Novel fluoroquinolones analogues bearing 4-(arylcarbamoyl)benzyl: design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluation.

Bacterial resistance to fluoroquinolone has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. In an attempt to find more potent anti-bacterial agents, an efficient, straightforward protocol was performed to obtain a large substrate scope of novel ciprofloxacin and sarafloxacin analogues conjugated with 4-(arylcarbamoyl)benzyl 7a-ab. All prepared compounds were evaluated for their anti-bacterial activities against three gram-positive strains (Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis) as well as three gram-negative strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli) through three standard methods including broth microdilution, agar-disc diffusion, and agar-well diffusion assays. Most of the compounds exhibited great to excellent anti-bacterial potencies against MRSA and S. aureus. Among the targeted compounds, derivative 7n exhibited great antibacterial potency, which was noticeably more potent than parent ciprofloxacin. Subsequently, a molecular docking study was performed for this compound to find out its probable binding mode with the active site of S. aureus DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 2XCT).

Desulfurization of liquid fuels using aluminum modified mesoporous adsorbent: towards experimental and kinetic investigations.

In this study, a modified mesoporous adsorbent (MSU-S) impregnated by aluminum was used to remove the aromatic sulfur compounds from n-decane as the model fuel. Physical and chemical properties of as-synthesized adsorbent were investigated by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method. Adsorptive desulfurization of model fuel was studied through batch and continues processes under mild temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. The equilibrium adsorption was modeled by Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich and the kinetics of adsorption was studied through first, second and intraparticle diffusion models. It was figured out that Temkin and the pseudo-second-order model were best fitting the adsorption equilibrium and describing the kinetics, respectively.

Experimental, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of adsorptive desulfurization and denitrogenation of model fuels using novel mesoporous materials.

The kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies of adsorptive desulfurization and denitrogenation to eliminate the refractory sulfur and nitrogen compounds like BT, DBT, quinoline and carbazole of model fuel by mesoporous material (MSU-S) and cobalt modified mesoporous material (CoO-MSU-S) adsorbents were carried out. The adsorption performance, capacity and selectivity of the adsorbent toward sulfur and nitrogen compounds were examined. Equilibrium and kinetics experiments confirmed that Co+2 impregnation would enhance the adsorption capacity of MSU-S. The results demonstrated that CoO-MSU-S led to a considerable improvement in the adsorption performance. The adsorption amounts reached 18.41, 21.20, 39.65 and 24.60 mg.g-1 for BT, DBT, quinoline and carbazole, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model showed good fittings with the experimental equilibrium data for benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and carbazole, and the data for quinoline was expressed well by the Freundlich for CoO-MSU-S adsorbent. Negative Gibbs free energy showed that all sulfur and nitrogen compounds were adsorbed spontaneously. The experimental data revealed that the pseudo-second-order model can describe the kinetics of adsorption of compounds on the adsorbent. The data obtained from the breakthrough curves indicated that DBT < BT < carbazole < quinoline order for the selectivity of modified adsorbent towards the adsorbates.

Ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of liquid hydrocarbon fuels: A critical review.

Nowadays, a continuously worldwide concern for development of process to produce ultra-low sulfur and nitrogen fuels have been emerged. Typical hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation technology deals with important difficulties such as high pressure and temperature operating condition, failure to treat some recalcitrant compounds and limitations to meet the stringent environmental regulations. In contrary an advanced oxidation process that is ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation satisfies latest environmental regulations in much milder conditions with more efficiency. The present work deals with a comprehensive review on findings and development in the ultrasound assisted oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation (UAOD) during the last decades. The role of individual parameters namely temperature, residence time, ultrasound power and frequency, pH, initial concentration and types of sulfur and nitrogen compounds on the efficiency are described. What's more another treatment properties that is role of phase transfer agent (PTA) and solvents of extraction step, reaction kinetics, mechanism of the ultrasound, fuel properties and recovery in UAOD are reviewed. Finally, the required future works to mature this technology are suggested.

The effect of back massage on blood pressure in the patients with primary hypertension in 2012-2013: a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Tension and stress are among the factors that lead to hypertension. In most individuals, behavioral strategies, such as relaxation and massage, are effective in controlling the individuals' response to stress, thus reducing hypertension. METHODS: This non-blind clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients with primary hypertension. The patients were randomly divided into a control and an intervention group. In both groups, blood pressure was measured and recorded twice a week before and after a 10-min Swedish back massage and rest for 6 weeks. The study data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, a check list of blood pressure record, and a fixed manometer. RESULTS: In the intervention group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased to 6.44 and 4.77 mmHg, respectively after back massage (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The obtained results were indicative of the effectiveness of back massage in reducing blood pressure in the study participants. Using stress control methods, such as massage, is a simple, acceptable, and teachable method for families to control blood pressure. After conducting more studies on this issue, back massage can be recommended as a non-pharmacological method to control blood pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT2013112615552N1.

Liquid Phase adsorption kinetics and equilibrium of toluene by novel modified-diatomite.

The adsorption equilibria of toluene from aqueous solutions on natural and modified diatomite were examined at different operation parameters such as pH, contact time, initial toluene concentration was evaluated and optimum experimental conditions were identified. The surface area and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR and EDX analysis. It was found that in order to obtain the highest possible removal of toluene, the experiments can be carried out at pH 6, temperature 25°C, an agitation speed of 200 rpm, an initial toluene concentration of 150 mg/L, a centrifugal rate of 4000 rpm, adsorbent dosage = 0.1 g and a process time of 90 min. The results of this work show that the maximum percentage removal of toluene from aqueous solution in the optimum conditions for NONMD was 96.91% (145.36 mg/g). Furthermore, under same conditions, the maximum adsorption of natural diatomite was 71.45% (107.18 mg/g). Both adsorption kinetic and isotherm experiments were carried out. The experimental data showed that the adsorption follows the Langmuir model and Freundlich model on natural and modified diatomite respectively. The kinetics results were found to conform well to pseudo-second order kinetics model with good correlation. Thus, this study demonstrated that the modified diatomite could be used as potential adsorbent for removal of toluene from aqueous solution.