Hypoglossal-Facial Anastomosis for Facial Nerve Reconstruction: Outcomes using the Side-to-End Surgical Technique

Introduction The side-to-end hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) technique is an excellent alternative technique to the classic end-terminal anastomosis, because itmay decrease the symptoms resulting from hypoglossal-nerve transection. Methods Patients with facial nerve palsy (House-Brackmann [HB] grade VI) requiring facial reconstruction from 2014 to 2017were retrospectively included in the study. Results In total, 12 cases were identified, with a mean follow-up of 3 years. The causes of facial paralysis were due to resection of posterior-fossa tumors and trauma. There was improvement in 91.6% of the patients (11/12) after the HFA. The rate of improvement according to the HB grade was as follows: HB III - 58.3%; HB IV - 16.6%; and HB II - 16.6%. The first signs of improvement were observed in the patients with the shortest time between the paralysis and the anastomosis surgery (3.5months versus 8.5 months; p » 0.011). The patients with HB II and III had a shorter time between the diagnosis and the anastomosis surgery (mean: 5.22 months), while the patients with HB IV and VI had a longer time of paresis (mean: 9.5 months; p » 0.099). We did not observe lingual atrophy or changes in swallowing. Discussion and Conclusion Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis with the terminolateral technique has good results and low morbidity in relation to tongue motility and swallowing problems. The HB grade and recovery appear to be better in patients operated on with a shorter paralysis time.

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Jugular Foramen Applied to Surgery of Glomus Jugulare via Craniocervical Approach.

The jugular foramen remains one of the most complex regions of the human body. Approaching lesions in this area requires extensive anatomical knowledge and experience, due to the many critical neurovascular structures passing through or around the jugular foramen. Here, we present a concise review of the microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen in relation to the craniocervical approach.

Síndrome de Lemierre: relato de caso / Lemierre syndrome: case report

síndrome de Lemierre caracteriza-se pela tromboflebite séptica da veia jugular interna, após uma orofaringite, com embolização séptica para o pulmão ou outros órgãos. Neste relato de caso, apresentamos uma paciente feminina, 37 anos de idade, com história de edema e dor em hemiface direita há três dias, associada a fadiga e dispneia progressiva há um dia. História de extração dentária do elemento 48 há três dias. No exame físico admissional, apresentava-se taquipneica, saturando 60% (em ar ambiente), com edema em ângulo da mandíbula direita, redução difusa do murmúrio vesicular e panturrilhas sem empastamento. Angiotomografia de tórax e exames laboratoriais foram compatíveis com quadro de embolia séptica, e tomografia computadorizada da cervical corroborou o diagnóstico de tromboflebite séptica da veia jugular interna. Foi tratada com antibióticos e sintomáticos. A síndrome de Lemierre afeta mais homens jovens e tem embolização para o pulmão em até 97% dos casos. Extrações dentárias raramente podem ser a etiologia dessa síndrome. A tomografia computadorizada é o método de imagem mais utilizado no diagnóstico, e o tratamento é, essencialmente, com antibióticos; portanto, a abordagem cirúrgica é raramente necessária

Lemierre syndrome is characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, after an oropharyngeal infection, with septic embolization to the lungs or other organs. This case report describes a 37-year-old female patient who presented with edema and pain in the right hemiface with onset 3 days previously and progressive fatigue and dyspnea since the previous day. She had had tooth 48 extracted 3 days previously. Physical examination at admission found tachypnea, with 60% saturation (in room air), edema at the angle of the right mandible, diffuse reduction of vesicular murmur, and calves free from clubbing. Angiotomography of the chest and laboratory tests were compatible with septic emboli, and cervical computed tomography confirmed a diagnosis of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. She was managed with antibiotics and given treatment for her symptoms. Lemierre syndrome most often occurs in young men and there is embolization to the lungs in up to 97% of cases. Rarely, the etiology of this syndrome may be tooth extraction. Computed tomography is the imaging method most often used for diagnosis and treatment is basically antibiotic. Surgery is thus rarely necessary

Lemierre syndrome: case report.

Lemierre syndrome is characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, after an oropharyngeal infection, with septic embolization to the lungs or other organs. This case report describes a 37-year-old female patient who presented with edema and pain in the right hemiface with onset 3 days previously and progressive fatigue and dyspnea since the previous day. She had had tooth 48 extracted 3 days previously. Physical examination at admission found tachypnea, with 60% saturation (in room air), edema at the angle of the right mandible, diffuse reduction of vesicular murmur, and calves free from clubbing. Angiotomography of the chest and laboratory tests were compatible with septic emboli, and cervical computed tomography confirmed a diagnosis of septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. She was managed with antibiotics and given treatment for her symptoms. Lemierre syndrome most often occurs in young men and there is embolization to the lungs in up to 97% of cases. Rarely, the etiology of this syndrome may be tooth extraction. Computed tomography is the imaging method most often used for diagnosis and treatment is basically antibiotic. Surgery is thus rarely necessary.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma with intracranial extension.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a critical evaluation of the historical evolution of the surgical treatment of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) with intracranial extension. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Skull base multidisciplinary group at the Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Brazil. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2000, the multidisciplinary skull base group surgically treated 67 adolescent boys with JNA, 20 of whom presented with intracranial extension. All patients presented involvement of the cavernous sinus, and 5 of them spread into the orbit. Before 2008, the authors combined microscopic-endoscopic techniques. After this period, the surgical approach used was facial degloving, associated with purely endoscopic technique patients. RESULTS: Total tumor removal was achieved in 17 cases in the first surgery. In this series, the intracranial extension was extradural in all cases. There was only 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which was promptly identified and treated. There was no mortality or permanent morbidity. CONCLUSION: Radical removal of large JNA may be difficult because of its extreme vascularity and extension to the cavernous sinus, orbit, middle and anterior fossa. Nevertheless, most of JNA with intracranial extension can be resected in the first operation with minimal morbidity through a facial degloving and further combination of expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches.

Abordagem endoscópica transnasal para o tratamento de fratura blow out medial de órbita: experiência do serviço de ORL da PUC-PR

Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência do Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Curitiba e do Hospital Universitário Cajuru-PUC-PR, no tratamento endoscópio da fratura blow out medial de órbita, através da utilização de enxerto de cartilagem septal. Método: Desde junho de 2005, foram tratados endoscopicamente 16 pacientes. Para manter o conteúdo orbital na posição foi utilizado em todos os casos enxerto de septo nasal juntamente com gelfoam e surgicel. Resultados: Dos 16 pacientes operados, 2 apresentaram queixa de diplopia no pós-operatório, mas com melhora somente com exercícios ortópticos. A enoftalmia foi corrigida em 5 dos 6 casos que possuíam a queixa. A tomografia de controle demonstrou redução anatômica em 13 dos 16 pacientes, entretanto, todos obtiveram resultado satisfatório. Não houve complicações decorrentes do procedimento. Conclusão: O acesso endoscópico nasal tem se mostrado a via de escolha para o tratamento da fratura blow out medial de órbita. A utilização de enxerto de septo nasal com gelfoam e surgicel mostrou eficácia semelhante à demonstrada por outros métodos na literatura.

Abordagem endoscópica assistida para o tratamento de fraturas de côndilo mandibular: experiência do serviço de otorrinolaringologia da PUC-PR

Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência do Serviço de ORL do Hospital Universitário Cajuru - PUC-PR na abordagem endoscópica assistida no tratamento de fraturas do côndilo mandibular. Método: Desde novembro de 2005, foram tratados através da técnica endoscópica 15 pacientes com fraturas condilares que possuíam deslocamento e prejuízo funcional. Utilizando endoscópios angulados de 30 graus e 45 graus, a redução e fixação das fraturas foram realizadas limitando-se a uma incisão transoral e duas perfurações percutâneas. Resultados: A redução anatômica e o restabelecimento da dimensão vertical do ramo ascendente da mandíbula, assim como a oclusão satisfatória, foram alcançados em 14 em 15 casos. Apenas o primeiro de nossos casos persistiu com certo grau de lateralização no pós-operatório, corrigida por tração elástica com bloqueio maxilomandibular. Conclusão: A utilização do endoscópio na abordagem da fratura de côndilo mandibular é atualmente o tratamento de escolha para esse tipo de fratura. Tal técnica necessita de treinamento intensivo e conhecimento das técnicas das técnicas endoscópicas para o sucesso do procedimento.

Comparative study of the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture.

AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. METHOD: Twenty patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomized and divided into two groups. The first one was submitted to submucosal cauterization associated with outfracture, and the second one without fracture. Five items were assessed to compare both methods: pain, nasal bleeding, scarring--analyzed through anterior rhinoscopy, observing edema, hyperemia and seropurulent secretion; crust formation (seen through anterior rhinoscopy); and nasal airway patency. Follow-up was performed on days 7, 14, 30. RESULTS: In both groups crusting formation was similar. Scarring showed better results in the outfracture group in the first two weeks postoperative. The analysis of nasal airway patency showed good results in 80% of the patients submitted to submucosal cauterization with outfratcture on day 30 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that submucosal cauterization of inferior turbinate with outfracture is better than the procedure without outfracture.

Estudo comparativo de pacientes submetidos à cauterização submucosa com ou sem fratura lateral do corneto inferior / Comparative study of the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da cauterização submucosa do corneto inferior com e sem a fratura lateral. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico prospectivo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 20 pacientes aleatoriamente com diagnóstico de hipertrofia crônica dos cornetos nasais, e divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro foi submetido à cauterização submucosa com fratura lateral do corneto, e o segundo sem a fratura. Foram avaliados cinco quesitos, comparando-se os dois métodos: dor, sangramento nasal, cicatrização, formação de crostas e perviedade nasal. O seguimento pós-operatório foi realizado no 1°, 7°, 14° e 30° dias. RESULTADOS: Quanto à dor, sangramento nasal e formação de crostas o resultado foi semelhante para ambos os grupos. Em relação à cicatrização, houve melhores resultados no grupo submetido à fratura lateral nas primeiras duas semanas do seguimento. Quanto à perviedade nasal, 80 por cento dos pacientes submetidos à cauterização submucosa com a fratura lateral referiram boa perviedade. Por outro lado, 30 por cento dos pacientes não submetidos à fratura lateral relataram boa perviedade. CONCLUSÃO: A realização da cauterização submucosa do corneto inferior associada à fratura lateral é mais eficaz que a realização da cauterização isoladamente.

AIM: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of submucosal cauterization of the inferior turbinate with or without outfracture. STUDY DESIGN: clinical prospective. METHOD: Twenty patients with inferior turbinate hypertrophy were randomized and divided into two groups. The first one was submitted to submucosal cauterization associated with outfracture, and the second one without fracture. Five items were assessed to compare both methods: pain, nasal bleeding, scarring - analyzed through anterior rhinoscopy, observing edema, hyperemia and seropurulent secretion; crust formation (seen through anterior rhinoscopy); and nasal airway patency. Follow-up was performed on days 7, 14, 30. RESULTS: In both groups crusting formation was similar. Scarring showed better results in the outfracture group in the first two weeks postoperative. The analysis of nasal airway patency showed good results in 80 percent of the patients submitted to submucosal cauterization with outfratcture on day 30 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that submucosal cauterization of inferior turbinate with outfracture is better than the procedure without outfracture.