Microesferas biodegradables de poli(D, L-láctico) conteniendo progesterona / Biodegradable microspheres of poly(D, L-lactide) containing progesterone

Se obtuvieron microesferas de poli(D,L-láctico) conteniendo progesterona por medio de una emulsión simple aceite en agua empleando una técnica de evaporación de solvente. Se realizó un experimento con un diseño factorial 23 para estudiar el efecto de tres variables independientes (cantidad de principio activo, cantidad de polímero y concentración de alcohol polivinílico) sobre las variables dependientes (encapsulación de principio activo y tamaño de partícula). Las tres variables independientes influyeron significativamente sobre la encapsulación de progesterona. En el caso del tamaño de partícula, las variables que ejercieron una influencia significativa fueron la concentración de alcohol polivinílico y la cantidad de polímero. Los estudios de liberación in vitro han mostrado que de acuerdo al tamaño de partícula se pueden obtener formulaciones que logran liberar progesterona en pocos días u obtener una liberación sostenida durante 28 días. El estado físico del fármaco se investigó por calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Los estudios muestran que existe una interacción fisicoquímica entre la progesterona y el polímero

Microspheres of poly(D,L-lactide) containing progesterone were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using a simple oil water emulsion. 23 factorial design was used to determine the effect of three independent variables (amount of drug, amount of polymer and concentration of polyvinyl alcohol) over the dependent variables (drug content and particle size). The three independent variables influenced significantly over the percentage drug encapsulated. On the other hand, in the particle size case, the variables which produced a significantly influence were the polyvinyl alcohol concentration and the amount of polymer. The in vitro release studies have shown that according to the particle size, it can be obtained formulations which are able to release progesterone in a few days or a sustained release among 28 days. The physical state of drug has been examined by differential scanning calorimetric. The studies indicate that exists a physicochemical interaction between the progesterone and the polymer

Lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide serum determinations to analyze liver function of cirrhotic patients after oral administration.

Our aim was to compare standard liver function tests (serum bilirubin, serum albumin and prothrombin concentration), with lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide pharmacokinetic parameters, after oral lidocaine administration, to assess hepatic function of cirrhotic individuals. Twenty-one consecutive cirrhotic patients, nine consecutive acute hepatitis patients, and nine healthy individuals received oral lidocaine. Lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide serum concentrations were determined by the TDx system. Cirrhotic patients had higher lidocaine and lower monoethylglycinexylidide serum concentrations and differences in its pharmacokinetic variables, compared to control and hepatitis groups (P < 0.05). Sensitivity of lidocaine serum determinations (100%) was greater than sensitivity of serum bilirubin (57%), serum albumin (62%), and prothrombin concentrations (43%) and monoethylglycinexylidide serum concentrations (57%) in differentiating cirrhotic individuals from controls. In conclusion, after oral administration, lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide pharmacokinetic parameters are significantly altered in cirrhotic patients compared to normal and acute hepatitis subjects. Lidocaine pharmacokinetic parameters would be better than those of monoethylglycinexylidide and standard liver function tests in the evaluation of liver function of cirrhotic patients.

Lack of tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of diazepam and pentobarbital following chronic administration in perinatally undernourished rats.

Adult female rats, undernourished at perinatal age, were evaluated for anxiolytic action in the plus-maze test after acute and chronic administration of diazepam (DZP) and pentobarbital (PTB). Deprived (D) rats chronically treated with vehicle showed an increased anxiety as compared with control (C) animals. A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DZP (1 mg/kg) or PTB (7.5 mg/kg) produced similar anticonflict effect in both C and D rats. Tolerance to the anxiolytic effect of DZP and PBT developed in C rats after a 15-day administration schedule, whereas no tolerance was observed in D animals. Drug disposition was not altered after chronic treatment either in C or in D rats. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated chloride uptake in microsacs of cerebral cortex of naive D rats was decreased as compared with naive C rats. After chronic DZP administration (1 mg/kg/day i.p. for 15 days), GABA-mediated 36Cl- influx in brain cortex microsacs of C rats did not change; however, GABA efficacy was increased in microsacs of D animals. In addition, chronic DZP treatment induced GABA-benzodiazepine uncoupling in brain cortex of C rats, but not in D animals, as assessed by chloride uptake in microsacs. Chronic PTB treatment (7.5 or 30 mg/kg/day i.p. for 15 days) did not modify GABA stimulation or GABA-PTB interaction in cortical microsacs of C or D rats.