RESUMO
AIM: to know the effectiveness of probiotic in reducing hepatic inflammation among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. METHODS: we performed literature searching regarding the potential role of probiotic in reducing hepatic inflammation among NAFLD patients. RESULTS: six articles were finally critically appraised. All six studies had good validity and importance. These studies unanimously reported that probiotic is useful in reducing hepatic inflammation, and liver fat content. However, further evidence is needed to show whether or not probiotic is beneficial reducing cirrhosis progression and liver-related mortality. CONCLUSION: probiotic owns robust potential to treat NAFLD. Probiotic reduce hepatic inflammation, as shown by the reduction of liver aminotransferase, and inflammatory markers. Based on this evidence based report, probiotic is a promising adjunct therapy for NAFLD.
Assuntos
Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Myocardial infarction is one of the main cause of mortality in many countries. Therefore, an effective therapy for myocardial infarction is required. Reperfusion and other conventional therapy have been the mainstay therapy for myocardial infarction. However, many patients remain refractory to this therapy. Cellular cardiomyoplasty is considered a novel therapy, in which stem cells are used for cardiac repair. Stem cells are potential therapeutic approach that could be the ultimate solution for salvaging damaged cardiomyocyte. Based on current studies, stem cells are a promising therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction. However, some challenges need to be answered by future studies before this novel therapy can be widely applied. As we advance our understanding, all questions behind stem cell therapy would finally be revealed, and eventually provide the ultimate solution for ischaemic cardiac repair. This paper provide an overview of the latest progress in stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction.
Assuntos
Cardiomioplastia/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Células-Tronco , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Infusões Intra-Arteriais , Infusões Intravenosas , Injeções IntralesionaisRESUMO
Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of cardiac related death worldwide. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome is required to determine the next clinical step. The current gold standard for cardiac markers, troponin and CK-MB have their downside. The delayed increase of detectable circulating level of these markers contribute to delayed diagnosis and therapy. Novel biomarkers that rise earlier, has a good diagnosis accuracy and has additional prognostic information, are highly needed. There are some potential emerging novel biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction. High sensitivity troponin have a greater sensitivity and accuracy for detection and early exclusion of myocardial infarction, as compared to troponin. B-natriuretic peptide (BNP and NT-pro BNP) provide prognostic information in regards of mortality. Myeloperoxidase identify subjects with increased risk of cardiac events in the absence of myocardial necrosis. Dual marker strategy combining copeptin with troponin T is more accurate assay to diagnose acute myocardial infarction. The level of Growth Differentiation Factor-15 is correlated with the risk of death or myocardial infarction in the next 6 months. While, Heart-Fatty Acid Binding Protein assay is an earlier marker for myocardial necrosis and provide valuable prognostic information and can further stratify patients' risk. Novel cardiac biomarkers provide a faster exclusion of acute myocardial infarction, yet with very good accuracy. However unlike their predecessors, the clinical use of these novel cardiac biomarkers are not only limited to establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Novel cardiac biomarkers possess additional potential use, some of which are to determine patients' prognosis and to further stratify patients' risk that would determine the next step of therapy.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Diagnóstico Precoce , Proteína 3 Ligante de Ácido Graxo , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo/sangue , Glicopeptídeos/sangue , Fator 15 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/sangue , Humanos , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Peroxidase/sangue , Prognóstico , Troponina T/sangueRESUMO
AIM: to determine whether the administration of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 would lead to reduction of cardiovascular complication and mortality among CKD patients. METHODS: a search was conducted on PubMed and Google. The selection of title and abstract was conducted using inclusion and exclusion criterias, which led to six relevant articles. The selected studies were critically appraised for its validity, importance and applicability. RESULTS: the administration of folic acid and vitamin B reduce homocysteine level among CKD patients. Despite homocysteine level reduction, all six studies reported similar findings that folic acid and vitamin B supplementation did not significantly reduce cardiovascular complication and mortality. CONCLUSION: treatment with folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 did not reduce cardiovascular complication and mortality among CKD patients.