The relationship between family functioning and social media addiction among university students: a moderated mediation model of depressive symptoms and peer support.

BACKGROUND: Social media addiction (SMA) is an increasing problem, especially among young adults. Little is known about university students' SMA and family functioning. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of peer support in the relationship between family functioning and SMA among young adults. METHODS: A sample of 1862 Chinese university students completed an online survey including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Family APGAR, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), peer support, and demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression and moderated mediation analysis were used to test the effects and pathways among them. RESULTS: Of the 1840 participants, 30.11% experienced SMA, 38.80% had family dysfunction and 15.98% had depressive symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression showed better family functioning significantly predicted less SMA (ß = -0.26, p < 0.001) and lower depressive symptoms (ß = -0.58, p < 0.001), after adjusting for covariates. Mediation analysis verified that depressive symptoms mediated the effect of family functioning on SMA (indirect effect = -0.22, 95%CI[-0.28, -0.17]). Furthermore, the interaction of family functioning and peer support was negatively related to depressive symptoms (ß= -0.03, 95% CI[-0.05, -0.01]) and the interaction of depressive symptoms and peer support was positively related to SMA (ß = 0.01, 95%CI[0.004, 0.02]). Additional analysis further confirmed that peer support decreased depressive symptoms among young adults from dysfunctional families, and increased SMA behaviors in individuals with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Better family functioning and lower depressive symptoms may contribute to less social media addiction among Chinese university students. Peer support could moderate the mediating role of depressive symptoms on social media addiction in individuals with family dysfunction.

Synergistic Engineering of Energy Band Alignment and Interfacial Electric Field Distribution over Bi-bismuth-Based Hetero-nanofibers for Boosting Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Ammonia Synthesis and Antibiotic Removal.

Synergistic engineering of energy band alignment and interfacial electric field distribution is essential for photocatalyst design but is still challenging because of the limitation on refined regulation in the nanoscale. This study addresses the issue by employing surface modification and thermal-induced phase transformation in Bi2MoO6/BixOyIz hetero-nanofiber frameworks. The energy band alignment switches from a type-II interface to a Z-scheme contact with stronger redox potentials and inhibited electron traps, and the optimized built-in electric field distribution could be reached based on experimental and theoretical investigations. The engineered hetero-nanofibers exhibit outstanding visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction activity (605 µmol/g/h) and tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate (81.5% within 30 min), ranking them among the top-performing bismuth series materials. Furthermore, the photocatalysts show promise in activating advanced oxidants for efficient organic pollutant degradation. Moreover, the Bi2MoO6/Bi5O7I hetero-nanofibers possess good recycling stability owing to their three-dimensional network structure. This research offers valuable insights into heterojunction design for environmental remediation and industrial applications.

How health risk factors affect inpatient costs among adults with stroke in China: the mediating role of length of stay.

BACKGROUND: As stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability in China, it has induced a heavy disease burden on society, families, and patients. Despite much attention within the literature, the effect of multiple risk factors on length of stay (LOS) and inpatient costs in China is still not fully understood. AIM: To analyse the association between the number of risk factors combined and inpatient costs among adults with stroke and explore the mediating effect of LOS on inpatient costs. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Nantong City from January 2018 to December 2019. Lifestyle factors (smoking status, exercise), personal disease history (overweight, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation), family history of stroke, and demographic characteristics were interviewed by trained nurses. Inpatient costs and LOS were extracted from electronic medical records. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models and mediation analysis were used to examine the direct and indirect effects of the number of risk factors combined for stroke on inpatient costs. RESULTS: A total of 620 individuals were included, comprising 391 ischaemic stroke patients and 229 haemorrhagic stroke patients, and the mean age was 63.2 years, with 60.32% being male. The overall mean cost for stroke inpatients was 30730.78 CNY ($ 4444.91), and the average length of stay (LOS) was 12.50 days. Mediation analysis indicated that the greater number of risk factors was not only directly related to higher inpatient costs (direct effect = 0.16, 95%CI:[0.11,0.22]), but also indirectly associated with inpatient cost through longer LOS (indirect effect = 0.08, 95% CI: [0.04,0.11]). Furthermore, patients with high risk of stroke had longer LOS than those in low-risk patients, which in turn led to heavier hospitalization expenses. CONCLUSIONS: Both the greater number of risk factors and high-risk rating among stroke patients increased the length of stay and inpatient costs. Preventing and controlling risk behaviors of stroke should be strengthened.

Floating metal phthalocyanine@polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for peroxymonosulfate activation: Synergistic photothermal effects and highly efficient flowing wastewater treatment.

Highly efficient floating photocatalysis has potential applications in organic pollutant treatment but remains limited by low degradation efficiency in practical applications. By introducing the photothermal effect into a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) coupled photocatalysis system, tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation could be significantly enhanced using floating metal phthalocyanine@polyacrylonitrile (MPc@PAN) nanofiber mats. MPc@PAN nanofibers with different metal centers showed similar photothermal conversion performance but different activation energies for PMS activation, resulting in metal-center-dependent synergistic photothermal effects, i.e., light-enhanced dominated, thermal-enhanced dominated, and conjointly light-thermal dominated mechanisms. The porous structures and floating ability of the FePc@PAN nanofibers provided a fast mass transfer process, with higher solar energy utilization and superior photothermal conversion performance than the FePc nanopowders. Meanwhile, the FePc@PAN nanofibers showed excellent TCH removal stability within 10 cycles (>92%) and extremely low Fe ion leaching (<0.055 mg/L) in a dual-channel flowing wastewater treatment system. This work provides new insight into PMS activation via photothermal effects for environmental remediation.

The role of effort-reward imbalance and depressive symptoms in the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism among Chinese village doctors: a moderated mediation model.

BACKGROUND: Long working hours and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) among medical workers may contribute to poor mental health and reduced productivity. However, the potential mechanisms among them are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the role of depressive symptoms and ERI in the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism among village doctors. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. 705 village doctors were assessed for working hours, ERI (the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, ERI questionnaire), presenteeism (6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, SPS-6 Scale), and depressive symptoms (12-item General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12). A moderated mediation model was used to test the role of depressive symptoms (M), and ERI (W) in the relationship between long working hours (X) and presenteeism (Y). RESULTS: 45.11% of the village doctors worked more than 55 h per week, and 55.89% were exposed to ERI. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese village doctors was 40.85%. Long working hours (≥ 55 h per week) were significantly associated with presenteeism behaviors (ß = 2.17, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis demonstrated that depressive symptoms (GHQ score > 3) could partly mediate the relationship between long working hours and presenteeism (indirect effect ß = 0.64, P < 0.001). Moderated mediation further indicated that the interaction of long working hours and ERI was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted elevated presenteeism behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms had a mediating role in the association of long working hours with presenteeism behaviors among Chinese village doctors and ERI augment their negative effects.

Highly dispersed g-C3N4 on well-designed three-dimensional porous nanostructured ZrO2 for high-performance photocatalytic degradation and H2 production.

A novel polymer-assisted freeze-drying method was adopted for preparing three-dimensional porous nanostructured ZrO2 (3DPZ) with macro self-supporting properties. Then, g-C3N4 was in-situ grown uniformly on the 3DPZ through a gas-solid reaction, forming 3D nanoporous ZrO2/g-C3N4 heterojunctions (3DP/ZC) with different g-C3N4 loadings that retained self-supporting characteristics. The kapp value of Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation and H2 evolution rate of the 3DP/ZC-2 under visible light reached 0.035 min-1 and 1013.1 µmol h-1 g-1, which were 19.6 and 6.6 times higher than pure g-C3N4, respectively. The ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZNps) prepared via freeze-drying, but without polymer precursor, were used as support to form ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanoparticles (ZCNps-2) for comparison study. The RhB degradation rate and H2 evolution rate of the 3DP/ZC-2 under visible light were about 3.7 and 5.3 times higher than ZCNps-2. Their enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to their unique 3D heterointerface with matched energy bands for rapid charge separation and transfer and a hierarchical porous structure for mass transfer and surface reaction processes. The scavenger trapping and ESR measurements confirmed that the primary reactive radicals for degradation were superoxide radical ions (⋅O2-), hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH), and photogenerated holes (h+). The pH-dependent photocatalytic degradation activity originated from the H+-related ⋅OH conversion reaction. Besides, the macro self-supporting nature could provide excellent separability and recyclability, and self-supporting membranes were also constructed and demonstrated as stable and recyclable photocatalysts. This work provides a new routine for designing 3D-heterojunctions as new kinds of functional materials for applications in environmental remediation and green energy production.

CUBIC: an atlas of genetic architecture promises directed maize improvement.

BACKGROUND: Identifying genotype-phenotype links and causative genes from quantitative trait loci (QTL) is challenging for complex agronomically important traits. To accelerate maize gene discovery and breeding, we present the Complete-diallel design plus Unbalanced Breeding-like Inter-Cross (CUBIC) population, consisting of 1404 individuals created by extensively inter-crossing 24 widely used Chinese maize founders. RESULTS: Hundreds of QTL for 23 agronomic traits are uncovered with 14 million high-quality SNPs and a high-resolution identity-by-descent map, which account for an average of 75% of the heritability for each trait. We find epistasis contributes to phenotypic variance widely. Integrative cross-population analysis and cross-omics mapping allow effective and rapid discovery of underlying genes, validated here with a case study on leaf width. CONCLUSIONS: Through the integration of experimental genetics and genomics, our study provides useful resources and gene mining strategies to explore complex quantitative traits.

Contributions of Zea mays subspecies mexicana haplotypes to modern maize.

Maize was domesticated from lowland teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), but the contribution of highland teosinte (Zea mays ssp. mexicana, hereafter mexicana) to modern maize is not clear. Here, two genomes for Mo17 (a modern maize inbred) and mexicana are assembled using a meta-assembly strategy after sequencing of 10 lines derived from a maize-teosinte cross. Comparative analyses reveal a high level of diversity between Mo17, B73, and mexicana, including three Mb-size structural rearrangements. The maize spontaneous mutation rate is estimated to be 2.17 × 10-8 ~3.87 × 10-8 per site per generation with a nonrandom distribution across the genome. A higher deleterious mutation rate is observed in the pericentromeric regions, and might be caused by differences in recombination frequency. Over 10% of the maize genome shows evidence of introgression from the mexicana genome, suggesting that mexicana contributed to maize adaptation and improvement. Our data offer a rich resource for constructing the pan-genome of Zea mays and genetic improvement of modern maize varieties.

Distant eQTLs and Non-coding Sequences Play Critical Roles in Regulating Gene Expression and Quantitative Trait Variation in Maize.

A detailed understanding of genetic architecture of mRNA expression by millions of genetic variants is important for studying quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identified 1.25M SNPs with a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05 by combining reduced genome sequencing (GBS), high-density array technologies (600K), and previous deep RNA-sequencing data from 368 diverse inbred lines of maize. The balanced allelic frequencies and distributions in a relatively large and diverse natural panel helped to identify expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with more than 18 000 genes (63.4% of tested genes). We found that distant eQTLs were more frequent (∼75% of all eQTLs) across the whole genome. Thirteen novel associated loci affecting maize kernel oil concentration were identified using the new dataset, among which one intergenic locus affected the kernel oil variation by controlling expression of three other known oil-related genes. Altogether, this study provides resources for expanding our understanding of cellular regulatory mechanisms of transcriptome variation and the landscape of functional variants within the maize genome, thereby enhancing the understanding of quantitative variations.