Overexpression of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage cervical cancer.

AIMS: As one of the only two isoforms of the eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF)5A family, EIF5A2 plays an important role in tumour progression and prognosis evaluation. The aim of this study was to investigate EIF5A2 expression in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage I-II cervical cancer and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of EIF5A2 were analysed in 20 tissue samples of FIGO stage I-II cervical cancer and paired surrounding non-tumour cervical tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine EIF5A2 protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissues from 314 patients with cervical cancer. The mRNA and protein expression levels of EIF5A2 were significantly elevated in tumour tissues. The increased EIF5A2 expression was correlated with higher FIGO stage (P < 0.001), deep cervical stromal invasion (P = 0.026), lymphovascular space involvement (P = 0.002), pelvic lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001) and postoperative recurrence (P < 0.001) in patients with cervical cancer. Patients with tumours showing high EIF5A2 expression had a poorer survival time than those with normal EIF5A2 expression, especially the patients with negative pelvic lymph nodes and FIGO stage II. In addition, multivariate Cox analysis showed that high EIF5A2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival [hazard ratio 1.949; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.116-3.404; P = 0.019] and disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.980; 95% CI 1.189-3.297; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: EIF5A2 overexpression may contribute to cancer progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, EIF5A2 could be a novel potential prognostic marker for FIGO stage I-II cervical cancer.

Comparison between vascular cast and three-dimensional ultrasonography on tumor vessels.

AIM: The aim of this study was to characterize the morphology of renal tumor vessels. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with kidney neoplasm underwent three-dimensional reconstruction prior to surgery. The vascular cast of kidney specimens was obtained after surgery. RESULTS: The vascular cast revealed proliferation, thickening, compression, displacement, and arteriovenous fistulae in tumor vessels, which were consistent with the findings from 3-D ultrasound (chi(2)=12.60, P<.01). CONCLUSION: Most renal cellular carcinomas are rich blood-supplied tumors with distinctive vasculature in the tumor region.

Expression and correlation of CD44v6, vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Krukenberg tumor.

AIM: To explore the expression and correlation of CD44v6, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in Krukenberg and primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: The expressions of CD44v6, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by immunohistochemical method in 20 cases of normal ovarian tissues, 38 cases of Krukenberg tumor and 45 cases of primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. RESULTS: The expression of CD44v6 (primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue vs normal ovarian tissue: chi(2) = 4.516, P = 0.034; Krukenberg tumor tissue vs normal ovarian tissue: chi(2) = 19.537, P = 0.001) and VEGF (primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue vs normal ovarian tissue: P = 0.026; Krukenberg tumor tissue vs normal ovarian tissue: chi(2) = 22.895, P = 0.001) was significantly higher in primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma tissue and Krukenberg tumor tissue than in normal ovarian tissue. The positive expression rate of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was 0% in the normal ovarian tissue. The positive expression rate of CD44v6 (chi(2) = 10.398, P = 0.001), VEGF (chi(2) = 13.149, P = 0.001), MMP-2 (chi(2) = 33.668, P = 0.001) and MMP-9 (chi(2) = 38.839, P = 0.001) was remarkably higher in Krukenberg tumor than in primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The correlation of CD44v6, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 was observed in primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma and Krukenberg tumor. CONCLUSION: CD44v6, VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 are involved in ovarian carcinoma, gastric cancer and Krukenberg tumor. Detection of CD44v6, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 may contribute to the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma, gastric cancer, and Krukenberg tumor.