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1.
Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol ; 14(2): 153-159, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29268032

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Anticonvulsants that belong to the third generation are considered as 'newer' antiepileptic drugs, including: eslicarbazepine acetate, lacosamide, perampanel, brivaracetam, rufinamide and stiripentol. Areas covered: This article reviews pharmacodynamics (i.e. mechanisms of action) and clinically relevant drug-drug interactions of the third-generation antiepileptic drugs. Expert opinion: Newer antiepileptic drugs have mechanisms of action which are not shared with the first and the second generation anticonvulsants, like inhibition of neurotransmitters release, blocking receptors for excitatory amino acids and new ways of sodium channel inactivation. New mechanisms of action increase chances of controlling forms of epilepsy resistant to older anticonvulsants. Important advantage of the third-generation anticonvulsants could be their little propensity for interactions with both antiepileptic and other drugs observed until now, making prescribing much easier and safer. However, this may change with new studies specifically designed to discover drug-drug interactions. Although the third-generation antiepileptic drugs enlarged therapeutic palette against epilepsy, 20-30% of patients with epilepsy is still treatment-resistant and need new pharmacological approach. There is great need to explore all molecular targets that may directly or indirectly be involved in generation of seizures, so a number of candidate compounds for even newer anticonvulsants could be generated.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Interações Medicamentosas , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Terapia de Alvo Molecular
2.
Psychiatr Danub ; 27(1): 90-6, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25751442

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Delirium is an urgent condition in psychiatry and it occurs after long-lasting alcohol abuse, in surgical procedures and other organic mental syndromes with deprivation of interpersonal and social stimulations. The aim was to evaluate of sociodemographical and psychopathological differences in delirium patients with alcoholand surgical genesis, studied in period from January 1(st) 2003 to December 31(st) 2012 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were divided into two groups: alcoholics (N=75) and surgical patients (N=75) and multicentric, prospective study was performed in B&H. The following instruments have been used: list of general data (according to MCD-10 criteria), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Becks test of anxiety (BAI), Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale (HDRS) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Descriptive and analytical statistical processing of patients has been performed (alpha level: 0.001). RESULTS: Patients from alcohol group showed, with statistical significance p=0.001, the following: unemployment (OR=0.657, CI 0.540-670), ruined marriage (OR=0.570, CI 0.650-710), alcohol abuse (OR=0.179, CI 0.860-0.990), on represented expressed psychoticism, (OR=0.635, CI 0.550-0.715) in EPQ test, HDRS total was more frequent (OR=0.925, CI 0.870-1.120) and on MMSE test, total score was more frequent (OR=0.560, CI 0.570-810). Postoperative patients were older p=0.001 (OR=1.120, CI 1.082-1.159) with acutestress: (OR=0.735, CI 0.650-0.910) and showed neuroticism (OR=-0.660, CI 0.575-0.715). Discriminative function confirms the differences between alcohol and surgical groups of delirium patients: Canonical Fcn: r=0.771; Wilkin's lambda (λnj)=0.773 Student's test=57.551 and significance p=0.001; OR=0.760, CI 0.550-0.870. CONCLUSION: Delirium lasts longer in alcohol group with higher disalienation, depression of cognitive functions with organic lesions of cerebral functions. In surgical patients, delirium is the consequence of older age, acute stress, multi-morbidity, with neuroticism, vegetative disorders (HDRS) and temporary lesion on MMSE test. Delirium state in both groups requires intensive care and multidisciplinary work.


Assuntos
Delírio , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Delírio/diagnóstico , Delírio/epidemiologia , Delírio/etiologia , Delírio/psicologia , Demografia , Transtorno Depressivo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/psicologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicopatologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos
3.
Med Pregl ; 66(11-12): 464-9, 2013.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24575634

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Destructiveness in aggressive behavior is interpreted as having many causes, the psychiatric ones being of biological, social and psychopathological nature. This study was aimed at examining the differences among the perpetrators who have committed crimes and misdemeanors in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from January 1st, 2003 to December 31st, 2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective, multicentric study used the following measuring instruments: list of general data. Hamilton Rating Scale, the Emotional Profile Index with descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Multivariate regression analysis showed that the following variables were significantly associated with violence P=0.001: long treatments OR= 810 (95), CI 0.770 -1.110], migrations [OR=0.830 (95%), CI = 0.825 -1.125,], depression [OR=1.150 (95%); CI=0.790-0.990] and the destructiveness revealed by the Emotional Profile Index test. Misdemeanors were significantly related with the following variables: P =0.001: father's education [OR=0.910 (95%), CI=0.620-1.100]; living in a suburb [OR=0.850 (95%), CI = 0.930 -1.25, P<0.001], destructiveness [OR= 0.670 (95%), CI= 990-1.210, P<0.001]; incorporation and bias on Emotional Profile Index test. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed the increase of destructiveness in aggressive behavior in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is of great medical and legal significance. The study points to the social and psychopathological characteristics of aggression in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Criminosos/psicologia , Psicopatologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência/psicologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica
4.
Med Pregl ; 62(7-8): 358-62, 2009.
Artigo em Bosnio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19902789

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study encompassed the total number of homicides in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1st January 1997 to 31st December 2006 and then analysed homicidal behaviour. The aim is to assess the differences between the people who committed violent and those who committed accidental homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a multicentric, retrospective study of comparing the groups with equal number of respondents we analysed the individuals who had committed violent (n=135) and accidental homicides (n=135). The homicides were tested by using sociodemographic and psychosocial items. Measurement instruments were: General data list, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Emotions Profile Index (EPI). The descriptive and multivariable logistic analysis was done statistically. RESULTS: In the descriptive analysis the socio-demographically violent murderers were: male gender (chi 2=3.340, P=0.009), more workers than officials (chi 2=7.340, P=0.011), fathers were more often workers/farmers (chi 2=1.430, P=0.046), gambling (chi 2=13.100, P=0.001) and possible recidivism (chi 2=6.770, a P=0.001). The accidental murderers were family people (chi 2=4.100, P=0.041), with more frequent drug abuse (chi 2=3.190, P=0.012) and they would not repeat the delict. In the multivariate analysis the violent murderers were highly discriminated (P=0.001) from accidental ones by: war involvement r=0.1148, OR=2.971 (95%), CI=1.040-7.890; age, father's education, psychoticism (EPQ) r =-0.1085, OR=0.291 (95%), CI=0.110-0870, HDRS-total r=-0.1797, OR=0.830 (95%), CI=0.710-0.930, destructiveness r=0.1270, OR=1.560 (95%), (CI=1.197-2.032, and deprivation in the P. I. E. tests. CONCLUSION: By the violence of their acts murderers confirm micro-social model of transferring the violence, and transition and heredity confirm the ecological-developmental trans-generation model of violence. Accidental murderers commit homicide in anomy, with intoxications and prolonged psycho-traumatism.


Assuntos
Acidentes/psicologia , Homicídio/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina/epidemiologia , Feminino , Psiquiatria Legal , Homicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Hell J Nucl Med ; 12(2): 129-31, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19675865

RESUMO

Retention of iodine in the thyroid gland is the result of renal excretion and transport of iodine to thyroid cells. Both processes are affected by furosemide. The aim of our study was to test whether furosemide influenced radioiodine-131 ((131)I) retention in the thyroid gland of living mice. Our methods were as follows: After 15 days of low-iodine diet, 19 Swiss mice received an intra-peritoneal injection of 0.37+/-0.03 MBq of (131)I. Thereafter, 11 mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of furosemide (0.3 mg/kg, every 8 h, for 72 h), Group A and 8 mice served as controls, Group B. Seventy-two hours after (131)I administration, the mice were anaesthetized, their thyroids were carefully extirpated, and their radioactivity was measured by a gamma counter. Our results showed that the mean value of (131)I retention after 72 h was 63.09% in Group A and 82.25% in Group B. The difference between these two groups was significant (T=3.0919, P=0.0033). In conclusion, furosemide after the administration of (131)I, decreases retention of (131)I in the thyroid gland in mice. The well known increase of iodine renal excretion by furosemide and consequently decrease of iodine blood pool may be the reason for this decreased (131)I retention by the thyroid gland.


Assuntos
Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Radioisótopos do Iodo/farmacocinética , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Animais , Diuréticos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Cintilografia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Distribuição Tecidual/efeitos dos fármacos
6.
Med Pregl ; 62(5-6): 268-72, 2009.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19650565

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Testament is a solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his or her will as to disposal of his or her estate, and it has a psychopathological, lawful and ethical importance to a person, family and society. The aim of the study was to assess if the ability to make a testament was more damaged in patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) than in patients with other diseases that resulted in Chronic Renal Failure in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from the 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 753 respondents were divided into two groups in the study: BEN group (n=150) and control group made of patients with other diseases resulting in CRF (n=150). In a multicentric longitudinal study we used: adapted questionnaire from the Renal Register of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Descriptive analysis, discriminative function and regression model have been done statistically. RESULTS: In BEN group, heirs are mostly mentioned - 84.0% (t=14.391; P=0.001), and in control group: heirs - 66.6%, relatives - 43.3% (t=7.751; P=0.003), carers - 44.0% (t= 6.678 P=0.032), and institutions 10.0% (t=5.147, P=0.061). The discriminative function shows differences between BEN and control group: canonical correlation (rc) =0.827, Wilkinson lambda (lambda nj) =0.871, Chi-square test =141.575 and significance (P=0.001). The regression course of the analysis can be used for prediction of the ability to make testament for the patients on dialysis. [y=-0.95x + 15.715, and OR = 0.785, (95%) for CI = -0.997 - -0.375); Can Fanc r2=0.861: Significance is P=0.002]. CONCLUSION: The ability to make a testament is more damaged in patients from the nephropathy group than in the patients from the control group who are on dialysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This has been confirmed by socio-demographic and psychological parameters, and it is very important for preservation of the ethic norms of the patients on dialysis, responsibility of the expert teams and persons who are benefitiaries of the testament.


Assuntos
Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Competência Mental , Testamentos , Idoso , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/terapia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Diálise Renal
7.
Coll Antropol ; 33(1): 179-85, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19408623

RESUMO

This study deals with frequency and form of euthanasia in dialysis patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) within the period from 2000 to 2006. Of total number of 2700 patients on dialysis we examined n = 753 of them. Examinees with the Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) (n = 348) were in the first group, and the Control group was formed of patients with other diseases (n = 405). In this study the following methods were used: adapted Questionnaire from the Renal Registry of B&H, Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Mini-Mental Scale of Estimation (MMSE). Age of the BEN group of patients ranged: 64.77 +/- 8.86 and the control one 53.85 +/- 3.60. Multivariate analysis for the BEN group with passive euthanasia was: 0.760 (95%, CI = 0.590-0.710) (p = 0.001) and for the active one was 0.450 (95%, CI = 0.125-0.510 (p = 0.001). Euthanasia is associated with the rural life and renal heredity, and psychological BAI scale-total, HDRS-total and MMSE-total. For the BEN group passive euthanasia is 3.75% as well as active 0.86%. The findings stressed that euthanasia of dialysis patients requires better nephrological-psychiatric control and social care in B&H as well as complete program for the CRF samples protection too.


Assuntos
Eutanásia , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Entrevista Psiquiátrica Padronizada , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
8.
Urology ; 73(5): 1136-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18400280

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: A neurotransmitter role for glutamate in the autonomous nervous system was recently demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract, and its stimulatory effect on spontaneous motility of human ureter was shown. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of glutamate on the release of neurotransmitters from intramural nerves of the human ureter. METHODS: The effects of exogenous glutamate were tested on electric field-stimulated contractions of isolated human ureter, taken from 16 adult patients after nephrectomy. The longitudinal tension and intraluminal pressure of the isolated ureter were recorded simultaneously. The electric field stimulation was done with square wave pulses (20 V through electrodes, 400 mA, duration 1 ms, frequency 16 Hz). The pulse trains lasted for 30 s, a with 30-s pause. RESULTS: Glutamate (7.9 x 10(-6) M/L to 10.6 x 10(-3) M/L) and kainic acid (6.3 x 10(-8) M/L to 2.2 x 10(-5) M/L) produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the electric field-stimulated activity of the isolated preparations. However, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (9.1 x 10(-8) M/L to 3.1 x 10(-5) M/L), (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (7.2 x 10(-8) M/L to 3.2 x 10(-6) M/L) and (+/-)-1-Aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (7.7 x 10(-8) M/L to 6.5 x 10(-5) M/L) were ineffective. The electric field-stimulated contractions of isolated ureter were also inhibited by lidocaine (3.70 x 10(-4)M/L) and atropine (1.00 x 10(-6)M/L). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that glutamate inhibits electric field-stimulated release of acetylcholine in the human ureter through activation of kainate ionotropic receptors, located on the intramural nerve fibers.


Assuntos
Ácido Glutâmico/farmacologia , Ácido Caínico/farmacologia , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Ureter/efeitos dos fármacos , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Intervalos de Confiança , Estimulação Elétrica , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Liso/fisiologia , Nefrectomia/métodos , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Ureter/fisiologia
9.
Toxicol In Vitro ; 22(8): 1878-82, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18848615

RESUMO

The toxicity of platinum(II) ion could be significantly modified by coordination with some organic compounds. In our study, the cytotoxicity and the influence of platinum(II) complexes, such as cisplatin, cis-[PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)], [PtCl(2)(SMC)] and [PtCl(2)(DMSO)(2)] (where SMC is S-methyl-l-cysteine and DMSO is dimethyl sulphoxide) on spontaneous motility of isolated human fallopian tubes were investigated. Cisplatin showed potent pro-apoptotic effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were substantially less sensitive to [PtCl(2)(SMC)] and [PtCl(2)(DMSO)], and these compounds showed no toxic effect on PBMC in all concentrations examined. Cisplatin showed concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous contractions of the isolated ampulla. (EC(50)=1.14+/-0.03 x 10(-6)M/l, r=0.714, p<0.05) while [PtCl(2)(SMC)] and [PtCl(2)(DMSO)(2)] did not affect spontaneous contractions of isolated fallopian tube ampulla.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Cisplatino/toxicidade , Tubas Uterinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/química , Cisteína/análogos & derivados , Cisteína/química , Dimetil Sulfóxido/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Tubas Uterinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Leucócitos Mononucleares/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo
10.
Coll Antropol ; 32(2): 587-94, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18756915

RESUMO

The aim of this article is to compare the incidence of thanatophobia in dialysed patients having Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) with a control group (N18) members where some of them have chronic renal failure (CRF), but not (BEN). We examined thanatophobia on a sample of 753 dialysed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) during the period from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2006. The first group is a cohort consisted of 348 patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), and the control group consisted of 405 randomly selected patients with different diagnoses of CRF (N18). The measurement instruments used were: General data list, Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Univariante and multivariante statistical analyses were carried out. From the multivariante analysis, the highest correlations with thanatophobia were found in these variables: avoidance of dialysis in BEN group: R=0.985, OR=0.358, CI=0.483-0.728 (95%), and in control group: R=0.550, OR=0.935, CI=0.615-0.830 (95%), age, years on dialysis, education, pervasive fear with statistical significance P=0.001. BEN group differentiates from control group: BAI-total (R=1.110, OR=0.578 (95%), CI=0.770-0.890, P=0.001), HDRS-total (R=0.995, OR=1.290 (95%), CI=1.180-1.920 P=0.001. BEN group have lower scores than the control group in MMSE-total: (R=0.430, OR=0.023 (95%), CI=0.034-2.850, P=0.001) which represents the organic part of anxiety. Thanatophobia is present in both groups, but it is more frequent in the BEN (11.70%) than in control group (7.50%). We found that thanatophobia occurs before dialysis, and that it is structured as a pervasive fear of death and is associated with endemia, years spent on dialysis, and avoidance of dialysis.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Morte , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Medo , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Med Arh ; 62(1): 25-9, 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18543750

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nephrologic patients have somatisation disorder that can be primary disorder when fear is dominant or secondary disorder in the frame of other organic and mental disorders. AIM: To evaluate, somatisaton disorder is more offten accompanied with microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with suspected endemic nephropathy than in patients with some other nephrologic disorder, in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) during period from January the 1st of 2000 to December the 31st of 2006. METHOD: Somatisation disorders were proved in patients with microalbuminuria (MA) in nephropathic group (n = 200), and they were compared to the patients with MA in other nephrologic disorders (n = 200). The study took place from January, the 1st of 2000 to December, the 31st of 2006, and it was a multicentric, longitudinal, comparative study in B&H. Patients were questioned using: B&H Renal register questionnaire adapted for this study and psychological tests: Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Statistical analysis was done using descriptive methods and multivariate logistic model. RESULTS: In nephropathic group (t = 23.103, P = 0.001) somatisation disorder F45.0 was found in 10.50%, while it was found in 7.00% patients in control group. On multivariate model, somatisation disorder in nephropathic group F45.0 was -4.00%, r = 0.950, OR = 0.875 (95%), CI = 0.710-0.820; undifferentiated disorder -4.00%, hypochondria -3.50%, disfunction of VNS -1.50%, pain disorder -1.00% and 0.50% of other disorders life in house, village and renal heredity. Somatisation disorder in control group was 2.50%, r = 0.815, OR = 0.985 (95%), CI = 0.710-0.920, P = 0.001, undifferentiated disorder -2.50%, disfunction of VNS -2.00%, pain -1.50%, and -1.00% hypochondria with migration, living in flat and town. CONCLUSION: Majority of the patients tested on microalbuminuria had somatisation of fear, and nephropathic somatisation disorder F45.0 was found in 10.50% comparing to 7.00% of controls, comfirming somatisation of anxiety in nephrologic patients. Somatisation was proved using sociodemographic and variables of anxiety, depressivness and cognitive disturbance.


Assuntos
Nefropatias/psicologia , Transtornos Somatoformes/complicações , Adulto , Albuminúria/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria
12.
Vojnosanit Pregl ; 64(11): 733-7, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18050966

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: There is an increasing need for evaluation of working ability due to lower level of social protection of workers and growing number of patients with mental diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The aim of this study was to establish the influence of mental diseases on the occurrence of disability of I and III categories in B&H during the period from January 1st 2005 to December 31st 2006. METHODS: This study involved 1792 examinees with the complete loss of working ability (I disability category) (n = 921). Disability category III consisted of persons with limited working ability (n = 871). The instruments of research in this multricentric and retrospective study were the forms P-6 and D-2 for the years of service in B&H, and the form IN for persons with years of service abroad and personal features questionnaire (EPQ). RESULTS: The study included 1494 men (78.5%) and 298 women (21.5%). Univariant analysis represented very high statistical significance (p = 0.001) concerning: age (X2 = 65.428), years of service (X2=28.438), drinking (X2 = 33.234), smoking (X2=70.880), father's education (X2 = 58.124), migrations (X2 = 14.874), sick leave (X2 = 29.190), medical treatment (X2 = 95.073) and rehabilitation (X2 = 29.453). Multivariant analysis represented the influence on disability cate gory I by parameters such as: years of service, sick leave, psychoticism and depression (p = 0.001). Hospital treatment and fatigation had influence on disability in both groups. Mental diseases are the leading cause in disability category I in 14.98% and in disability category III in 9.3% persons. Leading diseases in both disability categories were depression and schizophrenia followed by alcoholism, anxiety, brain organ psychosyndrome (BOPS) and other diseases. CONCLUSION: The following parameters have highest influence on the disability category: the years of service, sick leave, psychoticism, depression, and long-lasting disease, medical treatments and fatigation on the disability category III.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
13.
Med Pregl ; 60(5-6): 277-81, 2007.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17988063

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Behavior of rape victims is an enigma associated with the following phenomena: poverty, transition, legal weaknesses, and unintegrated mental health network. The aim of the study was to investigate rape victimization in relation to anomie, stress and postwar transition-related weaknesses in B&H in the period 1996-2005; and perform a personal analysis of rape victims. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experimental group consisted of rape victims receiving psychiatric treatment: non-violent victimization (n=125). It included random female victims with mental diseases: victimization by abuse of power and unclear victimization. The control group consisted of violent victimization victims (n=125, females). This was a multicentric, longitudinal, prospective study. Intercorrelation, univariate and canonical discrimination analyses were performed. RESULTS: Rape offenders were of male gender (chi2 = 29.970) statistical significance p < 0.001), from broken families was (chi2 = 0.830), migration (chi2 = 0.064), and heredity (chi2 = 0.406). Victimization was classified as non-violent, social, unclear and violent. Non-violent victimization occurred in 19.03% (2001) to 24.46% (2004). Abuse of mental patients was recorded in 16.08% (2002) and 22.61% (2000), and abuse of power in 2.12% (2000) and 3.55% (2000), whereas unclear rape occurred in 0.88% (2004) and 1.74% (2002). We have found that patients from the primary group are significantly more anxious and depressed in total score and in individual items. CONCLUSION: Non-violent victimization was committed by persons with impaired intelligence, acute psychotic crisis, and substance abuse. Social victimization and criminally unclear rapes were of transitional character. Victimization was caused by (post) war anomy, poverty, stress and violence. It is given insufficient significance because of high prevalence and "dark number" of victims. The study emphasizes the role of psychiatry as well as weakness of the system in the deinstitutionalization.


Assuntos
Vítimas de Crime , Estupro , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estupro/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Violência , Guerra
14.
Med Arh ; 61(2): 86-90, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17629140

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Aim of the study was to confirm depersonalization/derealization in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy in comparison with other patients on dialysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina within the period 01.01.2000 -31-12-2006. years. METHOD: Examined were 753 out of 2770 dialyzed patients and they were divided into two groups: those with Balkan endemic nephropathy--BEN group (N+348) and the control group of other diseases N18. Patients were followed-up form 01.01.2000 to 31.12. 2006. when the study was made. It is comparative, cross-sectional study and Questionnaire from the renal Registry of B&H adapted to the mental health and psychological tests--Eizenck's personality characteristics test, Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HDRS) and Mini Mental State evaluation were used. RESULTS: Depersonalization was in BEN group present in 3.50% of cases (chi2 = 70.880, df = 2 p < 0.001), a derealization in 3.75% (chi2 = 117.678, df = 2, p < 0.002) and depersonalization/ derealization in 1.19% of them (chi2 = 218.457, df = 2, p < 0.002). Regression analysis was: y = -0.93x + 14.818, a CI = 95% for Fisher's (Z = -0.995462 to -0.26481). CanFanc r2 = 0.86, P = 0.002 za 87.5% for depersonalization prediction in HRF. CONCLUSION: In patients on dialyzed treatment in BaH depersonalization sui generis was found in group BEN 3.50% of cases, derealization in 3.57% of them and in group N18 depersonalization in 3.32% of them and possibility to predict depersonalization is 87.50%.


Assuntos
Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Despersonalização/complicações , Idoso , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/terapia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos
15.
Vojnosanit Pregl ; 64(3): 183-8, 2007 Mar.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17438963

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Different persons show forensic differences related to aggressive behavior in criminal and violation acts. The aim of this study was to forensicly analyze the influence of socio-dynamic conditions and stress in testing the forensic hypothesis of hetero-destruction, and analysis of persons with destructive behavior in Bosnia and Hertzegovina (B&H) in the period from 1996-2005. METHODS: The experimental group consisted of 125 persons who had committed a crime according to the Criminal Law of B&H and, thus were under security measures or treatment The control group consisted of 125 persons who had committed a violation. The following psychometric tests/questionnaires were used in the study: Eysenek Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Profile Index of Emotions (PIE). RESULTS: There were a significant difference between the respondents' groups related to gender (p < 0.01), while broken family, migration, and family comorbidity showed insignificant differences. EPQ test showed statistically significant differences between the groups for all four variables, and Beck test found significant differences only for some ones. PIE test proved the relations of the basic emotions confirmed by discriminative function. CONCLUSION: High level of hetero-destruction in crime was proven in the study. Criminal acts and violations were committed by the persons without psychopathology, as well as by the persons with mental diseases, which rendered a forensic responsibility and analysis of such an influence on behavior.


Assuntos
Crime/psicologia , Guerra , Adulto , Agressão , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Feminino , Psiquiatria Legal , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Psicometria , Fatores Socioeconômicos
16.
Med Pregl ; 60(9-10): 484-8, 2007.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18265597

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Anxiety, as a primary symptom, includes all conditions of indefinite fear and psychic disorders dominated by fear. All dialysis patients suffer from anxiety as an independent phenomenon, or as part of another disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 753 patients on chronic hemodialysis in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in the period 1999-2004. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 348 patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN), and the control group included 405 patients with other diagnoses causing renal insufficiency (N18). The study was designed as a comparative cross sectional study, and patients were tested using questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression and general mental health status. Statistical analysis was done using standard descriptive and analytical methods. RESULTS: Socio-demographic data showed highly significant differences between BEN and N18 in relation to place of residence (urban/rural) (chi2 = 23.970) p < 0.01: in the incidence of renal comorbidity (chi2 = 23.970) p < 0.01, familial renal comorbidity (chi2 = 23.970) p < 0.01 and mnigrations (chi2 = 4.874) p < 0.01. Beck Anxiety Inventory Scores were highly significantly different between the two groups p < 0.001, in regard to the incidence and variables. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale demonstrated a group significance p < 0.001, and variables pointed to somatization, general anxiety and depression. This was confirmed by mini-mental state examnination pointing to general mental weakness. CONCLUSION: Anxiety appeared in all tested dialysis patients. It may be independent, somatized as part of another mental disorder or reinforced by a cognitive damage. Structured anxiety and depression result in pre-suicidal risk.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Idoso , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/terapia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologia , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
17.
Psychiatr Danub ; 18(1-2): 39-47, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16804498

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study is an investigation of parasuicidal presentations in young people in Bosnia during the period from 1992 to 2004. The other aims were: an analysis of the stress as well as the personal and emotional traits of suicidal subjects. METHODS: Two groups of young people were investigated: 90 with parasuicidal caracteristics and 90 controls who had experienced emotional and behavioral crises during adolescence. The study is longitudinal and stratified according to the qualities of the parasuicidal behaviour. The tests used in this study (LOP, Ci, CMI, EPQ-98 and P.I.E.) are statistically elaborated by standard descriptive and analytical methods. RESULTS: The results show the following factors to be highly significant: destruction and violence inside the families (p < 0.001) as well as migration and heredity (p < 0.05). Discriminative analysis (rc) confirmed group difference in neuroticism = 0.95541, F=38.321 with significance factor of p < 0.001. EPQ test in parasuicidal subjects shows high level of neuroticism and psychoticism while controls show extroversion and conformism. Canonical Fcn = 0.6634, rc = 0.771, df = 4 chi(2) = 85.73, p < 0.001. P.I.E. clearly differentiated parasuicidal group from adolescent, control group: Hi quadrant test chi(2) = 101.361 and statistical significance p < 0.001. Results show: 1. suicide: n = 7 (7.7%), parasuicide: n = 84 (43.6%) and maturation: n = 89 (48.9%). CONCLUSION: Representation of parasuicidal behaviour was found in both groups of examinees, but the forms are more represented in parasuicide. Sociodemographic difference between the examined groups was proved, and stress, personal and emotional structures of parasuicide were confirmed by discrimination analysis. Auto-destructivity shows even quicker forms of destruction and longer forms of self-destruction.


Assuntos
Agressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Ansiedade/psicologia , Bósnia e Herzegóvina , Comorbidade , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/psicologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Transtornos Neuróticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Neuróticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Neuróticos/psicologia , Inventário de Personalidade , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Estatística como Assunto , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia
18.
Vojnosanit Pregl ; 63(4): 397-402, 2006 Apr.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16683410

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Thanatophobia is an exaggerated, specific, structured fear of death. It appears in childhood and continues to grow over the years, and in the old age it is accompanied with nosophobia and other mental disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze thanatophobia in dialysed patients which was in the direct connection with a basic disorder, and the influence of this disorder on functioning and the quality of life of the patients on dialysis. METHODS: In the study we examined 753 patients from the chronic program of haemodialysis in a period from 1999 to 2004. The patiens were classified in two groups: 348 randomized patients with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN), and the control group (N18) of patients with terminal renal insufficiency, and other diagnoses (n = 405). Since the study was a comparative, cross-sectional one, the patients were tested by the appropriate questionnaires for anxiety, depression and general mental functioning. Statistical analysis was done by the standard descriptive and analytic statistic methods. RESULTS: Based on socio-demographics data we revealed a highly significant difference regarding the place of living between the groups BEN and N18 (chi2 = 23.970; p < 0.01), the frequency of occurrence of renal comorbidity (chi2 = 23.970; p < 0.01), the frequency of familly renal comorbidity in siblings (chi2 = 23.970; p < 0.01), and the frequency of migrationes (chi2 = 4.874; p < 0.01). According to psychiatry scales, the patiens from the BEN group were significantly more anxious and depressive than those from the control group. CONCLUSION: The signs of thanatophobia were revealed in both examined groups, but significantly more in the patients with BEN than in those with other nephrologic diseases. Thanatophobia starts before dialysis, and dialysis structures it into fear of death which is in a direct connection with the basic disorder. This intensive fear may be connected with dementia and depression, but also with other mental disorders.


Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Morte , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/psicologia , Medo , Falência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Transtornos Fóbicos/diagnóstico , Diálise Renal , Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Nefropatia dos Bálcãs/terapia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Masculino , Transtornos Fóbicos/complicações , Diálise Renal/psicologia
19.
Med Arh ; 60(1): 44-8, 2006.
Artigo em Bosnio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16425534

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Subject of the study is suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour in B&H in the period 1992-2004 in relation to transition, anomie and structures of suicidal personalities. METHOD: Two self-destructive groups (in 2001 and in 2005) were tested in B&H. The test group consists of n = 125 subjects who had suicide, and control group consists of n = 125 persons with parasuicidal behaviour. WE USED: GDL, EPQ, HAMD and Pluchic's test in a longitudinal study stratified by the seriousness of suicide and quality of parasuicide. RESULTS: Self-destructivity has been increasing in B&H. Socio-demographic data of the suicide are: gender = 73.3 +/- 2.5 (m) 26.7 +/- 2.7 (f), broken family = 34.4 +/- 4.8, migration = 52.2 +/- 3.2, heredity = 46.7 +/- 2.0 and parasuicide: gender = 47.8% +/- 5.2(m), 26.7 +/- 2.7(f), broken family = 41.1% +/- 5.2, migration = 54.4% +/- 4.6, heredity = 41.3 +/- 2.8. EPQ in suicide is: M +/- SD--neuroticism = 16,73 +/- 7.03, psychosis = 18,21 +/- 6.64, and in parasuicide extroversion = 15,37 +/- 4.21 and Lay-scale = 13,95 +/- 3.37, and significance p<0.01. HAMD is increased in suicide: H +/- SD: depression: 2.99 +/- 1.21, emotion of guilt = 2.19 +/- 1.14, suicide = 3.91 +/- 1.19, early insomnia = 2.11 +/- 1.21, anxiety = 1.93 +/- 1.21 with p<0.01, and in parasuicide: hypochondria = 1.77 +/- 0.95, depersonalization = 1.71 +/- 0.65, and O-K-signs = 1.59 +/- 0.79 with p<0.01. Pluchic's test separates basic emotions, and all is gathered by matrix of discriminative function. CONCLUSION: High level of self-destruction in suicidal and parasuicidal behaviour is proven in the study. Suicide shows faster self-destruction and a way of suicidal end, and parasuicide slower destruction with postponing the suicidal crash. Sign of suicide and parasuicide can be found in both groups of respondents and the ways of expression are different, but definite in suicide.


Assuntos
Comportamento , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Personalidade , Fatores Socioeconômicos
20.
Med Pregl ; 59(11-12): 567-71, 2006.
Artigo em Sérvio | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17633899

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Rape is a sexual act of violence in which physical strength is used. Criminal law imposes strict punishments for such crimes as rape. Psycho-pathologically, rape is among the gravest of crimes, often associated with extremely deviated behavior. This article deals with the forensic aspects of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 2000 - 2004. We report about sexual assaults, personality of delinquents, motives and consequences of rape. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two groups of violent offenders were compared in the study: perpetrators of rape (NA = 90), and perpetrators of other criminal offences (N = 90 - recidivists). The control group included young males (N = 90). RESULTS: The results of the study show a high level of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The rape rate equals the level of homicide in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Rape offenders are mostly people with personal disorders (70%), but they also present with other illnesses and behavior disorders. CONCLUSION: The significance of rape as a violent crime has not been sufficiently studied. High incidence of violence and rape in Bosnia and Herzegovina is extremely disturbing. The most disturbing aspect is the increase of violence and failure to take certain measures. The role of psychiatry is to provide penal education, treatment and programs for elimination of consequences of rape.


Assuntos
Psiquiatria Legal , Estupro/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Psicologia Criminal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria
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