Diagnosis of oral potentially malignant disorders: Overview and experience in Oceania.

The diagnosis and management of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) should be the same the world over, but there are important nuances in incidence, aetiological factors, and management opportunities that may lead to differences based on ethnogeography. In this review, we update and discuss current international trends in the classification and diagnosis of OPMD with reference to our experience in various regions in Oceania. Oceania includes the islands of Australia, Melanesia (including Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (including New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga) and hence has diverse populations with very different cultures and a range from well-resourced high-population density cities to remote villages.

In Vitro Cell Proliferation and Migration Properties of Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts: A Comparative Study on the Effects of Cord Blood- and Peripheral Blood-Platelet Lysate.

Cord blood-platelet lysate (CB-PL), containing growth factors such as a platelet-derived growth factor, has a similar efficacy to peripheral blood-platelet lysate (PB-PL) in initiating cell growth and differentiation, which makes it a unique alternative to be implemented into oral ulceration healing. This research study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CB-PL and PB-PL in promoting oral wound closure in vitro. Alamar blue assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of CB-PL and PB-PL in enhancing the proliferation of human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMF). The percentage of wound closure was measured using the wound-healing assay for CB-PL and PB-PL at the optimal concentration of 1.25% and 0.3125%, respectively. The gene expressions of cell phenotypic makers (Col. I, Col. III, elastin and fibronectin) were determined via qRT-PCR. The concentrations of PDGF-BB were quantified using ELISA. We found that CB-PL was as effective as PB-PL in promoting wound-healing and both PL were more effective compared to the control (CTRL) group in accelerating the cell migration in the wound-healing assay. The gene expressions of Col. III and fibronectin were significantly higher in PB-PL compared to CB-PL. The PDGF-BB concentration of PB-PL was the highest and it decreased after the wound closed on day 3. Therefore, we concluded that PL from both sources can be a beneficial treatment for wound-healing, but PB-PL showed the most promising wound-healing properties in this study.

Facial Emphysema following Closure of Oroantral Fistulae.

Subcutaneous emphysema (SE) is a swelling which develops due to air entrapped underneath the subcutaneous tissue and facial planes causing distention of the overlying skin. SE can develop due to trauma, surgery, or infection. The diagnosis of SE is mostly based on clinical findings of crepitation upon palpation of the swelling. Once diagnosed, SE is usually managed by close observation and in some cases may require surgical decompression and antibiotic prophylaxis. We report a rare case of SE of the left malar which developed following closure of oroantral communication using the buccal fat pad.