Uso de estudios de laboratorio y gabinete en pacientes con dolor abdominal no traumático, en el servicio de urgencias

Introducción: La evaluación del paciente con dolor abdominal agudo no traumático es un reto diagnóstico. El uso de pruebas de laboratorio y gabinete son herramientas útiles que nos permiten obtener información complementaria sobre cada paciente y con ello confirmar o descartar un diagnóstico y determinar su plan de acción. Objetivo: Estimar la frecuencia de uso de en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital General Regional No.72 en pacientes con dolor abdominal no traumático. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo donde se revisaron 126 expedientes clínicos de pacientes ≥20 años, que acudieron a urgencias por, los cuales contaban con una estancia de al menos 8 h y a quienes se practicó alguna; se excluyeron expedientes clínicos de mujeres embarazadas. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se realizaron 827 pruebas a 126 pacientes. Los principales estudios utilizados fueron: biometría hemática (99,2 %), glucosa, urea, creatinina, electrólitos y tiempos de coagulación (en el 100 % de los pacientes). Los estudios de gabinete más utilizados fueron: ultrasonido (31,7 %) y tomografía abdominal (11,9 %). Las cinco patologías más prevalentes fueron: colecistitis, infección urinaria, gastroenteritis, enfermedad ácido péptica y pancreatitis. Conclusiones: El dolor abdominal es una patología de etiología multivariada, por lo que su estudio adecuado es esencial para el manejo de las personas y la implementación de un sistema de gestión de calidad centrado en el paciente.

Introduction: The evaluation of the patient with non-traumatic acute abdominal pain is a diagnostic challenge. The use of laboratory and cabinet tests are useful tools allowing to obtain complementary information about each patient and thereby confirm or rule out a diagnosis and determine its action plan. Objective: To estimate the frequency of use of laboratory and cabinet tests in the emergency department at the Regional General Hospital No.72, in patients with non-traumatic abdominal pain from August to September 2017. Methods: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. One hundred twenty six (126) clinical records of patients ≥20 years old were reviewed, these subjects attended the emergency room for non-traumatic acute abdominal pain, and had a stay of at least 8 hours. They underwent some laboratory and cabinet tests. Clinical records of pregnant women were excluded. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Eight hundred twenty seven (827) tests were performed on 126 patients. The main studies used were blood count (99.2%), glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes and coagulation times (in 100% of patients). The most used cabinet studies were ultrasound (31.7%) and abdominal tomography (11.9%). The five most prevalent pathologies were cholecystitis, urinary infection, gastroenteritis, acid peptic disease and pancreatitis. Conclusions: Abdominal pain is a pathology of multivariate etiology, so adequate study is essential for the management of people and the implementation of a quality management system focused on the patient.

High Virulence and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated in Periodontal Disease.

Periodontal disease is caused by different gram-negative anaerobic bacteria; however, Escherichia coli has also been isolated from periodontitis and its role in periodontitis is less known. This study aimed to determine the variability in virulence genotype, antibiotic resistance phenotype, biofilm formation, phylogroups, and serotypes in different emerging periodontal strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. E. coli, virulence genes, and phylogroups, were identified by PCR, antibiotic susceptibility by the Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation was quantified using polystyrene microtiter plates, and serotypes were determined by serotyping. Although E. coli was not detected in the controls (n = 70), it was isolated in 14.7% (100/678) of the patients. Most of the strains (n = 81/100) were multidrug-resistance. The most frequent adhesion genes among the strains were fimH and iha, toxin genes were usp and hlyA, iron-acquisition genes were fyuA and irp2, and protectin genes were ompT, and KpsMT. Phylogroup B2 and serotype O25:H4 were the most predominant among the strains. These findings suggest that E. coli may be involved in periodontal disease due to its high virulence, multidrug-resistance, and a wide distribution of phylogroups and serotypes.

Barriers to implementing the «2008 Mexican Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis» in primary healthcare practice / Barreras para la implementación de la «Guía Mexicana de Práctica Clínica para el manejo de osteoartritis de cadera y rodilla en el primer nivel de atención 2008» en la práctica de atención primaria

Objective: To evaluate the implementability of the «2008 Mexican Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis at the primary level of care» within primary healthcare of three Mexican regions using the Guideline Implementability Appraisal methodology version 2 (GLIA.v2). Methods: Six family physicians, representing the South, North, and Central Mexico, and one Mexican physiatrist evaluated the 45 recommendations stated by the Mexican guideline. The GLIA.v2 methodology includes the execution of qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques. Results: Reviewers’ agreement was between moderate to near complete in most cases. Sixty-nine percent of the recommendations were considered difficult to implement within clinical practice. Eight recommendations did not have an appropriate format. Only 6 recommendations were judged as able to be consistently applied to clinical practice. Barriers related to the context of one or more institutions/regions were identified in 25 recommendations. These barriers are related to health providers/patients’ beliefs, processes of care within each institution, and availability of some treatments recommended by the guideline. Conclusions: The guideline presented problems of conciseness and clarity that negatively affect its application within the Mexican primary healthcare context. We identified individual, organizational and system characteristics, which are common to the 3 institutions/regions studied and constitute barriers for implementing the guideline to clinical practice. It is recommended that the 2008-Mexican-CPG-OA be thoroughly revised and restructured to improve the clarity of the actions implied by each recommendation. We propose some strategies to accomplish this and to overcome some of the identified regional/institutional barriers (AU)

Objetivo. Evaluar las barreras de implementación de la guía de práctica clínica para el manejo de osteoartritis de cadera y rodilla en el primer nivel de atención 2008 dentro de la práctica clínica de 3 regiones mexicanas, usando la metodología Guideline Implementability Appraisal version 2 (GLIA v2). Métodos. Seis médicos familiares, representantes del sur, norte y centro de México, y un médico rehabilitador mexicano evaluaron las 45 recomendaciones propuestas en la guía de práctica clínica. La metodología GLIA v2 incluye la ejecución de técnicas cualitativas y semicuantitativas. Resultados. En su mayoría, el acuerdo entre revisores fue de moderado a casi completo. El 69% de las recomendaciones fueron consideradas como difíciles de implementar en la práctica clínica. Ocho recomendaciones no tienen un formato apropiado. Únicamente 6 recomendaciones pueden ser aplicadas consistentemente en la práctica clínica. En 25 recomendaciones, se detectaron barreras de implementación relacionadas al contexto de una o más de las instituciones/regiones exploradas. Estas barreras se relacionan con las creencias de proveedores de salud y pacientes, procesos de atención en cada institución y disponibilidad de algunos de los tratamientos recomendados en la guía. Conclusiones. La guía contiene recomendaciones poco claras y concisas, lo que afecta negativamente a su aplicación dentro del primer nivel de atención mexicano. Identificamos características individuales, organizacionales y sistemáticas, comunes a las 3 instituciones/organizaciones estudiadas, que significan barreras para implementar la guía en México. Se recomienda que esta guía sea revisada y reestructurada con el fin de mejorar la claridad de sus recomendaciones. Proponemos algunas estrategias para hacer esto y atacar algunas de las barreras identificadas relacionadas dentro de las regiones exploradas (AU)

Barriers to implementing the "2008 Mexican Clinical Practice Guideline recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis" in primary healthcare practice.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementability of the "2008 Mexican Clinical Practice Guideline for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis at the primary level of care" within primary healthcare of three Mexican regions using the Guideline Implementability Appraisal methodology version 2 (GLIA.v2). METHODS: Six family physicians, representing the South, North, and Central Mexico, and one Mexican physiatrist evaluated the 45 recommendations stated by the Mexican guideline. The GLIA.v2 methodology includes the execution of qualitative and semi-quantitative techniques. RESULTS: Reviewers' agreement was between moderate to near complete in most cases. Sixty-nine percent of the recommendations were considered difficult to implement within clinical practice. Eight recommendations did not have an appropriate format. Only 6 recommendations were judged as able to be consistently applied to clinical practice. Barriers related to the context of one or more institutions/regions were identified in 25 recommendations. These barriers are related to health providers/patients' beliefs, processes of care within each institution, and availability of some treatments recommended by the guideline. CONCLUSIONS: The guideline presented problems of conciseness and clarity that negatively affect its application within the Mexican primary healthcare context. We identified individual, organizational and system characteristics, which are common to the 3 institutions/regions studied and constitute barriers for implementing the guideline to clinical practice. It is recommended that the 2008-Mexican-CPG-OA be thoroughly revised and restructured to improve the clarity of the actions implied by each recommendation. We propose some strategies to accomplish this and to overcome some of the identified regional/institutional barriers.