Food and nutritional education in rural quilombola communities in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: methodological aspects / Educação alimentar e nutricional em comunidades quilombolas rurais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: aspectos metodológicos

Background: The construction of programs to promote healthy eating should be guided by the culture and living conditions of people. Objective: To describe the methodology for a community intervention in food and nutritional education (FNE) carried out in rural quilombola communities (QC) in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Two communities were included. The FNE actions consisted of six workshops with a focus on the concepts of food culture, adequate and healthy food, and health promotion, focusing on food rather than nutrients. The actions were planned from the production of strategies that could be replicated by the participants to the other residents. Results: The workshops were attended by people of various ages and the participation of women was more expressive. Each workshop had specific objectives and different dynamics employed. Conclusion: This approach sought to emphasize the experiences, culture, and opinions of the people residing in the QC included in the study. It is hoped that this FNE community intervention can guide and subsidize the planning and execution of similar initiatives in other QCs in Rio Grande do Sul or even the country.

Introdução: A construção de programas de promoção da alimentação saudável deve ser pautada sobre a cultura e as condições de vida das pessoas. Objetivo: Descrever a metodologia para uma intervenção comunitária de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) realizada em comunidades quilombolas (CQ) rurais do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Foram incluídas duas comunidades. As ações de EAN consistiram na realização de seis oficinas com abordagem pautada nos conceitos de cultura alimentar, alimentação adequada e saudável e promoção da saúde, com foco em alimentos e comida ao invés de nutrientes. As ações foram planejadas a partir da produção de estratégias que pudessem ser replicadas pelos participantes aos outros moradores. Resultados: Participaram das oficinas pessoas de várias idades e a participação das mulheres foi mais expressiva. Cada oficina teve objetivos específicos e diferentes dinâmicas empregadas. Conclusão: Essa abordagem buscou enfatizar as experiências, a cultura e as opiniões das pessoas que residem nas CQ incluídas no estudo. Espera-se que essa intervenção comunitária de EAN possa nortear e subsidiar o planejamento e execução de iniciativas similares em outras CQ do estado ou até mesmo do país.

Investigation of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats attended to a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil.

Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Currently, it is known that cats may be susceptible to infection. This study aims to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats, using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, respectively. A total of 76 cats, undergoing comprehensive anamnesis, general physical examination, and complementary exams were included in the investigation. Among the 76 cats tested, 9.2% (7/76) exhibited the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, while Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in at 1.3% (1/76) of the evaluated urine samples. No significant associations were observed between the serological and molecular diagnostic results and the assessed variables, including clinical data and laboratory results of cats testing positive. This study provides insight into the occurrence of Leptospira spp. infection and leptospiruria in cats treated at a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil.

Does preappointment gabapentin affect neurological examination findings? A prospective, randomized and blinded study in healthy cats.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a preappointment oral dose of gabapentin on the neurological examination of cats. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and blinded clinical trial was conducted in 35 client-owned healthy cats. Cats were scheduled for two appointments and randomly assigned to receive either a placebo or a 100 mg gabapentin capsule prior to the second veterinary visit. A neurological examination was performed during each visit, and the results were compared between groups. Normal/abnormal response rates for each test were based on the number of cats that allowed the test to be performed. RESULTS: Gabapentin was administered to 17 cats. Gait and postural reactions were significantly affected in the gabapentin group. Comparing the gabapentin with the placebo groups, proprioceptive ataxia was identified in 4/17 (23.5%) vs 0/18 cats (P = 0.0288); paw placement deficits were seen in 10/11 (90.9%) vs 1/4 (25%) cats; table tactile placement deficits were identified in 13/17 (76.5%) vs 0/18 cats (P <0.0001); hopping deficits were seen in 5/17 (29.4%) vs 0/16 cats (P = 0.0185); and abnormalities on wheelbarrowing and extensor postural thrust were reported in 5/17 (29.4%) vs 0/18 cats (P = 0.0129). These results had no correlation with age or dose/kg received. No significant difference was noted in the assessment of level and content of consciousness, posture, cranial nerves and spinal nerves. No significant differences were noted in test compliance or examination duration. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Gabapentin significantly altered gait analyses and postural reactions in this group of healthy cats. The administration of gabapentin could lead to false-positive results and, possibly, an incorrect identification of neurological lesions. In contrast, gabapentin did not impair the assessment of cranial nerves and spinal reflexes, which can be assessed in patients receiving the drug.

A telemedicine strategy to reduce waiting lists and time to specialist care: A retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The demand for specialty care is rising worldwide. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, more than 150,000 people were waiting for specialist consultations in 2013. A telemedicine programme (RegulaSUS) developed referral protocols, audited waitlisted cases, authorised/prioritised referrals by risk and discuss deferred cases primary-care physician. This study assesses the effectiveness of RegulaSUS. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis with contemporaneous controls was performed from June 2014 to June 2016. Six medical specialties included in RegulaSUS (50,185 patients) were compared to 50,124 control patients waitlisted according to the usual routine (scheduled for specialty consultation at the next available date). The groups were matched (1:1) by semester and year of waitlisting and by the specialty demand-to-supply ratio. Primary outcomes were referral-to-consultation time and number of waitlisted patients. RESULTS: The mean referral-to-consultation time was 584.8 days in the intervention group and 607.0 days in controls (p<0.001). For specialties regulated by RegulaSUS, the mean referral-to-consultation time was 237.6 days for higher-risk patients. At the end of the observation, 26,708 control patients had been unlisted compared to 31,050 patients in the intervention group (reduction of 53.5% vs. 61.9%, respectively; p<0.001). The number of cancelled referrals was lower in the control group (n=14,403; 28.7%) than in the intervention group (n=16,387; 32.7%; p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Telemedicine support for primary care effectively decreased the time to specialty consultation, reduced the number of waitlisted patients and allowed sicker patients to reach a specialist faster.

Impact of dentists and equipment in the performing dental imaging examinations: a longitudinal analysis.

In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with performing dental imaging examinations in public health services. Brazilian data at the municipal level (n = 5,564) in two time periods, P0 (2005-2007) and P1 (2014-2016), were collated from health information systems. The increase in the municipal rates of intraoral and extraoral radiographic imaging procedures was the outcome. Changes in the use of clinical procedures and the rates of dentists and equipment were the main predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Approximately 35.3% of the Brazilian municipalities increased the dental radiography equipment rate, 9.9% increased the fan-beam computed tomography (CT) equipment rate, and 5.9% increased the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment rate. In addition, 31.8% increased the periapical/interproximal radiography rate, 10.5% increased the CT rate, and 4.4% increased the MRI rate. Increases in the dental radiography, CT, and MRI rates were associated with higher chances of periapical/interproximal images (OR = 1.90, p < 0.01), face and neck images (OR =1 5.3, p < 0.01), and MR images (OR = 18.1, p < 0.01), respectively. Municipalities that increased the rates of endodontists increased the rates of periapical/interproximal (OR = 2.50, p < 0.01) and occlusal (OR = 1.60, p < 0.01) imaging procedures, and those that increased the rates of radiologists also increased the rates of occlusal (OR = 2.00, p < 0.01) and panoramic (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) imaging procedures. The implementation of a secondary dental care center, Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) was associated with an increase in the chances of performing periapical/interproximal and panoramic radiographic procedures in 1.5 and occlusal radiographic examinations in 2.0. The rates of dentists, equipment, specialized dental centers, and specific dental procedures were associated with the increased use of imaging procedures in dentistry in the Brazilian public health system.

Evaluation of the effects of gabapentin on the physiologic and echocardiographic variables of healthy cats: a prospective, randomized and blinded study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate, using echocardiography, the effects of oral administration of a single dose of gabapentin on the physiologic variables (heart rate [HR], respiratory rate [RR] and systolic blood pressure [SBP]) and systolic and diastolic cardiac function of healthy cats. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized and blinded study with 40 healthy cats aged between 6 months and 2 years. The cats' health status was assessed on the first appointment (T1) when they underwent a physical examination, complete blood count, biochemical profile, assessment of physiologic variables and echocardiogram. The echocardiogram was used to measure the left ventricle's (LV) internal diameter during systole and diastole, isovolumic relaxation time, transmitral flow, E-wave deceleration time and HR. The cats were randomly divided into two groups: (1) a treatment group with 20 cats that received a single oral dose of gabapentin (100 mg/cat); and (2) a control group with 20 cats that received a single oral dose of placebo. All variables of the physiologic and echocardiographic variables were re-evaluated 1-3 weeks after T1 (T2), 90 mins after medication or placebo administration. RESULTS: There was no difference in the physiologic variables evaluated in both groups. The proportion of cats in the treatment group that had their ventricular filling waves fused on T1 but did not have them fused on T2 was significantly higher (45%) compared with cats in the control group (15%; P = 0.0384). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There was no difference between the groups in regard to SBP, HR, RR and echocardiographic variables. Gabapentin improved evaluation of diastolic function on echocardiogram because it reduced the fusion of ventricular filling waves during the evaluation of the diastolic function of the LV. Gabapentin did not cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular hemodynamics of young healthy cats.

Utilizing Multilingual Methods and Rapid Analysis for Global Qualitative Research During a Pandemic.

Historically, qualitative research has complemented quantitative biologic and epidemiologic studies to provide a more complete understanding of pandemics. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated unique and novel challenges for qualitative researchers, who have embraced creative solutions including virtual focus groups and rapid analyses to continue their work. We present our experience conducting a multilingual global qualitative study of healthcare resilience among teams of pediatric oncology professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide an in-depth description of our methodology and an analysis of factors we believe contributed to our study's success including our use of technology, engagement of a large multilingual team, global partnerships, and framework-based rapid analysis. We hope these techniques may be useful to qualitative researchers conducting studies during the current pandemic, as well as for all pediatric oncology studies including multiple languages or geographically disparate subjects.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA in dental biofilms: Supragingival and subgingival findings from inpatients in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Saliva, salivary glands, gingival crevicular fluid, and supragingival biofilms may harbor SARS-CoV-2 RNA. This observational study aimed to investigate the presence and load of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in supragingival, and subgingival biofilms obtained from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: A convenience sample, composed of 52 COVID-19+ participants (48.6 ± 14.8 years, 26.9% females), were evaluated for pre-existing comorbidities, number of teeth, and periodontal data [visible plaque (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD), and attachment loss (AL)]. Supragingival and subgingival samples (SubDeep: four sites with the deepest PPD; SubRemain: remaining shallower sites) were analyzed by RT-qPCR with corresponding cycle quantification (Cq). Statistical analyses considered the individual (P = 5%). RESULTS: Twenty-six participants tested positive for dental biofilms (Biofilm+) with 96.2% of them being positive for subgingival samples. Pre-existing comorbidities, number of teeth examined, VPI, PPD, AL, and BOP were similar between Biofilm+ and Biofilm-. SubDeep PPD (3.72 ± 0.86), AL (4.34 ± 1.33), and % of BOP (66.0 ± 31.1) values were significantly greater compared to SubRemain values (2.84 ± 0.48, 3.37 ± 0.34, and 20.4 ± 24.1, respectively). Biofilm+ Cqs showed no association with the periodontal condition. Cqs from Nasopharynx/Oropharynx (Naso/Oro; n = 36) were similar between Biofilm+ and Biofilm- participants. Length of time since ICU intake, last Naso/Oro RT-qPCR readings, onset of COVID-19 symptoms, and biofilm samplings were greater for Biofilm-. CONCLUSIONS: ICU patients harbored SARS-CoV-2 RNA in supragingival and subgingival biofilms, irrespective of the periodontal condition, and systemic viral load. The high number of positive patients highlights the need to better understand this habit to provide adequate oral care.

Educação Física (des)seriada e a oportunidade de equidade na motivação de meninos e meninas / (Un)serious Physical Education and the opportunity for equity in the motivation of boys and girls / La (des)seriación de la Educación Física y la oportunidad de equidad en la motivación de niños y niñas

Este estudo objetivou identificar a motivação de meninos e meninas às aulas de Educação Física do ensino médio, considerando a proposta diferenciada de organização das turmas, denominada (Des)seriação. Analisou-se, por meio dos testes estatísticos descritivos e de comparação de grupos (Mann-Whitney), 1071 instrumentos preenchidos de 2012 a 2018. Observou-se que, na maioria dos anos pesquisados, os valores atribuídos às variáveis Motivação Intrínseca e as dimensões das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos. Concluiu-se que a proposta (des)seriada na Educação Física do ensino médio pode ser uma potente ferramenta de motivação para incentivar a equidade de oportunidades nesse ambiente.

This study aimed to identify the motivation of boys and girls to Physical Education classes in high school, considering the differentiated proposal of class organization, called (Un)seriation. We analyzed, through descriptive statistical tests and comparison of groups (Mann-Whitney), 1071 instruments completed from 2012 to 2018. It was observed that, in most years surveyed, the values attributed to the variables Intrinsic Motivation and the dimensions of Basic Psychological Needs did not show a statistically significant difference between the sexes. It was concluded that the (un)seriated proposal in high school Physical Education can be a powerful motivational tool to encourage equal opportunities in this environment.

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la motivación de niños y niñas para las clases de Educación Física en la enseñanza media, considerando la propuesta diferenciada para la organización de las clases, denominada (Des)seriación. Mediante pruebas estadísticas descriptivas y comparación de grupos (Mann-Whitney) se analizaron 1071 instrumentos completados entre 2012 y 2018. Se observó que, en la mayoría de los años encuestados, los valores asignados a las variables Motivación Intrínseca y las dimensiones de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas no mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los sexos. Se concluyó que la propuesta (no)seriada en Educación Física en la enseñanza media puede ser una poderosa herramienta de motivación para incentivar la igualdad de oportunidades en este medio.

Educação Física escolar, anos iniciais e aprendizagens: uma revisão de literatura em periódicos nacionais / Physical Education in schools, early years and learnings: a literature review in national publications / Educación Física, años iniciales y aprendizajes: una revisión de literatura em periódicos nacionales

Nesta revisão de literatura integrativa objetivamos identificar como a Educação Física escolar, nos anos iniciais, vem sendo abordada do ponto de vista das aprendizagens construídas. Para tanto realizamos uma busca em periódicos nacionais de estratos A1 a B5 do Qualis CAPES para "Área de Avaliação Educação Física", nos últimos dez anos. Foi possível identificar que as aprendizagens que se pretende para esta etapa de ensino demonstram estarem, em grande medida, pautadas por habilidades e competências enraizadas na racionalidade técnico-instrumental. Contudo outras abordagens que buscam questionar e reconfigurar os documentos oficiais em diálogo com uma perspectiva crítica, contextualizada, coletiva e dialética também, ainda que em menor número, vêm se fazendo presentes nas produções acadêmicas.

The goal of this integrated literature review is to identify how Physical Education in early school years has been discussed from a constructed learning perspective. To do so, I performed research in national publications from Qualis CAPES grades A1 to B5 to the "Field of Physical Education Assessment" during the last ten years. I was able to identify that the learnings intended for this period of teaching appear to be grounded in skills and competencies attached to technical and instrumental rationality. Even so, other approaches that seek to question and reconfigure the official documents in line with a critical perspective, contextualized, collective and dialectic are growing ­ even though in a smaller number ­ in academic production.

Em esta revisión de literatura integrativa se tiene por objetivo identificar como la Educación Física escolar, en los años iniciales, ha sido enfocada desde el punto de vista de los aprendizajes que se ha llevado a cabo. Para tanto se ha hecho una búsqueda en periódicos nacionales de parámetros A1 hasta B5 del Qualis CAPES para el "Area de Evaluación Educación Física", en los últimos diez años. Fue posible identificar que los aprendizajes que se lo requiere para esta etapa de enseñanza demuestran estar, en gran medida, pauteados por habilidades y competencias enfocadas en la racionalidad tecnico-instrumental. Sin embargo otros enfoques que buscan cuestionar y reconfigurar los documentos oficiales en el diálogo con una perspectiva crítica, contextualizada, colectiva y dialética también, aunque en menor número, se han hecho presentes en las producciones académicas.

Educação Física escolar, anos iniciais e aprendizagens: uma revisão de literatura em periódicos nacionais / Physical Education in schools, early years and learnings: a literature review in national publications / Educación Física, años iniciales y aprendizajes: una revisión de literatura em periódicos nacionales

Nesta revisão de literatura integrativa objetivamos identificar como a Educação Física escolar, nos anos iniciais, vem sendo abordada do ponto de vista das aprendizagens construídas. Para tanto realizamos uma busca em periódicos nacionais de estratos A1 a B5 do Qualis CAPES para "Área de Avaliação Educação Física", nos últimos dez anos. Foi possível identificar que as aprendizagens que se pretende para esta etapa de ensino demonstram estarem, em grande medida, pautadas por habilidades e competências enraizadas na racionalidade técnico-instrumental. Contudo outras abordagens que buscam questionar e reconfigurar os documentos oficiais em diálogo com uma perspectiva crítica, contextualizada, coletiva e dialética também, ainda que em menor número, vêm se fazendopresentes nas produções acadêmicas.

The goal of this integrated literature review is to identify how Physical Education in early school years has been discussed from a constructed learning perspective. To do so, I performed research in national publications from Qualis CAPES grades A1 to B5 to the "Field of Physical Education Assessment" during the last ten years. I was able to identify that the learnings intended for this period of teaching appear to be grounded in skills and competencies attached to technical and instrumental rationality. Even so, other approaches that seek to question and reconfigure the official documents in line with a critical perspective, contextualized, collective and dialectic are growing ­even though in a smaller number ­in academic production

Em esta revisión de literatura integrativa se tiene por objetivo identificar como la Educación Física escolar, en los años iniciales, ha sido enfocada desde el punto de vista de los aprendizajes que se ha llevado a cabo. Para tanto se ha hecho una búsquedaen periódicos nacionales de parámetros A1 hasta B5 del Qualis CAPES para el "Area de Evaluación Educación Física", en los últimos diez años. Fue posible identificar que los aprendizajes que se lo requiere para esta etapa de enseñanza demuestran estar, en gran medida, pauteados por habilidades y competencias enfocadas en la racionalidad tecnico-instrumental. Sin embargo otros enfoques que buscan cuestionar y reconfigurar los documentos oficiales en el diálogo con una perspectiva crítica, contextualizada, colectiva y dialética también, aunque en menor número, se han hecho presentes en las producciones académicas.

Reconectar a educação física à escola: um desafio pós-pandêmico / Reconnecting physical education to school: a post pandemic challenge / Reconectar la educación física a la escuela: un reto post pandemia

Neste texto partimos da reflexão sobre os discursos higienistas atualmente utilizados no contexto social para legitimar a presença da Educação Física na escola em função de um cenário pandêmico. Por conseguinte, evidenciamos que tal discurso é incoerente com o que se espera da formação escolar, principalmente se observarmos os ataques sofridos pela Educação Física na escola e o fato de que esses discursos demostram o retrocesso da área, marcado pela noção de Educação Física apenas como momento de fazer atividade física. Defendemos uma Educação Física escolar crítica, como possibilidade viável de reconectar a Educação Física, como área de conhecimento, à escola ­ objetivo deste ensaio-

The discussion in this article starts from the reflection on the hygienist discourses which are currently used in the social context and it mains to legitimize the presence of Physical Education at school in a pandemic scenario. We evidence that such discourse is inconsistent in relation to what is expected by school education, especially if we observe the the attacks suffered by Physical Education at school and the fact that these discourses demonstrate a step backwards, marked by the notion which consider Physical Education as time to practice a physical activity. The aim of this essay is defending critical school Physical Education as a viable possibility to reconnect this area of knowledge to the school (AU).

Este estudio forma parte de la reflexión de los discursos higienistas actualmente utilizados en el contexto social para legitimar la presencia de la Educación Física en la escuela ante un escenario de pandemia. Por lo tanto, evidenciamos que tal discurso es incoherente con lo que esperamos de la formación escolar sobre todo si se observan los ataques sufridos por la Educación Físicaen la escuela y demostramos que estos discursos la regresión del área, marcada por la noción de Educación Física como tiempo para hacer actividad física. Defendemos la Educación Física escolar crítica como una posibilidad viable para reconectar la Educación Física, como área de conocimiento, a la escuela ­ objetivo de este ensayo (AU).

Reconectar a educação física à escola: um desafio pós-pandêmico / Reconnecting physical education to school: a post pandemic challenge / Reconectar la educación física a la escuela: un reto post pandemia

Neste texto partimos da reflexão sobre os discursos higienistas atualmente utilizados no contexto social para legitimar a presença da Educação Física na escola em função de um cenário pandêmico. Por conseguinte, evidenciamos que tal discurso é incoerente com o que se espera da formação escolar, principalmente se observarmos os ataques sofridos pela Educação Física na escola e o fato de que esses discursos demonstram o retrocesso da área, marcado pela noção de Educação Física apenas como momento de fazer atividade física. Defendemos uma Educação Física escolar crítica, como possibilidade viável de reconectar a Educação Física, como área de conhecimento, à escola ­ objetivo deste ensaio.

The discussion in this article starts from the reflection on the hygienist discourses which are currently used in the social context and it mains to legitimize the presence of Physical Education at school in a pandemic scenario. We evidence that such discourse is inconsistent in relation to what is expected by school education, especially if we observe the the attacks suffered by Physical Education at school and the fact that these discourses demonstrate a step backwards, marked by the notion which consider Physical Education as time to practice a physical activity. The aim of this essay is defending critical school Physical Education as a viable possibility to reconnect this area of knowledge to the school.

Este estudio forma parte de la reflexión de los discursos higienistas actualmente utilizados en el contexto social para legitimar la presencia de la Educación Física en la escuela ante un escenario de pandemia. Por lo tanto, evidenciamos que tal discurso es incoherente con lo que esperamos de la formación escolar sobre todo si se observan los ataques sufridos por la Educación Físicaen la escuela y demostramos que estos discursos la regresión del área, marcada por la noción de Educación Física como tiempo para hacer actividad física. Defendemos la Educación Física escolar crítica como una posibilidad viable para reconectar la Educación Física, como área de conocimiento, a la escuela ­ objetivo de este ensayo.

[Congenital anomalies from the perspective of social determinants of health]. / Anomalias congênitas na perspectiva dos determinantes sociais da saúde.

The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with cases of congenital anomalies from the perspective of social determinants of health in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is a case-control study with all the pairs of mothers and liveborn infants from 2012 to 2015 in the state, based on the total number of liveborn infants with congenital anomalies (5,250) and a random sample of 21,000 without congenital anomalies, according to data on the live birth certificates. The statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression models with SPSS. The Dahlgren & Whitehead model was used as the basis for grouping and discussing the variables. In the multivariate model, all the variables that were significantly associated with the outcome were in the sense of increasing the odds of births with congenital anomalies: black women had 20% higher odds than white women (OR = 1.20; p-value = 0.013); age over 40 years increased the odds by 97% when compared to women 18 to 29 years of age; women with less than four years of schooling showed 50% higher odds when compared to women with 12 or more years of schooling (OR = 1.50; p-value = 0.001); women with no prenatal visits had 97% higher odds than women with seven or more prenatal visits (OR = 1.97; p-value = 0.001); and prior history of miscarriages/stillbirths increased the odds by 17% (OR = 1.17; p-value = 0.001). The results raise the issue of racial and social inequalities, related to health inequities.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados aos casos de anomalias congênitas na perspectiva dos determinantes sociais da saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo caso-controle, com todas as duplas de mães e nascidos vivos no período de 2012 a 2015 no estado, sendo considerado o total de nascidos vivos com anomalia congênita (5.250), e realizada amostragem aleatória de 21 mil sem anomalia congênita, conforme as informações das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos. Para análise estatística, foram realizados testes qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística com o SPSS. O modelo de Dahlgren & Whitehead foi utilizado como base para agrupamento e discussão das variáveis. No modelo multivariado, todas variáveis que se mostraram associadas significativamente com o desfecho foram no sentido de aumentar a chance de nascimentos com anomalia congênita: as mulheres pretas tiveram 20% mais chance, comparadas às brancas (OR = 1,20; valor de p = 0,013); ter mais de 40 anos aumentou em 97% a chance, quando comparadas às de 18 a 29 anos; as mulheres com menos de quatro anos de estudo apresentaram 50% mais chance, comparadas às mulheres com 12 anos ou mais de estudo (OR = 1,50; valor de p = 0,001); as mulheres que não realizaram nenhuma consulta de pré-natal tiveram 97% mais chance, comparadas às mulheres que realizaram sete ou mais consultas (OR = 1,97; valor de p = 0,001); e a ocorrência de abortos/perdas fetais aumentou em 17% a chance, em relação a nunca ter tido abortos/perdas fetais prévios (OR = 1,17; valor de p = 0,001). Os resultados trazem à discussão as desigualdades raciais e sociais, relacionando-as às iniquidades em saúde.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores asociados con los casos de anomalías congénitas desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales en salud del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio de tipo caso-control, con todas las parejas de madres y nacidos vivos en el período de 2012 a 2015 en el estado, considerando el total de nacidos vivos con anomalía congénita (5.250), y realizando una muestra aleatoria con 21.000 sin anomalía congénita, conforme la información de las Declaraciones de Nacidos Vivos. Para el análisis estadístico, se realizaron tests chi-cuadrado y modelos de regresión logística mediante el SPSS. El modelo de Dahlgren & Whitehead se utilizó como base para el agrupamiento y discusión de las variables. En el modelo multivariado, todas las variables que se mostraron asociadas significativamente con el resultado fueron en el sentido de aumentar la oportunidad de nacimientos con anomalía congénita: las mujeres negras tuvieron un 20% más de oportunidad, comparadas con las blancas (OR = 1,20; valor de p = 0,013); tener más de 40 años aumentó en un 97% la oportunidad, cuando se comparan con las de 18 a 29 años; las mujeres con menos de cuatro años de estudio presentaron un 50% más de oportunidades, comparadas con las mujeres con 12 años o más de estudio (OR = 1,50; valor de p = 0,001); las mujeres que no realizaron ninguna consulta prenatal tuvieron 97% más oportunidades, comparadas con las mujeres que realizaron siete o más consultas (OR = 1,97; valor de p = 0,001); y la ocurrencia de abortos/pérdidas fetales aumentó en un 17% la oportunidad, en relación a nunca haber sufrido abortos/pérdidas fetales previas (OR = 1,17; valor de p = 0,001). Los resultados plantean la discusión de las desigualdades raciales y sociales, relacionándolas con las inequidades en salud.

Evaluation of music therapy to reduce stress in hospitalized cats.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the use of two different types of music - cat-specific music and classical music - compared with no music, to reduce stress in cats during hospitalization. METHODS: Thirty-five hospitalized cats were randomly divided into three groups and each group received a different stimulus - cat-specific music, classical music or no music (control) - throughout their hospitalization. Respiratory rate, salivary cortisol and social interaction were documented. A blinded researcher performed the Cat Stress Score (CSS) during the video analysis of recordings at five specific times over 31 h of hospitalization. RESULTS: There was no difference in the mean CSS between cats listening to cat-specific music, classical music and control throughout the five evaluations. Cat-specific music had a higher percentage of positive social interactions than the other groups on the first evaluation (P <0.05). The average respiratory rate was significantly lower in the classical music group vs control on the fourth evaluation (P <0.05). Although statistically insignificant, the average respiratory rate decreased only in the classical music group during the five evaluations. Cortisol quantification did not seem to follow the CSS results. However, owing to the low and unrepresentative number of samples, it was not possible to perform statistical analysis on these results or a group sample comparison. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Both cat-specific music and classical music seem to have some benefit to hospitalized cats. The salivary cortisol analysis was not adequate nor useful to measure stress in hospitalized cats in our study.

Anomalias congênitas na perspectiva dos determinantes sociais da saúde / Congenital anomalies from the perspective of social determinants of health / Anomalías congénitas desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales en salud

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores associados aos casos de anomalias congênitas na perspectiva dos determinantes sociais da saúde no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo caso-controle, com todas as duplas de mães e nascidos vivos no período de 2012 a 2015 no estado, sendo considerado o total de nascidos vivos com anomalia congênita (5.250), e realizada amostragem aleatória de 21 mil sem anomalia congênita, conforme as informações das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos. Para análise estatística, foram realizados testes qui-quadrado e modelos de regressão logística com o SPSS. O modelo de Dahlgren & Whitehead foi utilizado como base para agrupamento e discussão das variáveis. No modelo multivariado, todas variáveis que se mostraram associadas significativamente com o desfecho foram no sentido de aumentar a chance de nascimentos com anomalia congênita: as mulheres pretas tiveram 20% mais chance, comparadas às brancas (OR = 1,20; valor de p = 0,013); ter mais de 40 anos aumentou em 97% a chance, quando comparadas às de 18 a 29 anos; as mulheres com menos de quatro anos de estudo apresentaram 50% mais chance, comparadas às mulheres com 12 anos ou mais de estudo (OR = 1,50; valor de p = 0,001); as mulheres que não realizaram nenhuma consulta de pré-natal tiveram 97% mais chance, comparadas às mulheres que realizaram sete ou mais consultas (OR = 1,97; valor de p = 0,001); e a ocorrência de abortos/perdas fetais aumentou em 17% a chance, em relação a nunca ter tido abortos/perdas fetais prévios (OR = 1,17; valor de p = 0,001). Os resultados trazem à discussão as desigualdades raciais e sociais, relacionando-as às iniquidades em saúde.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with cases of congenital anomalies from the perspective of social determinants of health in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is a case-control study with all the pairs of mothers and liveborn infants from 2012 to 2015 in the state, based on the total number of liveborn infants with congenital anomalies (5,250) and a random sample of 21,000 without congenital anomalies, according to data on the live birth certificates. The statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression models with SPSS. The Dahlgren & Whitehead model was used as the basis for grouping and discussing the variables. In the multivariate model, all the variables that were significantly associated with the outcome were in the sense of increasing the odds of births with congenital anomalies: black women had 20% higher odds than white women (OR = 1.20; p-value = 0.013); age over 40 years increased the odds by 97% when compared to women 18 to 29 years of age; women with less than four years of schooling showed 50% higher odds when compared to women with 12 or more years of schooling (OR = 1.50; p-value = 0.001); women with no prenatal visits had 97% higher odds than women with seven or more prenatal visits (OR = 1.97; p-value = 0.001); and prior history of miscarriages/stillbirths increased the odds by 17% (OR = 1.17; p-value = 0.001). The results raise the issue of racial and social inequalities, related to health inequities.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores asociados con los casos de anomalías congénitas desde la perspectiva de los determinantes sociales en salud del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio de tipo caso-control, con todas las parejas de madres y nacidos vivos en el período de 2012 a 2015 en el estado, considerando el total de nacidos vivos con anomalía congénita (5.250), y realizando una muestra aleatoria con 21.000 sin anomalía congénita, conforme la información de las Declaraciones de Nacidos Vivos. Para el análisis estadístico, se realizaron tests chi-cuadrado y modelos de regresión logística mediante el SPSS. El modelo de Dahlgren & Whitehead se utilizó como base para el agrupamiento y discusión de las variables. En el modelo multivariado, todas las variables que se mostraron asociadas significativamente con el resultado fueron en el sentido de aumentar la oportunidad de nacimientos con anomalía congénita: las mujeres negras tuvieron un 20% más de oportunidad, comparadas con las blancas (OR = 1,20; valor de p = 0,013); tener más de 40 años aumentó en un 97% la oportunidad, cuando se comparan con las de 18 a 29 años; las mujeres con menos de cuatro años de estudio presentaron un 50% más de oportunidades, comparadas con las mujeres con 12 años o más de estudio (OR = 1,50; valor de p = 0,001); las mujeres que no realizaron ninguna consulta prenatal tuvieron 97% más oportunidades, comparadas con las mujeres que realizaron siete o más consultas (OR = 1,97; valor de p = 0,001); y la ocurrencia de abortos/pérdidas fetales aumentó en un 17% la oportunidad, en relación a nunca haber sufrido abortos/pérdidas fetales previas (OR = 1,17; valor de p = 0,001). Los resultados plantean la discusión de las desigualdades raciales y sociales, relacionándolas con las inequidades en salud.

Impact of dentists and equipment in the performing dental imaging examinations: a longitudinal analysis

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to identify factors associated with performing dental imaging examinations in public health services. Brazilian data at the municipal level (n = 5,564) in two time periods, P0 (2005-2007) and P1 (2014-2016), were collated from health information systems. The increase in the municipal rates of intraoral and extraoral radiographic imaging procedures was the outcome. Changes in the use of clinical procedures and the rates of dentists and equipment were the main predictors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR). Approximately 35.3% of the Brazilian municipalities increased the dental radiography equipment rate, 9.9% increased the fan-beam computed tomography (CT) equipment rate, and 5.9% increased the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment rate. In addition, 31.8% increased the periapical/interproximal radiography rate, 10.5% increased the CT rate, and 4.4% increased the MRI rate. Increases in the dental radiography, CT, and MRI rates were associated with higher chances of periapical/interproximal images (OR = 1.90, p < 0.01), face and neck images (OR =1 5.3, p < 0.01), and MR images (OR = 18.1, p < 0.01), respectively. Municipalities that increased the rates of endodontists increased the rates of periapical/interproximal (OR = 2.50, p < 0.01) and occlusal (OR = 1.60, p < 0.01) imaging procedures, and those that increased the rates of radiologists also increased the rates of occlusal (OR = 2.00, p < 0.01) and panoramic (OR = 1.70, p < 0.01) imaging procedures. The implementation of a secondary dental care center, Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) was associated with an increase in the chances of performing periapical/interproximal and panoramic radiographic procedures in 1.5 and occlusal radiographic examinations in 2.0. The rates of dentists, equipment, specialized dental centers, and specific dental procedures were associated with the increased use of imaging procedures in dentistry in the Brazilian public health system.

[Analysis of records for women that have undergone legally authorized abortions in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil]. / Análise dos registros de atendimentos de mulheres que realizaram aborto previsto em lei em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.

Abortion as allowed by law in Brazil is a right that is rarely enforced, due to the multiple barriers to access. Another troublesome issue related to the health system's organization is the difficulty in obtaining reliable and easily accessible records to back monitoring and evaluation of legally authorized abortion. The current study thus aimed to analyze the patient records of women that had undergone legal abortion in the city of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, from 2013 to 2018 and to identify the procedure's prevalence in the Hospital Information System (SIH). The study analyzed on site the patient files for legally permitted abortions performed in the four referral services in the city. The authors cross-analyzed the data with the database of the SIH under the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Prevalence ratio was estimated with a Poisson regression model with robust variance. Examination of the patient files identified 236 cases of legal abortion, of which 95 (40.3%) were recorded in the SIH. The cases in which the patient files contained ICD O04 (medical abortion) identified in their internal records had 3.02 times higher prevalence (95%CI: 1.83-4.98) of being recorded in the SIH than those without the ICD code. The number of records of legal abortions in the SIH differed according to the hospital. However, independently of the hospital, the fact that the internal record listed ICD O04 increased the prevalence of records in the SIH. In conclusion, the lack of standardization and under-recording hindered the collection of trustworthy information in the national database of the SUS, further increasing the invisibility of legal abortion in Brazil.

O aborto permitido por lei no Brasil é um direito pouco garantido devido a múltiplas barreiras de acesso. A dificuldade em obter-se registros confiáveis e de fácil acesso, que subsidiem ações de monitoramento e avaliação pertinentes a essa temática, é outra questão preocupante relacionada à organização do sistema de saúde. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os registros de atendimentos a mulheres que realizaram aborto legal no Município de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2013 a 2018 e identificar sua prevalência no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). Para isso, os prontuários dos casos de aborto previstos em lei, realizados nos quatro serviços de referência foram avaliados in loco. Os dados obtidos foram cruzados com o banco do SIH do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A razão de prevalência foi estimada por meio do modelo de regressão Poisson, com variância robusta. Foram identificados, nos prontuários, 236 casos de aborto legal, dos quais 95 (40,3%) estavam registrados no SIH. Os casos cujos prontuários tinham o CID O04 (aborto por razões médicas) identificado em seus registros internos tiveram uma prevalência de 3,02 (IC95%: 1,83-4,98) vezes de constarem no SIH do que aqueles que não identificaram. Foi observado que o número de registros de aborto legal no SIH diferia dependendo do hospital; no entanto, verificou-se que, independentemente do hospital, o fato do registro interno descrever o CID O04 aumenta a prevalência de registros no SIH. Conclui-se que a falta de padronização e o sub-registro dificultam a obtenção de informações fidedignas na base de dados nacionais do SUS, aumentando a invisibilidade do aborto legal.

El aborto está permitido por ley en Brasil, aunque es un derecho poco garantizado, debido a múltiples barreras de acceso. La dificultad de conseguir registros confiables y de fácil acceso, que apoyen acciones de supervisión y evaluación pertinentes para esta temática, es otra cuestión preocupante relacionada con la organización del sistema de salud. De este modo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los registros de atención a mujeres, que abortaron legalmente en el Municipio de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, durante el período de 2013 a 2018 e identificar su prevalencia en el Sistema de Informaciones Hospitalarias (SIH). Para tal fin, se evaluaron in loco los historiales de los casos de aborto previstos en ley, efectuados en cuatro servicios de referencia. Los datos obtenidos se cruzaron con el banco de datos del SIH del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). La razón de prevalencia se estimó mediante el modelo de regresión Poisson con variancia robusta. Se identificaron en los registros médicos, 236 casos de aborto legal, de los cuales 95 (40,3%) estaban registrados en el SIH. Los casos cuyos historiales tenían el CIE O04 (aborto por razones médicas), identificado en sus registros internos, contaron con una prevalencia de 3,02 veces (IC95%: 1,83-4,98) respecto a constar en el SIH, en relación con aquellos que no se identificaron. Se observó que el número de registros de aborto legal en el SIH difería dependiendo del hospital; no obstante, se verificó que, independientemente del hospital, el hecho de que el registro interno describa el CIE O04 aumenta la prevalencia de registros en el SIH. Se concluye que la falta de estandarización y el subregistro dificultan la obtención de información fidedigna en la base de datos nacionales del SUS, aumentando la invisibilidad del aborto legal.

Cistite enfisematosa em paciente idosa após cirurgia / Emphysematous cystitis in an elderly female patient after surgery / Cistitis enfisematosa en paciente anciana después de una cirugía

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de uma paciente não diabética com cistite enfisematosa. Descrição do caso: A seguinte descrição foi aprovada pelo CEP da UNIPAMPA conforme parecer n° 3.459.252. Paciente feminina, 82 anos, não diabética, que havia realizado procedimento cirúrgico. Achados em exames de imagem associados à cultura e exames laboratoriais direcionaram o diagnóstico para cistite enfisematosa. Foi realizado manejo conservador com antibioticoterapia com boa evolução. Conclusão: A cistite enfisematosa é um diagnóstico diferencial que requer alto nível de suspeição em pacientes não diabéticos, sendo o uso de métodos de imagem essencial para a sua realização.(AU)

Objectives: To report the case of a non-diabetic patient with emphysematous cystitis. Case description: The following description was approved by the REC from UNIPAMPA registered under the n° 3.459.252. Non-diabetic, 82 year-old female patient, who had undergone a surgical procedure. Findings in image tests associated with culture and laboratory tests directed her diagnosis to emphysematous cystitis. Conservative management was carried out and the patient was discharged after seven days of antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Emphysematous cystitis is a differential diagnosis that requires a high level of clinical suspicion in non-diabetic patients and the use of imaging methods is essential for its achievement.(AU)

Objetivos: Reportar el caso de una paciente no diabética con cistitis enfisematosa. Descripción del caso: La siguiente descripción fue aprobada por el CEI de la UNIPAMPA según parecer n° 3.459.252. Paciente femenina de ochenta y dos años, no diabética, que había realizado un procedimiento quirúrgico. Evidencias encontradas en los exámenes de imagen asociados a cultivos y exámenes de laboratorio direccionaron el diagnóstico a Cistitis enfisematosa. Fue realizado el manejo conservador con antibioticoterapia con buena evolución. Conclusión: Cistitis enfisematosa es un diagnóstico diferencial que requiere un alto nivel de sospecha clínica en pacientes no diabéticos, siendo el uso de métodos de imagen esencial para su realización.(AU)

Dental biofilm of symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbours SARS-CoV-2.

AIMS: SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been recovered from different sites in the human body, including the mouth. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the dental biofilm of symptomatic patients who tested positive in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NASO/ORO) samples. MATERIALS & METHODS: An observational clinical study of individuals with flu-like symptoms was conducted between July and September 2020. Dental biofilm (BIO) samples were collected and analysed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine the virus's presence. RESULTS: Seventy participants (40 ± 9.8 years of age, 71.4% female) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in NASO/ORO samples and were included in the study. Among them, 13 tested positive in BIO samples (18.6%; 95% CI: [9.5, 27.7]). The median and interquartile range of cycle quantification (Cq) for NASO/ORO and BIO samples were 15.9 [6.9] and 35.9 [4.0] (p = .001), respectively. BIO-positive participants showed a higher virus load in NASO/ORO samples (p = .012) than those testing negative (Cq = 20.4 [6.1]). CONCLUSIONS: Dental biofilms from symptomatic COVID-19 patients harbour SARS-CoV-2 RNA and might be a potential reservoir with an essential role in COVID-19 transmission.