Who Is Serving Us? Food Safety Rules Compliance Among Brazilian Food Truck Vendors.

The rise of food trucks as an eating out option requires knowledge of this sector. Balancing the reality of the food truck sector with access to safe food should guide actions and public policies to cater to its peculiarities. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the Brazilian food truck vendors' profile regarding their socioeconomic status and compliance with food safety rules. From the 118 food truck vendors registered in the Brazilian Federal District, 30% (n = 35) participated in the study. We conducted structured interviews from December 2017 to April 2018. We ranked compliance levels according to a five-point Likert scale based on calculated compliance scores. The interviews revealed that food truck vendors were mostly married males, who had completed at least a tertiary education level, and wanted to start up their own businesses. The compliance levels depict good compliance with food safety rules (overall compliance (OC)-score = 0.69, on a 0 to 1 scale). The food trucks assessed in this study distinguished themselves from the street food and food retail sectors due to their operational structure and the complexity of food production processes. Those particular features should be considered to ensure adequate and effective sanitary control and inspections, as well as to reduce the probability of microbial growth and food contamination and the consequent risk of foodborne illnesses.

Safety in the hypertriglyceridemia treatment with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus / Seguridad en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia con n-3 ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en el metabolismo de la glucosa en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hypertriglyceridemia and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Current literature reveals the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in hypertriglyceridemia treatment, however the safety for type 2 diabetic subjects are still debatable. This literature review discusses the safety on glucose metabolism of n-3 PUFA supplementation in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A literature review was conducted on EMBASE and MEDLINE database to investigate clinical trials published since 1990 until June 2014 that investigated the effects of dietary/supplementation n-3 PUFA intake in hypertriglyceridemia treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Results and Discussion: Fourteen clinical trials (n = 2,105) were included in this review. All trials reported areduction in triglycerides levels between 12 - 34% in intra- group and 15 - 36% in between-groups analysis. Four trials showed a significant increase in LDL-c (6 - 18%) and another four in HDL-c levels (4 - 15%). No significantchanges were found to total cholesterol, VLDL-c, fasting glucose, HbA1C, and insulin sensitivity index. Conclusions: The n-3 PUFA supplementation leads animprovement on TG levels and did not result in any impairment on glucose metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus being a safe option to treat the diabetic population (AU)

Introducción: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 aumenta el riesgo de hipertrigliceridemia y es un factor de riesgo independiente para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La literatura actual revela efectos beneficiosos de n-3 ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (n-3 AGPI) en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia, sin embargo, la seguridad de este tratamento en los sujetos diabéticos tipo 2 es discutible. Esta revisión de la literatura discute la seguridad del n-3 PUFA la suplementación sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos MEDLINE y EMBASE del los ensayos clínicos publicados con fecha posterior al 1990 hasta Junio de 2014 sobre los efectos de la ingesta / suplementos del n-3 AGPI en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados y Discusión: Catorce estudios clínicos (n = 2105) se incluyeron en esta revisión. Del estudios informaron una reducción en los niveles de triglicéridos entre 12 a 34% en interior del grupo comparación y de 15 a 36% en entre grupos análisis. Cuatro estudios mostraron un aumento significativo en el LDL-c (6-18%) y otros cuatro en los niveles de HDL-c (4 - 15%). No se encontraron cambios significativos en el colesterol total, VLDL-c, la glucosa, HbA1c y el índice de sensibilidad a la insulina. Conclusión: El n-3 AGPI suplementación lleva una mejora en los niveles de triglicéridos y no arrojaron deterioro en el metabolismo de la glucosa en pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 siendo una opción segura para el tratamiento de la población diabética (AU)

Safety in the hypertriglyceridemia treatment with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hypertriglyceridemia and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Current literature reveals the beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in hypertriglyceridemia treatment, however the safety for type 2 diabetic subjects are still debatable. This literature review discusses the safety on glucose metabolism of n-3 PUFA supplementation in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A literature review was conducted on EMBASE and MEDLINE database to investigate clinical trials published since 1990 until June 2014 that investigated the effects of dietary/supplementation n-3 PUFA intake in hypertriglyceridemia treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Fourteen clinical trials (n = 2,105) were included in this review. All trials reported a reduction in triglycerides levels between 12 - 34% in intra- group and 15 - 36% in between-groups analysis. Four trials showed a significant increase in LDL-c (6 - 18%) and another four in HDL-c levels (4 - 15%). No significant changes were found to total cholesterol, VLDL-c, fasting glucose, HbA1C, and insulin sensitivity index. CONCLUSIONS: The n-3 PUFA supplementation leads an improvement on TG levels and did not result in any impairment on glucose metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus being a safe option to treat the diabetic population.

Introducción: Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 aumenta el riesgo de hipertrigliceridemia y es un factor de riesgo independiente para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. La literatura actual revela efectos beneficiosos de n-3 ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (n-3 AGPI) en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia, sin embargo, la seguridad de este tratamento en los sujetos diabéticos tipo 2 es discutible. Esta revisión de la literatura discute la seguridad del n-3 PUFA la suplementación sobre el metabolismo de la glucosa en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en la base de datos MEDLINE y EMBASE del los ensayos clínicos publicados con fecha posterior al 1990 hasta Junio de 2014 sobre los efectos de la ingesta / suplementos del n-3 AGPI en el tratamiento de la hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Resultados y Discusión: Catorce estudios clínicos (n = 2105) se incluyeron en esta revisión. Del estudios informaron una reducción en los niveles de triglicéridos entre 12 a 34% en interior del grupo comparación y de 15 a 36% en entre grupos análisis. Cuatro estudios mostraron un aumento significativo en el LDL-c (6-18%) y otros cuatro en los niveles de HDL-c (4 - 15%). No se encontraron cambios significativos en el colesterol total, VLDL-c, la glucosa, HbA1c y el índice de sensibilidad a la insulina. Conclusión: El n-3 AGPI suplementación lleva una mejora en los niveles de triglicéridos y no arrojaron deterioro en el metabolismo de la glucosa en pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 siendo una opción segura para el tratamiento de la población diabética.