RESUMO
@#Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is a significant infectious disease affecting cattle populations globally. However, the prevalence and distribution of bovine anaplasmosis vary across regions, making it crucial to assess its global burden systematically. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the global prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and synthesized data from diverse geographic regions. A literature search was conducted to identify all relevant published articles reporting the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis and a total of 164 studies were found eligible for final systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using meta package of R software and summary estimates of the prevalence were calculated. Meta-analysis of 129,851 samples from 42 countries was conducted and the overall estimated prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis was found to be 38% (100% CI = 33% - 42%). The prevalence was found to be higher in cattle (39.9%) in comparison to yaks (6.4%). Diagnosis using serology (40.2%) yielded a higher prevalence compared to molecular testing (38.3%) and blood smears (22.4%) methods. Additionally, there were significant differences in the prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis between different countries (p<0.05). This study will inform evidence-based strategies for control and prevention of bovine anaplasmosis on a global scale by discovering the true extent of the disease and identifying high-prevalence areas.
RESUMO
Platynosomum fastosum (synonym Platynosomum concinnum, Platynosomum illiciens ) is a hepatic fluke causing platynosomiasis or 'lizard poisoning' in cats. This disease is generally being underestimated by veterinary practitioners due to lack of awareness and difficulty in diagnosis although the severe cases of platynosomiasis could be fatal. This study was designed to detect the presence of cat liver fluke through faecal examination among cats kept in shelters, pet cats and stray cats around Klang Valley, Malaysia. The detection of liver flukes among stray cats was based on post-mortem examination. A total of 201 faecal samples were collected from eight shelters (n = 119) and five veterinary clinics (n = 82) in Klang Valley were subjected to simple floatation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques for ova detection. P. fastosum ova were identified in three faecal samples obtained from shelters (2.52%) and three samples collected from veterinary clinics (3.66%) by faecal examination. A total of 51 stray cats were procured from Pest and Animal Control Unit of the respective municipality. The cats were euthanised and necropsied to collect liver samples and bile duct. The liver was then dissected for isolation and identification of the fluke and bile duct fluid were aspirated for detection of fluke ova. Twelve cats (23.5%) were positive for P. fastosum and ova were found in their bile. Macroscopically, affected cats showed mottled liver (33.3%), distended gall bladder with thick tenacious bile (66.7%) that microscopically exhibited hepatic steatosis (25.0%) and hepatitis (33.3%). The severity of parasite load was almost equally distributed between the positive cats with low (n = 5, 55.6%; > 125 adult fluke) and high parasite burden (n = 4, 44.4%; < 125 adult fluke) cats, respectively. This study revealed the detection of P. fastosum among pet, shelters and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
