Efficacy evaluation of budesonide nebulizer as an adjunctive medication in post-rain asthma acute phase attack.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchospasm attacks occur following syndromic rainfall and are increasing due to air pollution and need effective treatments. In this study, the effect of salbutamol nebulizer in comparison with salbutamol plus budesonide nebulizer in patients referred to the emergency department with dyspnea was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The trial study was conducted on 228 patients with dyspnea after the first rainfall in Ahvaz. Two groups of 114 patients have been randomly allocated. On the course of treatment, the first group received salbutamol plus budesonide nebulizer and the second group received salbutamol alone. In the experimental group, budesonide 0.5 mg with salbutamol was nebulized three times for 20 minutes. In all patients, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after the start of the intervention, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and vital signs of size were recorded and analyzed by SPSS and t-test. RESULTS: Data revealed that there were significant differences between PEFR parameters of studied. Groups in minute 40 and 60 after intervention (p = 0.000001). There was better improvement.in PEFR values in minute 40 and 60 in budesonide plus salbutamol study group. There were no significant differences for FEV1 in minute 0, 20, 40, 60 between to studied group. Also there were no significant differences for borg dyspnea scale for minute 0 and 60 between two experimented group. Respiratory rates have significant differences in minutes 20, 40 after intervention and there was better improvement for salbutamol plus budesonide group rather than sulbutamol intervention group alone.(p = 0.001142). CONCLUSION: Experiment data revealed. that due to the significant difference between PEFR and increased FEV1 in the combination of the two drugs and due to the corticosteroid effects of budesonide in reducing and preventing inflammation and swelling of the lungs, nebulizer salbutamol + budesonide has better effects on moderate breath than in nebulizer salbutamol.

Neuregulin1 types mRNA level changes in autism spectrum disorder, and is associated with deficit in executive functions.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pediatric heterogeneous psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorder with social and communication deficits, language impairment and ritualistic or repetitive behaviors. ASD has significant genetic bases but candidate genes and molecular mechanisms of disorder are not clarified. Neuregulin1 (NRG1) gene, located in 8p12 is involved in development of central nervous system and was indicated as candidate gene in schizophrenia. METHODS: mRNA level of types I, II and III of NRG1 gene were studied in peripheral blood of 1540 ASD patients (IQ > 70) and 1490 control children by quantitative Real Time PCR. Also three domains of executive functions (working memory, response inhibition and vigilance) were examined in all subjects. FINDINGS: All three types were significantly down regulated in ASD patients. Significant deficiencies in executive functions (EF) were found in ASD patients. EF deficiencies mostly were associated with down expression of mRNA level of types I and III. Also correlations were found between NRG1 expression with gender and severity of ASD symptoms. INTERPRETATIONS: Findings primarily have been suggested involvement of NRG1 in etiology of ASD. Also correlation of NRG1 mRNA level with EF deficiencies could shed lights on EF mechanisms and may suggest targeted treatments to improve particular executive functions. FUND: Young researchers and elites club funded the project due to the annual grant of special talents of Club that gave to Arvin Haghighatfard.