First report of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javaniva, infecting Stachys byzantina on São Paulo, Brazil.

Stachys byzantina belongs to the Labiatae and is known by the names "peixinho-da-horta" (Brazil) and "lamb's ear" (USA). Its importance is associated with its medicinal properties (Bahadori et al. 2020) and nutritional aspects (Milião et al. 2022). Root-knot nematodes cause severe damage to plants and suppress production. In January 2021, plants of S. byzantina in the municipality of Jaboticabal (21°14'38.7"S, 48°17'10.6"W) showed symptoms of reduced growth, yellowed leaves and the presence of galls in the roots. Initially, samples of roots from a S. byzantina were analyzed at the Nematology Laboratory (LabNema/UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil, estimating 20,000 eggs and juveniles of Meloidogyne sp. in 10 g of roots. To confirm the host ability of the species, a pathogenicity test was performed using Koch's postulate. For this purpose, the test was conducted in a greenhouse where 3,000 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) were inoculated onto three plants (n=3) of S. byzantina. After 90 days, the inoculated plants showed the same symptoms as those observed in the field. No symptom or nematode was detected in the uninoculated plant (control). Nematodes were extracted from the roots of inoculated plants and quantified. The perineal pattern of females (n=10) (Netscher and Taylor, 1974) and the labial region of males (n=10) (Eisenback and Hirschmann, 1981) were analyzed and compared with the morphological characteristics of the original description of the species (Chitwood, 1949). For analysis based on esterase isozyme phenotype, the α-method of Esbenshade and Triantaphyllou (1990) was used, and females (n=7) were examined. To confirm identification, whole genomic DNA from an adult female (n=1) was extracted using the Qiagen DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit and this sample was used for both genetic sequencing and the sequence-characterized amplified region techniques (SCAR). PCR amplifications were performed for the 18s rRNA gene using primers 988F and 1912R from Holterman et al (2006). Our sequence was deposited in GenBank (NCBI) under the identifier OP422209. Finally, species-specific SCAR primers (Fjav/Rjav, Me-F/Me-R, and Finc-F/Finc-R) designed by Zijlstra (2000) were used to identify Meloidogyne spp. Koch's postulate analysis yielded the following results: (n=1) 9,280 eggs and J2 (Reproduction factor, RF = 33.09); (n=2) 111,720 eggs and J2 (RF = 37.24); (n=3) 59,700 eggs and J2 (RF = 19.9) (RF mean = 30.08). The following characteristics were observed in the perineal region of females: Low and rounded trapezoidal dorsal arch with two distinct lateral lines clearly separating the dorsal and ventral arch regions, similar to the morphological features of the species description by Chitwood (1949). Males had a convex labial plate with a non-raised labial disk joining the submedial labia, a non-rugged labial region, the basal tubercles were usually wider than high, and a rounded tail tip (Eisenback and Hirschmann 1981). The α-esterase enzyme profile showed the J3 phenotype typical of M. javanica (Rm [×100] = 46.0, 54.5, and 58.9). The 18s rRNA sequences grouped Meloidogyne sp. with species such as M. enterolobii, M. incognita, and M. javanica. A DNA fragment of about 700 bp was amplified with Mj (Fjav/Rjav) primers, but not with Me (Me-F/Me-R) and Mi (Finc-F/Finc-R) primers, which confirmed the identification of M. javanica. Accurate identification and characterization of the occurrence of new hosts of M. javanica will allow us to determine the range and geographic distribution of the species. This is the first report on the occurrence of M. javanica on S. byzantina in Brazil. This report is important so that management strategies can be applied to prevent the spread of the pest to other areas.

Genetic control of quality melon traits / Controle genético de caracteres de qualidade do melão

ABSTRACT: This research studied the genetic control of the traits related to melon fruit quality. The F1, F2, BC1, BC2 generations from the OL x A-16 and OL x PV crossings were evaluated in two separate trials conducted in randomized blocks with three replications. The evaluated traits were: average fruit weight, shape index, pulp thickness, pulp firmness, soluble solids content and cracking rate. The analyses were accomplished through a classic study of generations involving mixed models. The parameters on heritability and number of loci controlling the traits were evaluated in a broad and narrow sense. The inheritance of the evaluated traits is complex, presenting one gene of greater effect and polygenes with additive and dominant effects.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o controle genético de caracteres relacionados à qualidade do fruto do melão. Foram avaliadas as gerações F1, F2, RC1, RC2 dos cruzamentos OL x A-16 e OL x PV em dois ensaios separados conduzidos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: peso médio do fruto, índice de formato, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis e porcentagem de rachadura. As análises foram feitas por meio de estudo clássico de gerações envolvendo modelos mistos. Foram estimados os parâmetros de herdabilidades nos sentidos amplo e restrito e número de loci que controlam o caráter. A herança dos caracteres estudados é complexa com a presença de gene de efeito maior e poligenes com efeitos aditivos e de dominância.

A Bayesian Analysis of Plant DNA Length Distribution via κ-Statistics.

We report an analysis of the distribution of lengths of plant DNA (exons). Three species of Cucurbitaceae were investigated. In our study, we used two distinct κ distribution functions, namely, κ-Maxwellian and double-κ, to fit the length distributions. To determine which distribution has the best fitting, we made a Bayesian analysis of the models. Furthermore, we filtered the data, removing outliers, through a box plot analysis. Our findings show that the sum of κ-exponentials is the most appropriate to adjust the distribution curves and that the values of the κ parameter do not undergo considerable changes after filtering. Furthermore, for the analyzed species, there is a tendency for the κ parameter to lay within the interval (0.27;0.43).

Genetic divergence between pumpkin accessions for morphoagronomic characters

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity between accessions of Cucurbita moschata from the Northeast of Brazil and preserved at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) in Mossoró-RN. The experiment was carried out in complete randomized blocks, with two replications and three plants per plot. The treatments consisted of 51 accessions of C. moschata Duch and a commercial cultivar of Cucurbita maximum Duch. After ripening, the fruits were harvested (one fruit per plant) and evaluated for morpho-agronomic descriptors. Univariate and multivariate variance analyzes were performed. From the dissimilarity matrices, accessions were hierarchically grouped by the UPGMA method. The relative contribution of quantitative characters to the divergence was also estimated. There was an effect of accessions (p <0.01 or p <0.05) for all characters in univariate analyzes, indicating that there is heterogeneity between the accessions evaluated. Considering the quantitative descriptors, the accessions formed eight groups and for the qualitative six groups. When considering the two sets of descriptors, the accessions were distributed in eight groups but presenting a greater distribution of accessions. The descriptors that most contributed to the discrimination of accessions were the firmness of the pulp and the length of the fruit.

Potential of parents and hybrids experimental of the yellow melon / Potencial de parentais e híbridos experimentais de melão amarelo

Melon or muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is of considerable economic importance in Brazil. Nearly all the cultivars currently grown are hybrids. Heterosis has been used to advantage in the melon plant, and the use of uniform hybrids is one of the reasons for successful cultivation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agronomic potential of yellow melon lines and hybrids. An experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replications to evaluate 24 hybrids generated by crosses among three elite lines used as female parents (AF-01, AF-02, and AF-03) and eight lines used as male parents (LAM-01, LAM-02, LAM-03, LAM-04, LAM-05, LAM-06, LAM-07, and LAM-08). Yield and fruit quality traits were evaluated. Partial diallel analysis was carried out to estimate general combining ability and specific combining ability. Additive and non-additive effects were observed for the yield, mean fruit weight, and pulp thickness traits. The lines AF-02, LAM-02, and LAM-03 are the most promising as parents as they more frequently have favorable alleles. The most prominent hybrids in diallel analysis were AF-02 x LAM-02, AF-02 x LAM-03, AF-02 x LAM-04, and AF-03 x LAM-06.(AU)

O melão amarelo (Cucumis melo L.) é uma hortaliça de grande importância econômica. Atualmente as cultivares plantadas, em quase sua totalidade, são híbridos. A heterose tem sido explorada no meloeiro, sendo o emprego de híbridos uniformes uma das razões do sucesso da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial agronômico de linhagens e híbridos de melão amarelo. Foi conduzido um ensaio em blocos casualizados com três repetições para avaliar 24 híbridos gerados pelos cruzamentos entre três linhagens elites utilizadas como genitores femininos (AF-01, AF-02 e AF-03), e oito linhagens utilizadas como genitores masculinos (LAM-01; LAM-02; LAM-03; LAM-04; LAM-05; LAM-06; LAM-07 e LAM-08). Foram avaliados caracteres a produção e a qualidade do fruto. Realizou-se a análise dialélica parcial para estimação das capacidades geral e específica de combinação. Observou-se efeitos aditivos e não aditivos para os caracteres produtividade, peso médio do fruto e espessura da polpa. As linhagens AF-02, LAM-02 e LAM03 são as mais promissoras por possuir maior frequência de alelos favoráveis. Os híbridos de maior destaque foram AF-02 x LAM-02, AF-02 x LAM-03, AF-02 x LAM-04 e AF-03 x LAM-06.(AU)

Potential of parents and hybrids experimental of the yellow melon / Potencial de parentais e híbridos experimentais de melão amarelo

ABSTRACT: Melon or muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is of considerable economic importance in Brazil. Nearly all the cultivars currently grown are hybrids. Heterosis has been used to advantage in the melon plant, and the use of uniform hybrids is one of the reasons for successful cultivation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the agronomic potential of yellow melon lines and hybrids. An experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replications to evaluate 24 hybrids generated by crosses among three elite lines used as female parents (AF-01, AF-02, and AF-03) and eight lines used as male parents (LAM-01, LAM-02, LAM-03, LAM-04, LAM-05, LAM-06, LAM-07, and LAM-08). Yield and fruit quality traits were evaluated. Partial diallel analysis was carried out to estimate general combining ability and specific combining ability. Additive and non-additive effects were observed for the yield, mean fruit weight, and pulp thickness traits. The lines AF-02, LAM-02, and LAM-03 are the most promising as parents as they more frequently have favorable alleles. The most prominent hybrids in diallel analysis were AF-02 x LAM-02, AF-02 x LAM-03, AF-02 x LAM-04, and AF-03 x LAM-06.

RESUMO: O melão amarelo (Cucumis melo L.) é uma hortaliça de grande importância econômica. Atualmente as cultivares plantadas, em quase sua totalidade, são híbridos. A heterose tem sido explorada no meloeiro, sendo o emprego de híbridos uniformes uma das razões do sucesso da cultura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial agronômico de linhagens e híbridos de melão amarelo. Foi conduzido um ensaio em blocos casualizados com três repetições para avaliar 24 híbridos gerados pelos cruzamentos entre três linhagens elites utilizadas como genitores femininos (AF-01, AF-02 e AF-03), e oito linhagens utilizadas como genitores masculinos (LAM-01; LAM-02; LAM-03; LAM-04; LAM-05; LAM-06; LAM-07 e LAM-08). Foram avaliados caracteres a produção e a qualidade do fruto. Realizou-se a análise dialélica parcial para estimação das capacidades geral e específica de combinação. Observou-se efeitos aditivos e não aditivos para os caracteres produtividade, peso médio do fruto e espessura da polpa. As linhagens AF-02, LAM-02 e LAM03 são as mais promissoras por possuir maior frequência de alelos favoráveis. Os híbridos de maior destaque foram AF-02 x LAM-02, AF-02 x LAM-03, AF-02 x LAM-04 e AF-03 x LAM-06.

Development and morphological characterization of the immature stages of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

ABSTRACT The gregarious endoparasitoid Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a natural enemy of fruit flies. This parasitoid was previously used to successfully control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii, USA. Despite its importance in the control of fruit fly pests, little is known about the development or characteristics of its preimaginal stages. The aim of this study was to observe the development and morphologically characterize the immature stages of Tetrastichus giffardianus. Tetrastichus giffardianus individuals were reared on C. capitata larvae/pupae under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 ± 2 °C, relative humidity of 60 ± 10%, and 12-h photophase. Third-instar C. capitata larvae were exposed to parasitism for 24 h. After parasitism, the pupae were dissected every 24 h to evaluate the stage of development attained by T. giffardianus, and to record their morphological characteristics. A stereomicroscope was used to observe all the immature stages of T. giffardianus. The complete development of T. giffardianus under these conditions was completed within 14 days as follows: egg (duration ≅ 1 day); first (≅ 1 day), second (≅ 1 day), and third (≅ 2 days) larval instars; pre-pupa (≅ 2 days); and pupa (≅ 7 days). The immature stages of T. giffardianus differed sufficiently in their shape, color, and size to allow morphological characterization.

Multivariate analysis reveals significant diuron-related changes in the soil composition of different Brazilian regions.

Sorption and desorption determine the amount of an herbicide in soil solution. Therefore, knowledge of the sorption and desorption coefficients in different soils is an essential factor to estimate the potential for environmental contamination by herbicides. We evaluated the feasibility of multivariate and linear discriminant analyses to predict the sorption and desorption capacity of a soil for diuron, one of the most used herbicides on sugarcane plantations. The adsorptive capacity in twenty-seven Brazilian soil samples was estimated using the sorption constant (Kfs) and desorption constant (Kfd) obtained by the Freundlich isotherms. The regression model was created from the sorbed and nonsorbed concentrations of diuron in soils. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography was applied to quantify the diuron concentrations. The multivariate analysis separated the soils into four groups considering the similarity of the following attributes: pH, organic matter, clay, and base saturation. The groups showed a similar pattern of sorption and desorption for diuron: Lom-Lclay: low sorption (5.9 ± 1.2) and high desorption (10.9 ± 0.6); Lclay: low sorption (7.5 ± 1.1) and high desorption (11.4 ± 1.3); Hom-Hclay: high sorption (11.2 ± 1.2) and low desorption (13.8 ± 1.2); HpH-Hclay: high sorption (10.1 ± 1.1) and medium desorption (11.5 ± 1.4). Linear discriminant analysis of these soil attributes was used to classify other soils described in the literature with adsorption capacity. This analysis was able to identify soils with high and low sorption using the pH, organic matter, clay, and base saturation, demonstrating the enormous potential of the technique to group soils with different contamination risks for subterranean waters. Sugarcane crops in northeastern Brazil showed a higher pollution risk through the leaching of diuron. Multivariate analysis revealed significant diuron-related changes in the soil composition of different Brazilian regions; therefore, this statistical analysis can be used to improve understanding of herbicide behavior in soils.

Optimum plot size of planting and bio-agroeconomic revenues from arugula-carrot intercropping systems in a semi-arid region.

The production of vegetable crops has been characterized as a highly intensive activity in the use of soil, water, inputs and labor in semi-arid regions, being practiced mostly by small family farmers as a way of subsistence, or in the small-scale commercialization of surplus production. Among the agricultural practices that have been successfully used by vegetable producers are intercrop systems that, when implemented with adequate management, present gains in productivity, nutritional, economic, and environmental value. The aim of this study was to estimate the optimal plot sizes of plantings of carrot (Daucus carota L.) intercropped with arugula (Eruca sativa L.) in bi-cultivation in three spatial arrangements, as well as to determine bio-agroeconomic revenues from associations between these vegetable crops in a semi-arid region. Estimates of optimal sizes of experimental plots in intercropping systems, provided by the methods of bootstrap resampling and of sampling intensity (10%), were four, four and three basic units, respectively, for the spatial arrangements 2R:2C, 3R:3C, and 4R: 4C, between rows of arugula (R) intercropped with carrot (C), and by the Hatheway method, all spatial arrangements were of four basic units. The best bio-agroeconomic performance of carrot intercropped with arugula in bi-cultivation was obtained in the spatial arrangement 2R:2C.

Development of "Itália Melhorada" grapes on different rootstocks and under the semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / Desenvolvimento da videira "Itália Melhorada" sob diferentes porta-enxertos na Região do Semiárido Potiguar, Brasil

Our study was carried out in the region of Mossoró city, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), in February 2013. This experiment aimed to describe the phenology, estimate biometeorological indexes, and perform a chemical characterization of "Itália Melhorada" grapes (Vitis vinifera L) grafted on three different rootstocks (cultivars: IAC 313, IAC572, and IAC766), during two production cycles and under semiarid conditions. The first cycle lasted 115 days, with a pruning performed on 04/19/2013; yet the second lasted 111 days, with a pruning on 09/25/2013. In the first cycle, the thermal sum required was 1258.27 DD (degree days), while in the second, it was 1290.50 DD. The Heliothermic Geslin Index (HGI) observed in the first cycle was 352.84 and, in the second, it was 371.17. The rootstocks had no influence on the evaluated factors (phenology, TTA, TSS, and STT/ TTA) in either of the two cycles, therefore, all the tested rootstocks can be used indistinctly, but still, the analysis revealed differences from one cycle to another in terms of TSS and TSS / TTA of berries.(AU)

O experimento foi realizado na região de Mossoró -RN, em fevereiro de 2013 com objetivo de descrever a fenologia, estimar a índices biometeorológicos e realizar a caracterização química da videira "Itália Melhorada" (Vitis vinifera L) sob três porta-enxertos diferentes (IAC 313, IAC572 e IAC766) em dois ciclos de produção nas condições no Semiárido. A duração do 1º ciclo foi de 115 dias, com poda realizada em 19/04/2013, e de 111 dias para o 2º ciclo, com poda realizada em 25/09/2013. A soma térmica necessária no primeiro ciclo foi 1258,27 GD e no segundo foi 1290,50 GD. O índice heliotérmico de Geslin (IHG) observado para o 1º ciclo foi de IHG 352,84 e para o segundo foi de IHG 371,17. Os porta-enxertos não influenciaram os fatores avaliados (fenologia, ATT, SST e STT/ATT) em nenhum dos dois ciclos de produção de "Itália Melhorada", concluindo-se que os porta-enxertos podem ser usados indistintamente, porém a análise revelou diferenças entre ciclos para SST e SST/ATT das bagas.(AU)

Development of "Itália Melhorada" grapes on different rootstocks and under the semiarid conditions of the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil / Desenvolvimento da videira "Itália Melhorada" sob diferentes porta-enxertos na Região do Semiárido Potiguar, Brasil

Our study was carried out in the region of Mossoró city, state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), in February 2013. This experiment aimed to describe the phenology, estimate biometeorological indexes, and perform a chemical characterization of "Itália Melhorada" grapes (Vitis vinifera L) grafted on three different rootstocks (cultivars: IAC 313, IAC572, and IAC766), during two production cycles and under semiarid conditions. The first cycle lasted 115 days, with a pruning performed on 04/19/2013; yet the second lasted 111 days, with a pruning on 09/25/2013. In the first cycle, the thermal sum required was 1258.27 DD (degree days), while in the second, it was 1290.50 DD. The Heliothermic Geslin Index (HGI) observed in the first cycle was 352.84 and, in the second, it was 371.17. The rootstocks had no influence on the evaluated factors (phenology, TTA, TSS, and STT/ TTA) in either of the two cycles, therefore, all the tested rootstocks can be used indistinctly, but still, the analysis revealed differences from one cycle to another in terms of TSS and TSS / TTA of berries.

O experimento foi realizado na região de Mossoró -RN, em fevereiro de 2013 com objetivo de descrever a fenologia, estimar a índices biometeorológicos e realizar a caracterização química da videira "Itália Melhorada" (Vitis vinifera L) sob três porta-enxertos diferentes (IAC 313, IAC572 e IAC766) em dois ciclos de produção nas condições no Semiárido. A duração do 1º ciclo foi de 115 dias, com poda realizada em 19/04/2013, e de 111 dias para o 2º ciclo, com poda realizada em 25/09/2013. A soma térmica necessária no primeiro ciclo foi 1258,27 GD e no segundo foi 1290,50 GD. O índice heliotérmico de Geslin (IHG) observado para o 1º ciclo foi de IHG 352,84 e para o segundo foi de IHG 371,17. Os porta-enxertos não influenciaram os fatores avaliados (fenologia, ATT, SST e STT/ATT) em nenhum dos dois ciclos de produção de "Itália Melhorada", concluindo-se que os porta-enxertos podem ser usados indistintamente, porém a análise revelou diferenças entre ciclos para SST e SST/ATT das bagas.

Screening of melon genotypes for resistance to vegetable leafminer and your phenotypic correlations with colorimetry.

Melon is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. With short cycle in a system of phased planting, phytosanitary control is compromised, and a great volume of agricultural chemicals is used to control vegetable leafminer. Genetic control is an ideal alternative to avoid the damage caused by this insect. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate Cucumis accessions in regard to resistance to leafminer and correlate the variables analyzed. Fifty-four accessions and four commercial hybrids of melon were tested. The study was divided into two experiments: with and with no choice. The following characteristics were evaluated: with choice, in field - subjective score based on the infestation and the number of mines per leaf; and with no choice, in cage - number of mines per leaf, chlorophyll content, and leaf colorimetry. The results showed variability among the accessions and some genotypes showed favorable results for resistance in both experiments. There was correlation between the two variables in the experiment in the field. The accessions CNPH 11-282, CNPH 06-1047, and CNPH 11-1077 are the most recommended for future breeding programs with aim on introgression of resistance to vegetable leafminer in melon.

Screening of melon genotypes for resistance to vegetable leafminer and your phenotypic correlations with colorimetry

ABSTRACT Melon is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. With short cycle in a system of phased planting, phytosanitary control is compromised, and a great volume of agricultural chemicals is used to control vegetable leafminer. Genetic control is an ideal alternative to avoid the damage caused by this insect. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate Cucumis accessions in regard to resistance to leafminer and correlate the variables analyzed. Fifty-four accessions and four commercial hybrids of melon were tested. The study was divided into two experiments: with and with no choice. The following characteristics were evaluated: with choice, in field - subjective score based on the infestation and the number of mines per leaf; and with no choice, in cage - number of mines per leaf, chlorophyll content, and leaf colorimetry. The results showed variability among the accessions and some genotypes showed favorable results for resistance in both experiments. There was correlation between the two variables in the experiment in the field. The accessions CNPH 11-282, CNPH 06-1047, and CNPH 11-1077 are the most recommended for future breeding programs with aim on introgression of resistance to vegetable leafminer in melon.

Sensibilização a aeroalérgenos em pacientes com suspeita de alergia respiratória atendidos na rede pública e privada no município de Aracaju / Sensitization to inhalant allergens in patients with suspected respiratory allergy treated at public and private health care clinics in the city of Aracaju

OBJETIVO: Identificar e comparar os padrões de sensibilização a alérgenos inalantes entre pacientes com suspeita de alergias respiratórias atendidos em ambulatórios públicos e privados do município de Aracaju.MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 1.514 resultados de testes cutâneos (TC) de punctura, realizados de abril de 2006 a setembro de 2009. Destes, 872 TC foram realizados em consultório de setor privado, e 642 nos ambulatórios do setor público. Os extratos alergênicos utilizados em TC foram: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Blomia tropicalis, Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, penas, mistura de fungos e epitélios de cão e de gato. RESULTADOS: Asensibilização a pelo menos um alérgeno foi de 55% (58,4% no setor privado vs 50,3% no setor público; p < 0,05). Houve predomínio de TC positivos para ácaros domiciliares (total 53%; 57,3% vs. 47,2%; p < 0,0001), seguido de baratas (total 19,9%; 22,1% vs. 16,8%; p < 0,05) e animais domésticos (total 18,4%; 24,4% vs. 10,3%; p < 0,0001). Foram encontradas frequências significativamente maiores de TC positivos no setor privado quando comparado ao setor público para D. farinae (50,1% vs. 37,5%; p < 0,0001), D. pteronyssinus (47,7% vs. 35,7%; p < 0,0001), B. tropicalis (50,8% vs. 35,5%; p < 0,0001), epitélio de gato (18,1% vs. 6,2%; p < 0,0001), epitélio de cão (12,0% vs. 4,2%; p < 0,0001), penas (4,8% vs. 2,6%; p = 0,03) e B. germanica (16,1% vs. 11,5%; p = 0,01). Não se observou diferença significante quanto à sensibilização a fungos do ar e a P. americana.CONCLUSÃO: Ácaros domiciliares, baratas e animais domésticos foram as principais fontes de sensibilização alérgica na população estudada. Indivíduos atendidos no setor público apresentaram menor frequência de sensibilização a alérgenos inalantes quando comparados àqueles atendidos em clínica privada na cidade de Aracaju.

Vida de prateleira do mel produzido por abelhas africanizadas / Shelf-life of the honey produced by Africanized bees

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar algumas características físico-químicas de qualidade de méis de abelha (Apis melliferaL.),após período de armazenamento sob condições ambiente. Para isto, 15 amostras de méis foram coletadas de pequenos produtores, em três municípios (Mossoró, Apodi e Caraúbas) da região oeste do Rio Grande do Norte. As amostras foram fracionadas e uma primeira alíquota destas foi analisada imediatamente, enquanto que outras alíquotas foram armazenadas sob temperatura ambiente (25 ± 2 ºC e UR 70 ± 5%), sendo avaliadas após oito meses. As seguintes avaliações físico-químicas foram realizadas: umidade, pH, acidez livre, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente, condutividade elétrica e cor. A análise estatística utilizada foi descritiva, utilizando distribuição de freqüências de acordo com o Critério de Scott. As características físico-químicas avaliadas nas amostras atenderam às exigências mínimas de qualidade estabelecidas pela Legislação brasileira para mel floral. Apesar da variação nas cores dos méis de branco a âmbar claro, após o armazenamento, estes mantiveram as características de qualidade aceitáveis para a comercialização após oito meses de armazenamento.

This experiment aimed to evaluate some physicochemical quality parameters of bees honey conserved in room conditions. Samples of honeys were collected from small producers, in three districts (Mossoró, Apodi, Caraúbas) of Rio Grande do Norte State. The samples were fractionated and first aliquots were immediately analyzed, while the second ones were stored under room temperature (25 ± 2 ºC and RH 70±5%) for eight months,and then analyzed. The physicochemical parameters evaluated were: humidity, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, electrical conductivity and color. The statistical analysis was descriptive, and a distribution of frequencies according to Scott'sCriterion was applied. The physicochemical characteristics of the samples from different districts reached the minimum quality requirement, established by the Brazilian Legislation for floral honey. In spite of the variation in the color of the honeys from white to clear amber after the storage period, the honeys did not presented any alterations in the quality characteristic which allow their commercialization after eight months of storage.

VIDA DE PRATELEIRA DO MEL PRODUZIDO POR ABELHAS AFRICANIZADAS

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar algumas características físico-químicas de qualidade de méis de abelha (Apis mellifera L.), após período de armazenamento sob condições ambiente. Para isto, 15 amostras de méis foram coletadas de pequenos produtores, em três municípios (Mossoró, Apodi e Caraúbas) da região oeste do Rio Grande do Norte. As amostras foram fracionadas e uma primeira alíquota destas foi analisada imediatamente, enquanto que outras alíquotas foram armazenadas sob temperatura ambiente (25 ± 2 ºC e UR 70 ± 5%), sendo avaliadas após oito meses. As seguintes avaliações físico-químicas foram realizadas: umidade, pH, acidez livre, açúcares redutores, sacarose aparente, condutividade elétrica e cor. A análise estatística utilizada foi descritiva, utilizando distribuição de freqüências de acordo com o Critério de Scott. As características físico-químicas avaliadas nas amostras atenderam às exigências mínimas de qualidade estabelecidas pela Legislação brasileira para mel floral. Apesar da variação nas cores dos méis de branco a âmbar claro, após o armazenamento, estes mantiveram as características de qualidade aceitáveis para a comercialização após oito meses de armazenamento.

Phenotypic stability of hybrids of Gália melon in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil

The objectives of this study were to determine the importance of simple and complex components of the interaction genotype × environment and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of Gália melon hybrids. Nine hybrids were tested in twelve environments of Rio Grande Norte State from 2000 to 2001. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The statistical methods of Toler and Burrows, Wricke and AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction) were used to study the adaptability and stability. The complex component is responsible for most of the genotype × environment interaction for the yield and content of solids soluble of fruits. The environments associated with Mossoró and Assu municipalities are the most suitable to evaluate melon hybrids in the state. The hybrid DRG 1537 was the most likely to be grown in the Agro-industrial Complex Mossoró-Assu due to its stability, high productivity and high content of soluble solids.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a importância das componentes simples e complexa da interação genótipo × ambiente e avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de melão Gália. Nove híbridos foram testados em doze ambientes do Estado do Rio Grande Norte no período de 2000 a2001. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições. Os métodos estatísticos de Toler e Burrows, Wricke e AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction) foram usados para estudar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade. A componente complexa é responsável pela maior parte da interação genótipo × ambiente para a produtividade e teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos. Os ambientes associados com Mossoró e Assu são os mais adequados para a avaliação de melão híbrido. O híbrido DRG1537 é o mais promissor para o cultivo no Complexo Agro-industrial Mossoró-Assu, devido à sua estabilidade, alta produtividade e alto teor de sólidos solúveis.

Phenotypic stability of hybrids of Gália melon in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.

The objectives of this study were to determine the importance of simple and complex components of the interaction genotype × environment and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of Gália melon hybrids. Nine hybrids were tested in twelve environments of Rio Grande Norte State from 2000 to 2001. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The statistical methods of Toler and Burrows, Wricke and AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction) were used to study the adaptability and stability. The complex component is responsible for most of the genotype × environment interaction for the yield and content of solids soluble of fruits. The environments associated with Mossoró and Assu municipalities are the most suitable to evaluate melon hybrids in the state. The hybrid DRG 1537 was the most likely to be grown in the Agro-industrial Complex Mossoró-Assu due to its stability, high productivity and high content of soluble solids.

Implicações da interação genótipos x ambientes sobre ganhos com a seleção em meloeiro

The objective of this research was to study the genotype x environment effect on the selection of melon families. It was evaluated 144 melon families at four sites of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a design of simple lattice 12x12 in Mossoró, Baraúna, Assu and Alto do Rodrigues sites. The traits assessing were yield, average of weight fruit, intern cavity proportion, pulp thickness, pulp firmness and content solids soluble. It was observed effect of families in all sites and the join analysis for all traits. The family x site interaction was high and the estimation of the interaction variance component was higher than the genetic variance among families. The complex interaction was higher than the simple one. The family x site interaction reflected in the selection, as the correlated response to selection in one environment observed in another was always lower than the gain of direct selection. The estimates of the genetic variation coefficient and genetic variance were overestimated by family x site interaction, consequently, the evaluation should be carried out in different sites. The selection based on the mean over sites was effectiveness because the genetic expected that gains were more expressive than gains based in the individual environment.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da interação genótipos por ambientes sobre a avaliação de famílias de meloeiro. Foram avaliadas 144 famílias na geração S6, em quatro municípios, Mossoró, Baraúna, Assu e Alto do Rodrigues, em um látice simples 12x12. As características avaliadas foram: produtividade, peso médio do fruto, proporção da cavidade interna, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis. Constatou-se efeito significativo de famílias nos quatro ambientes de avaliação e na análise conjunta para todas as características. A interação famílias x locais foi acentuada, sendo a estimativa do componente de variância da interação superior àquele da variância genética entre famílias. Ocorreu superioridade na contribuição da parte complexa em relação à simples da interação para todas as características. A interação famílias x ambientes teve reflexo na seleção, pois a resposta correlacionada pela seleção em um ambiente e ganho em outro sempre foi inferior ao ganho da seleção direta. As estimativas de coeficiente de variação genética e variância genética entre famílias foram superestimadas pelo componente da interação famílias x locais, sendo necessárias avaliações em ambientes diferentes. A seleção com base no comportamento médio das famílias foi eficiente, pois proporcionou maiores ganhos de seleção do que aqueles obtidos com base na seleção no ambiente individual.

Implicações da interação genótipos x ambientes sobre ganhos com a seleção em meloeiro / Implications of genotype x environment interaction on the gain with melon selection

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o efeito da interação genótipos por ambientes sobre a avaliação de famílias de meloeiro. Foram avaliadas 144 famílias na geração S6, em quatro municípios, Mossoró, Baraúna, Assu e Alto do Rodrigues, em um látice simples 12x12. As características avaliadas foram: produtividade, peso médio do fruto, proporção da cavidade interna, espessura da polpa, firmeza da polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis. Constatou-se efeito significativo de famílias nos quatro ambientes de avaliação e na análise conjunta para todas as características. A interação famílias x locais foi acentuada, sendo a estimativa do componente de variância da interação superior àquele da variância genética entre famílias. Ocorreu superioridade na contribuição da parte complexa em relação à simples da interação para todas as características. A interação famílias x ambientes teve reflexo na seleção, pois a resposta correlacionada pela seleção em um ambiente e ganho em outro sempre foi inferior ao ganho da seleção direta. As estimativas de coeficiente de variação genética e variância genética entre famílias foram superestimadas pelo componente da interação famílias x locais, sendo necessárias avaliações em ambientes diferentes. A seleção com base no comportamento médio das famílias foi eficiente, pois proporcionou maiores ganhos de seleção do que aqueles obtidos com base na seleção no ambiente individual.

The objective of this research was to study the genotype x environment effect on the selection of melon families. It was evaluated 144 melon families at four sites of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a design of simple lattice 12x12 in Mossoró, Baraúna, Assu and Alto do Rodrigues sites. The traits assessing were yield, average of weight fruit, intern cavity proportion, pulp thickness, pulp firmness and content solids soluble. It was observed effect of families in all sites and the join analysis for all traits. The family x site interaction was high and the estimation of the interaction variance component was higher than the genetic variance among families. The complex interaction was higher than the simple one. The family x site interaction reflected in the selection, as the correlated response to selection in one environment observed in another was always lower than the gain of direct selection. The estimates of the genetic variation coefficient and genetic variance were overestimated by family x site interaction, consequently, the evaluation should be carried out in different sites. The selection based on the mean over sites was effectiveness because the genetic expected that gains were more expressive than gains based in the individual environment.