RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze women's perception in relation to their partner's reaction and behavior during the abortion process in two Brazilian capitals, associating the variables from women who suffered a spontaneous abortion with those from women who induced it. METHODS: semi-structured, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 285 women who underwent spontaneous abortion and 31 who reported having induced it. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique, and, subsequently, by the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition software program. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: in both capitals, the women who induced an abortion referred to the partner as the person who could not find out about the abortion (p<0.01 in Natal; p = 0.02 in São Paulo-SP) and, simultaneously, as the one who could have avoided it (p < 0.01 in Natal; p = 0.03 in São Paulo). In Natal-RN, induced abortion was associated with the partner's absence at the time pregnancy was confirmed (p = 0.02) and, in Sao Paulo-SP, with their negative reaction to news of the pregnancy (p = 0.04) and lack of participation in the abortion process (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: despite having achieved independence, women still regard male participation in the abortion process as an important factor. The specifics of each capital denote the influence of the geographic and cultural dimension, indicating the need to take into account the particulars of each region in Brazil while considering a holistic approach to women's health.
Assuntos
Aborto Induzido/psicologia , Aborto Espontâneo/psicologia , Cônjuges/psicologia , Aborto Induzido/estatística & dados numéricos , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
Objective: to analyze women's perception in relation to their partner's reaction and behavior during the abortion process in two Brazilian capitals, associating the variables from women who suffered a spontaneous abortion with those from women who induced it. Methods: semi-structured, questionnaire-based interviews were conducted with 285 women who underwent spontaneous abortion and 31 who reported having induced it. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique, and, subsequently, by the IBM SPSS Statistics Standard Edition software program. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: in both capitals, the women who induced an abortion referred to the partner as the person who could not find out about the abortion (p<0.01 in Natal; p = 0.02 in São Paulo-SP) and, simultaneously, as the one who could have avoided it (p < 0.01 in Natal; p = 0.03 in São Paulo). In Natal-RN, induced abortion was associated with the partner's absence at the time pregnancy was confirmed (p = 0.02) and, in Sao Paulo-SP, with their negative reaction to news of the pregnancy (p = 0.04) and lack of participation in the abortion process (p < 0.01). Conclusion: despite having achieved independence, women still regard male participation in the abortion process as an important factor. The specifics of each capital denote the influence of the geographic and cultural dimension, indicating the need to take into account the particulars of each region in Brazil while considering a holistic approach to women's health. .
Objetivo: analisar a percepção das mulheres quanto às reações e às condutas do parceiro no processo do abortamento, associando as variáveis entre mulheres que sofreram abortamento espontâneo e que o provocaram, nas cidades de Natal (RN) e de São Paulo (SP). Métodos: foram realizadas entrevistas semidirigidas com 285 mulheres que sofreram abortamento espontâneo e 31 mulheres que referiram tê-lo provocado. Os dados foram analisados pela Técnica de Análise Temática e, posteriormente, utilizou-se o programa IBM SPSS. O nível de significância utilizado foi p < 0,05. Resultados: em ambas as capitais, as mulheres que provocaram o abortamento referiram o parceiro como alguém que não poderia saber do abortamento (p < 0,01 em Natal; p = 0,02 em São Paulo) e, ao mesmo tempo, como aquele que poderia tê-lo evitado (p < 0,01 em Natal; p = 0,03 em São Paulo). Em Natal, o abortamento provocado foi associado à ausência do parceiro no momento da confirmação da gestação (p = 0,02) e, em São Paulo, a reações negativas quando noticiada a gravidez (p=0,04) e a não participação no processo do abortamento (p < 0,01). Conclusão: apesar da independência feminina conquistada, os resultados obtidos indicam que as mulheres que provocaram o abortamento percebem a participação masculina como importante no processo. As particularidades de cada capital denotam influência da dimensão geográfica e cultural, demonstrando a necessidade de uma assistência integral à saúde da mulher que respeite as especificidades de cada região do Brasil. .
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Aborto Induzido/psicologia , Aborto Espontâneo/psicologia , Cônjuges/psicologia , Aborto Induzido/estatística & dados numéricos , Aborto Espontâneo/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
PURPOSE: To identify the knowledge and awareness of health professionals regarding the Brazilian legislation on induced abortion. METHODS: Unidentified sealed envelopes containing the questionnaires were sent to all professionals (n=149) working in the Obstetrics Department of a university hospital and public hospital at the periphery of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. A total of 119 professionals responded to the questionnaire. The 0.05 confidence interval and the Fisher exact test and χ² test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 48.7% were physicians, 33.6% were nursing professionals and 17.6% were professionals from other fields (psychologists, nutritionists, physiotherapists, laboratory technicians and administrators). There was a significant difference (p=0.01) in the proportion of professionals who believe that abortion for non-lethal fetal malformation and due to unplanned pregnancies should be included in the Brazilian legislation. It was observed that the knowledge about the law and the description of the circumstances allowed by law on abortion was significantly different when comparing health professionals (p=0.01). When asked about the situations in which Brazilian law allows abortion, 32.7% of physicians, 97.5% of nursing professionals and 90.5% of other professionals were unaware of the law. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the lack of of knowledge of Brazilian law among health professionals, to a lesser extent among obstetricians and a to a greater extent among nursing professionals. Attitudes of discrimination and prejudice were observed regarding the care provided to women who induce an abortion.
Assuntos
Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar o conhecimento e a percepção dos profissionais da saúde em relação à legislação brasileira sobre o aborto provocado. MÉTODOS: Envelopes selados não identificados contendo os questionários foram enviados a todos os profissionais (n=149) que trabalham no Departamento de Obstetrícia de hospital universitário e de hospital público da periferia de São Paulo. Responderam ao questionário 119 profissionais. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se intervalo de confiança de 0,05 e os testes exatos de Fischer e χ². RESULTADOS: Dos profissionais entrevistados, 48,7 por cento eram médicos, 33,6 por cento profissionais da área de enfermagem e 17,6 por cento eram profissionais de outras áreas (psicólogos, nutricionistas, fisioterapeutas, administrativos e técnicos de laboratórios). Constatou-se diferença significativa (p=0,01) na proporção de profissionais que acreditam que o aborto por malformação fetal não letal e no aborto decorrente de gestações não planejadas deveriam ser incluídos na legislação brasileira. Observou-se que o conhecimento da legislação e da descrição das situações permitidas por lei acerca do aborto foi significativamente diferente na comparação entre os profissionais de saúde (p=0,01). Quando questionados sobre as situações em que a legislação brasileira permite o aborto, observou-se que 32,7 por cento dos médicos, 97,5 por cento profissionais da área de enfermagem e 90,5 por cento dos demais profissionais desconhecem a legislação vigente. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, evidenciou-se o desconhecimento dos profissionais de saúde com relação à legislação brasileira, em menor proporção entre obstetras e em maior proporção entre os profissionais da área de enfermagem. Foram constatadas atitudes de discriminação, julgamento e preconceito na assistência prestada às mulheres que provocam o aborto.
PURPOSE: To identify the knowledge and awareness of health professionals regarding the Brazilian legislation on induced abortion. METHODS: Unidentified sealed envelopes containing the questionnaires were sent to all professionals (n=149) working in the Obstetrics Department of a university hospital and public hospital at the periphery of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. A total of 119 professionals responded to the questionnaire. The 0.05 confidence interval and the Fisher exact test and χ² test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 48.7 percent were physicians, 33.6 percent were nursing professionals and 17.6 percent were professionals from other fields (psychologists, nutritionists, physiotherapists, laboratory technicians and administrators). There was a significant difference (p=0.01) in the proportion of professionals who believe that abortion for non-lethal fetal malformation and due to unplanned pregnancies should be included in the Brazilian legislation. It was observed that the knowledge about the law and the description of the circumstances allowed by law on abortion was significantly different when comparing health professionals (p=0.01). When asked about the situations in which Brazilian law allows abortion, 32.7 percent of physicians, 97.5 percent of nursing professionals and 90.5 percent of other professionals were unaware of the law. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the lack of of knowledge of Brazilian law among health professionals, to a lesser extent among obstetricians and a to a greater extent among nursing professionals. Attitudes of discrimination and prejudice were observed regarding the care provided to women who induce an abortion.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the coping strategies of women facing a diagnosis of fetal heart disease. METHODS: We interviewed 50 women who had received a diagnosis of fetal heart disease. For data collection we used a semi-directed and Coping Strategy Inventory. The interview was conducted, on average, 22 days after the diagnosis. RESULTS: When asked how they felt about the baby, 56.0% reported concern and fragility, while the remaining 44.0% said they were happy and well. The strategies most used by women were problem solving (73.0%), social support (69.1%) and escape/avoidance (62.7%), and the least used strategy was removal (17.3%). It was found that women with partners, as well as those with 1 or 2 children, used more the problem-solving strategy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The active coping strategies, focused on problem solving and seeking social support, coupled with the responsibility and the need for specific care for the survival and welfare of the baby, brought about a closer relationship with the pregnancy, strengthening the maternal-fetal bond.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Doenças Fetais , Cardiopatias , Gravidez/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk of suicidal behavior in high-risk pregnant women at a public hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: We conducted a semi-structured interview with each of the participants (n = 268) through a previously prepared questionnaire. Risk of suicidal behavior was assessed by the Portuguese version of PRIME-MD. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 29 years (SD = 0.507) and gestation period was 30 weeks (SD = 0.556). Of the total sample, specific risk of suicide was found in 5% (n = 14). Of these, 85% have a stable relationship (married or cohabitating), the pregnancy was planned in 50% of cases, and 71% have no religion or professional activities. The correlation of risk of suicide with data from marital status, planned birth, age, education, professional practice, risk of prematurity, and religion showed that having a religion is statistically significant (p = 0.012). There were no positive associations for any of the other selected variables when compared with the risk of suicide. By correlating the risk of suicide with other characteristic symptoms of major depression, there was statistical significance in the sample with regard to insomnia or hypersomnia (p = 0.003), fatigue or loss of energy (p = 0.001), decreased or increased appetite (p = 0.005), less interest in daily activities (p = 0.000), depressed mood (p = 0.000), feelings of worthlessness or guilt (p = 0.000), decreased concentration (p = 0.002), and agitation or psychomotor retardation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: We found that religion can be a protective factor against suicidal behavior. Besides providing a social support network needed by women during pregnancy, religion supports belief in life after death and in a loving God, giving purpose to life and self esteem and providing models for coping with crises. The results show the importance of prevention and early diagnosis of suicidal behavior, since suicide is an attempt to move from one sphere to another by force, seeking to solve what seems impossible.
Assuntos
Gravidez de Alto Risco/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Religião , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar o risco para comportamento suicida em gestantes de alto risco em um hospital público de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada entrevista semiestruturada com questionário previamente elaborado com cada uma das participantes (n = 268). O risco para suicídio foi identificado por meio da versão em português do PRIME-MD. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 29 anos (SD = 0,507) e 30 semanas gestacionais (SD = 0,556). Constatou-se risco específico para suicídio em 5 por cento (n = 14) do total da amostra. Destas gestantes, 85 por cento têm relacionamento estável (casada ou amasiada), em 50 por cento dos casos a gestação foi planejada, 71 por cento têm religião e não exercem atividade profissional. Quando correlacionados os dados de estado civil, planejamento da gestação, idade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, risco de prematuridade e religião com risco para suicídio, constatou-se que ter uma religião apresentou significância estatística (p = 0,012). Não foram encontradas associações positivas para nenhum dos outros itens selecionados, quando comparados com o risco para suicídio. Ao correlacionar o risco de suicídio com os demais sintomas característicos de depressão maior, observou-se significância estatística em relação à insônia ou hipersonia (p = 0,003), fadiga ou perda de energia (p = 0,001), diminuição ou aumento do apetite (p = 0,005), menor interesse nas atividades diárias (p = 0,000), humor deprimido (p = 0,000), sentimento de inutilidade ou culpa (p = 0,000), diminuição da concentração (p = 0,002), agitação ou retardo psicomotor (p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que a religião pode ser um fator protetor com relação ao comportamento suicida. Além de propiciar uma rede social de apoio da qual as mulheres necessitam no período gravídico, as religiões apoiam as crenças na vida após a morte e em um Deus amoroso, propiciando objetivos a vida e autoestima e fornecendo modelos de enfrentamento de crises. Os resultados sugerem a importância da prevenção e diagnóstico precoce do risco para suicídio, pois ocasionar a própria morte é uma tentativa de mudar de uma esfera para outra à força, buscando solução para o que parece impossível.
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk of suicidal behavior in high-risk pregnant women at a public hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: We conducted a semi-structured interview with each of the participants (n = 268) through a previously prepared questionnaire. Risk of suicidal behavior was assessed by the Portuguese version of PRIME-MD. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 29 years (SD = 0.507) and gestation period was 30 weeks (SD = 0.556). Of the total sample, specific risk of suicide was found in 5 percent (n = 14). Of these, 85 percent have a stable relationship (married or cohabitating), the pregnancy was planned in 50 percent of cases, and 71 percent have no religion or professional activities. The correlation of risk of suicide with data from marital status, planned birth, age, education, professional practice, risk of prematurity, and religion showed that having a religion is statistically significant (p = 0.012). There were no positive associations for any of the other selected variables when compared with the risk of suicide. By correlating the risk of suicide with other characteristic symptoms of major depression, there was statistical significance in the sample with regard to insomnia or hypersomnia (p = 0.003), fatigue or loss of energy (p = 0.001), decreased or increased appetite (p = 0.005), less interest in daily activities (p = 0.000), depressed mood (p = 0.000), feelings of worthlessness or guilt (p = 0.000), decreased concentration (p = 0.002), and agitation or psychomotor retardation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: We found that religion can be a protective factor against suicidal behavior. Besides providing a social support network needed by women during pregnancy, religion supports belief in life after death and in a loving God, giving purpose to life and self esteem and providing models for coping with crises. The results show the importance of prevention and early diagnosis of suicidal behavior, since suicide is an attempt to move from one sphere to another by force, seeking to solve what seems impossible.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Gravidez de Alto Risco/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Escolaridade , Complicações na Gravidez , Religião , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Avaliar as estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) das gestantes frente ao diagnóstico de cardiopatia fetal. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 50 gestantes que receberam o diagnóstico de cardiopatia fetal. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uma entrevista semidirigida e o Inventário de Estratégia de Coping. A entrevista foi realizada, em média, 22 dias após terem recebido o diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Ao investigar como se sentiam em relação ao bebê, 56,0 por cento relataram preocupação e fragilidade, enquanto que as demais (44,0 por cento) afirmaram estarem felizes e bem. As estratégias mais utilizadas pelas gestantes foram: resolução de problemas (73,0 por cento), suporte social (69,1 por cento), fuga/esquiva (62,7 por cento), e a estratégia menos utilizada foi a de afastamento (17,3 por cento). Constatou-se que as mulheres com companheiro, utilizaram mais a estratégia de resolução de problemas (p<0,05), assim como as que tinham entre 1 e 2 filhos (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: As estratégias de enfrentamento ativas, voltadas para a resolução de problemas e pela busca de suporte social, associadas à responsabilidade e à necessidade de cuidados específicos para a sobrevivência e o bem-estar do bebê, propiciaram uma relação mais próxima com a gestação, fortalecendo o vínculo materno-fetal.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the coping strategies of women facing a diagnosis of fetal heart disease. METHODS: We interviewed 50 women who had received a diagnosis of fetal heart disease. For data collection we used a semi-directed and Coping Strategy Inventory. The interview was conducted, on average, 22 days after the diagnosis. RESULTS: When asked how they felt about the baby, 56.0 percent reported concern and fragility, while the remaining 44.0 percent said they were happy and well. The strategies most used by women were problem solving (73.0 percent), social support (69.1 percent) and escape/avoidance (62.7 percent), and the least used strategy was removal (17.3 percent). It was found that women with partners, as well as those with 1 or 2 children, used more the problem-solving strategy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The active coping strategies, focused on problem solving and seeking social support, coupled with the responsibility and the need for specific care for the survival and welfare of the baby, brought about a closer relationship with the pregnancy, strengthening the maternal-fetal bond.