Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria Masquerading as Malaria: A Case Report.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare type of acquired Haemolytic anaemia that is described as a triad of acquired intravascular Haemolysis, venous thrombosis and anaemia with pancytopenia sometimes due to bone marrow failure. However the classical triad may not be observed at once and fever due to leucocytopenia may confuse the clinical picture. Since this is a rare disease, other epidemiologically common causes may be attributed to the illness. We report a case of PNH with a rare association of malaria due to Falciparum and Vivax species which was undiagnosed for 6 years in a young man.

Perceptions of Interns and General Medicine Examiners Regarding Cardiovascular Case Presentation in Practical Exams of General Medicine in Final MBBS Summative Examinations.

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of cardiovascular cases in practical exit exam is limited to simple history taking and physical examination. Standards of assessment are not uniform. This makes assessment less valid and reliable. AIM: To explore the perceptions of Internees and General Medicine Examiners about current practices in Cardio Vascular system (CVS) case presentation in final MBBS exit exams and the necessity to change some of the practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set questions pertaining to the preparation for exams, validity, reliability, feasibility and educational impact were prepared to guide in obtaining the perceptions of internees and internal medicine examiners. Focus group discussions were conducted. Data Analysis was done by immersion-crystallization process. RESULTS: Most of the internees admitted to feeling concerned because of difficulty in diagnosing murmurs by auscultation. Most of the examiners felt concerned about the logistics involved in arranging practical exams. Both admitted to the lack of uniform standards in assessment. Both agreed that the present system thrived as it was relatively feasible. Some internees suggested that the exam may be conducted in two parts by splitting the syllabus instead of once. Some internees suggested incorporating a student-doctor program to improve practical skills just like the on-going student nurse program. CONCLUSION: There is a need for overhauling the assessment of cardiovascular system in final MBBS summative exams towards one aligned to the competencies as required in an Indian Medical Graduate. Blueprinting of practical assessment with due weightage assigned to epidemiologically important topics is the need of the hour.