included catheterization and irrigation of frontal sinuses, relapses were seen only in 2.1% of patients. Our analysis demonstrated advantages of endonasal catherization of frontal sinuses in the diagnosis and therapy of frontal sinusitis and gave evidence that the manipulation was possible and safe in essentially all the patients treated.