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1.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 166(6): 321-328, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38807435

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Two six-month old female Lacaune lambs with severe skeletal malformations of both front limbs were presented to the Department of Farm Animals, University of Zurich. The clinical examination showed alert animals with a high body weight and body condition score as well as a valgus deformation without pain or swelling. Radiographic examination showed severe irregularities in the epiphysial plate of the metacarpal bones in both lambs. Delayed growth in the lateral aspects of the physis was evident and resulted in valgus deformation. Nutritional causes were considered as the main reason for this presentation and a nutritional consultation was performed by the Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Zurich. The estimated energy intake of these lambs was 65 % higher than the recommended maximum for growing sheep and the estimated vitamin D content of the diet was 71 % below the recommended allowance. Both animals were euthanized, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) was performed postmortem to measure total bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone mineral density (tBMD) and cortical bone mineral density (cBMD) of the left and right metatarsal bone of both animals. The BMD and the tBMD at 10 % of bone length were below the reference values and the BMD at 50 % was above the reference values. In addition, postmortem examination revealed a Salter-Harris-Typ-1 facture in the right caput humeri of one lamb. Histological evaluation showed defects in the articular cartilage with an eburnation in the metacarpal region and a disrupted area of columnar cartilage. This case report supports the fact that a high dietary energy intake leads to damage to the cartilage and the epiphyseal zone in sheep. In addition, insufficient dietary vitamin D intake contributed to the incomplete bone mineralization, as well as delayed growth and skeletal malformation.


INTRODUCTION: Deux agneaux Lacaune femelles de six mois présentant de graves malformations squelettiques des deux membres antérieurs ont été présentés au Département des animaux de rente de l'Université de Zurich. L'examen clinique a montré des animaux alertes avec un poids corporel et une note d'état corporel élevés ainsi qu'une déformation en valgus sans douleur ni gonflement. L'examen radiographique a montré de graves irrégularités dans la plaque épiphysaire des os métacarpiens chez les deux agnelles. Un retard de croissance du côté latéral de la physis était évident, entraînant une déformation en valgus. Des causes nutritionnelles ont été considérées comme étant la principale raison de cette situation et une consultation nutritionnelle a été effectuée par l'Institut de nutrition animale et de diététique de l'Université de Zurich. L'apport énergétique estimé de ces agneaux était supérieur de 65 % au maximum recommandé pour les moutons en croissance et la teneur estimée en vitamine D du régime alimentaire était inférieure de 71 % à l'apport recommandé. Les deux animaux ont été euthanasiés et une tomographie quantitative périphérique a été réalisée post mortem pour mesurer la densité minérale osseuse totale (DMO), la densité minérale osseuse trabéculaire (DMOt) et la densité minérale osseuse corticale (DMOc) des métatarses gauche et droit des deux animaux. La DMO et la DMOt à 10 % de la longueur de l'os étaient inférieures aux valeurs de référence et la DMO à 50 % était supérieure aux valeurs de référence. En outre, l'examen post-mortem a révélé une facture de Salter-Harris-Typ-1 dans le caput humeri droit d'un agneau. L'évaluation histologique a montré des défauts dans le cartilage articulaire avec une éburnation sousjacente dans la région métacarpienne et une zone de destruction du cartilage colonnaire. Ce rapport de cas confirme le fait qu'un apport énergétique alimentaire élevé entraîne des lésions du cartilage et de la zone épiphysaire chez les ovins. En outre, un apport alimentaire insuffisant en vitamine D a contribué à une minéralisation osseuse incomplète, ainsi qu'à un retard de croissance et à une malformation du squelette.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Feminino , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Densidade Óssea , Dieta/veterinária
2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 165(3): 181-0, 2023 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36852871

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The goal of this study was to investigate the hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in healthy and ill cows and their newborn calves. A total of 40 cows and their 42 newborn calves were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 19 clinically healthy cows and their 20 newborn calves, and group 2 comprised 21 cows that had had a chronic illness in the third trimester of gestation and their 22 newborn calves. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system was used to measure the HCC in hair samples that were collected from the cows and calves on the day the calves were born. In both groups, the mean HCCs of the calves was significantly higher than that of the cows (group 1, 31,0 vs. 0,6 pg/mg; group 2, 19,4 vs. 0,8 pg/mg; P.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de cette étude était d'étudier la concentration de cortisol dans les poils (HCC) chez des vaches saines et malades et chez leurs veaux nouveau-nés. Un total de 40 vaches et leurs 42 veaux nouveau-nés ont été divisés en deux groupes: le groupe 1 comprenait 19 vaches cliniquement saines et leurs 20 veaux nouveau-nés, et le groupe 2 comprenait 21 vaches ayant eu une maladie chronique au cours du troisième trimestre de gestation et leurs 22 veaux nouveau-nés. Un système de chromatographie liquide avec spectrométrie de masse en tandem (LC-MS/MS) a été utilisé pour mesurer le HCC dans des échantillons de poils prélevés sur les vaches et les veaux le jour de leur naissance. Dans les deux groupes, le HCC moyen des veaux était significativement plus élevé que celui des vaches (groupe 1, 31,0 pg/mg contre 0,6 pg/mg ; groupe 2, 19,4 pg/mg contre 0,8 pg/mg ; P.


Assuntos
Hidrocortisona , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Feminino , Gravidez , Bovinos , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida/veterinária , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/veterinária , Parto , Cabelo
3.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(10): 687-693, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36193779

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to describe clinical indications for eye enucleation and exenteration, the occurrence of complications and long-term outcome in cattle, and examine owners' attitude towards enucleation and exenteration and their satisfaction with the surgical outcome. Medical records from the two veterinary teaching hospitals in Switzerland were reviewed to identify cattle that underwent unilateral enucleation or exenteration between January 2013 and December 2020. Data extracted included medical history, ocular examination, clinical diagnosis, surgical procedure including anesthesia, suture material and pattern used, complications, and treatment thereof. Long-term follow-up was evaluated via national animal database inquiries to determine survival time and via owners' interviews with the use of a standardized questionnaire that included questions regarding the occurrence of complications and reason for culling, production performances and perceived quality of life after surgery, concerns, factors affecting the decision to proceed with surgery, and general satisfaction with the outcome. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests and unpaired t-test were used to summarize the data and assess association between variables. Association was considered significant if p < 0,05. Thirty-eight cases were identified, with a median age of 5 years. More than half of the cases (55,3 %) were diagnosed with non-neoplastic ocular lesions represented by severe trauma with loss of globe content, globe rupture with history of infectious keratoconjunctivitis or hypopyon, or congenital malformations. The remaining cases were diagnosed with neoplastic lesions, including ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), melanoma, or sarcoma. Complications following surgery were reported in 29 % of cases and included postoperative infection and recurrence of OSCC. There was no significant association between ocular diagnosis and the occurrence of postoperative complications or survival time. Surgery did not seem to influence the animals' postoperative production performance or the perceived quality of life. Most owners (92 %) were satisfied with the surgical outcome. The occurrence of postoperative complications leading to increased overall costs and culling was the main reason for lower owner satisfaction.


INTRODUCTION: La présente étude vise à décrire les indications cliniques de l'énucléation et de l'exentération de l'œil, la survenue de complications et le résultat à long terme chez les bovins et à examiner l'attitude des propriétaires vis-à-vis de l'énucléation et de l'exentération et leur satisfaction quant au résultat chirurgical. Les dossiers médicaux des deux hôpitaux universitaires vétérinaires de Suisse ont été examinés pour identifier les bovins qui ont subi une énucléation ou une exentération unilatérale entre janvier 2013 et décembre 2020. Les données extraites comprenaient les antécédents médicaux, l'examen oculaire, le diagnostic clinique, la procédure chirurgicale y compris l'anesthésie, le matériel et le patron de suture utilisés, les complications et leur traitement. Le suivi à long terme a été évalué en utilisant la base de données nationale sur les animaux afin de déterminer la durée de survie, et par d'entretiens avec les propriétaires à l'aide d'un questionnaire standardisé qui comprenait des questions concernant l'apparition de complications et la raison de la réforme, les performances de production et la qualité de vie perçue après la chirurgie, les réserves, les facteurs affectant la décision de procéder à la chirurgie et la satisfaction générale du résultat. Les données ont été résumées à l'aide de statistiques descriptives et les différences éventuelles entre les variables ont été analysées à l'aide de tests exacts de Fisher et de tests t non appariés. L'association a été considérée comme significative si p < 0,05. Trente-huit cas ont été identifiés, avec un âge médian de 5 ans. Plus de la moitié des cas (55,3 %) ont été diagnostiqués avec des lésions oculaires non néoplasiques causées par un traumatisme grave avec perte du contenu du globe, une rupture du globe avec des antécédents de kératoconjonctivite infectieuse ou d'hypopion ou des malformations congénitales. Les autres cas ont été diagnostiqués comme des lésions néoplasiques, notamment carcinome épidermoïde oculaire, mélanome ou sarcome. Des complications après l'opération ont été signalées dans 29 % des cas, notamment infection postopératoire et récidive du carcinome épidermoïde oculaire. Il n'y avait pas d'association significative entre le diagnostic et l'apparition de complications postopératoires ou la durée de survie. L'intervention chirurgicale n'a pas semblé influencer les performances de production postopératoires des animaux ni la qualité de vie perçue. La plupart des propriétaires (92 %) étaient satisfaits du résultat de la chirurgie. L'apparition de complications postopératoires entraînant une augmentation des coûts globaux et l'abattage des animaux était la principale raison de la baisse de satisfaction des propriétaires.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Enucleação Ocular/veterinária , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(9): 609-622, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36047817

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular fractures are among the most common fractures in cattle. The medical records of 108 cattle with a mandibular fracture, that were referred to the University of Zurich Veterinary Hospital from 2005 to 2019, were analysed to document the types of treatment, complications and long-term outcomes. Cattle, still alive at the time of retrospective analysis, underwent clinical and radiographic examinations. A fall was the single most common cause of a mandibular fracture (48,1 %), and a third of all cattle had a concomitant disease at the time of referral. Seventy-five cattle (69,4 %) had a single fracture, 26 (24,1 %) had two fractures and seven (6,5 %) had three fractures of the mandible. The molar part of the mandibular body was most commonly (40,7 %) fractured followed by the diastema (23,6 %), the pars incisiva (13,4 %), the ramus (12,1 %) and the symphysis (10,2 %) of the mandible. The majority of cattle (84/108, 77,8 %) had open fractures. Treatment was instituted in 63/108 animals (58,3 %) with 77/148 fractures. Of these fractures, 28 were treated with plate osteosynthesis, 25 with an external fixator, 8 with cerclage wire, 7 using mixed techniques, 4 with fragment excision, 4 underwent conservative treatment and one a mucosal suture. In total, 45/108 animals (41,7 %) were culled because of multiple fractures, concomitant diseases and because of economic reasons. Complications occurred in 34 (54,0 %) treated cattle; 22 had abnormal wound healing of which 18 developed osteomyelitis complicated by a sequestrum (14). Of the treated 63 cattle, 56 (88,9 %) were discharged. The mean postoperative productive life was 46 ± 29,2 months for animals that were deceased at the time of the study. Thirteen of the cattle with a sequestrum remained in the herd for 15 to 92 months (mean, 47 months) and one for 2 months. The life expectancy after treatment did not differ significantly from that of the Brown Swiss and Swiss Holstein dairy cattle populations, where the cattle of this study mainly came from. Eleven cattle were available for long-term follow-up; all had a good general health status but nine had dental abnormalities including missing teeth, steps or enamel points, which did not noticeably affect the body condition of the animals. Surgical treatment of selected mandibular fractures had a favourable prognosis (52/63 healed, 82,5 %) in cattle.


INTRODUCTION: Les fractures mandibulaires font partie des fractures les plus fréquentes chez les bovins. Les dossiers médicaux de 108 bovins présentant une fracture mandibulaire, référés à l'hôpital vétérinaire de l'Université de Zurich entre 2005 et 2019, ont été analysés afin de documenter les types de traitement, les complications et les résultats à long terme. Les bovins, encore vivants au moment de l'analyse rétrospective, ont subi des examens cliniques et radiographiques. Une chute était la cause la plus fréquente d'une fracture mandibulaire (48,1 %), et un tiers des bovins présentaient une maladie concomitante au moment de la consultation. Septante-cinq bovins (69,4 %) avaient une seule fracture, 26 (24,1 %) avaient deux fractures et sept (6,5 %) avaient trois fractures de la mandibule. La partie molaire du corps mandibulaire était le plus souvent (40,7 %) fracturée, suivie du diastème (23,6 %), de la pars incisiva (13,4 %), du ramus (12,1 %) et de la symphyse (10,2 %) de la mandibule. La majorité des bovins (84/108, 77,8 %) présentaient des fractures ouvertes. Un traitement a été institué chez 63/108 animaux (58,3 %) avec 77/148 fractures. Parmi ces fractures, 28 ont été traitées par une ostéosynthèse par plaque, 25 par un fixateur externe, 8 par cerclage, 7 par des techniques mixtes, 4 par une excision du fragment, 4 par un traitement conservateur et une par une suture muqueuse. Au total, 45/108 animaux (41,7 %) ont été abattus en raison de fractures multiples, de maladies concomitantes et pour des raisons économiques. Des complications sont survenues chez 34 (54,0 %) des bovins traités ; 22 ont présenté une cicatrisation anormale dont 18 ont développé une ostéomyélite compliquée par un séquestre (14). Sur les 63 bovins traités, 56 (88,9 %) sont sortis de clinique. La vie productive postopératoire moyenne était de 46 ± 29,2 mois pour les animaux qui étaient décédés au moment de l'étude. Treize des bovins avec un séquestre sont restés dans le troupeau pendant 15 à 92 mois (moyenne, 47 mois) et un pendant 2 mois. L'espérance de vie après traitement ne différait pas significativement de celle des populations de vaches laitières Brown Swiss et Swiss Holstein d'où provenaient principalement les bovins de cette étude. Onze bovins étaient disponibles pour un suivi à long terme ; tous avaient un bon état de santé général mais neuf présentaient des anomalies dentaires, notamment des dents manquantes, des différences de niveau de la table dentaire ou des pointes d'émail, ce qui n'a pas affecté de manière notable l'état corporel des animaux. Le traitement chirurgical de certaines fractures mandibulaires a donc eu un pronostic favorable (52/63 guéries, 82,5 %) chez les bovins.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Fraturas Mandibulares , Animais , Placas Ósseas , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Mandibulares/cirurgia , Fraturas Mandibulares/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(11): 709-720, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758948

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of osteochondral changes in the metatarsal growth plates of fattening bulls was investigated. Plantarodorsal radiographic views of the metatarsal region of 204 hind legs from 102 slaughtered fattening bulls were taken. Radiographic lesions in metatarsal growth plates were confirmed in selected cases using computed tomography (n=14) and histology (n=6). Radiographic criteria for growth plate lesions were axis deviations between the metatarsal bones and the digit, radiolucencies in the growth plate, increased bone density in the metaphysis, irregularities of the growth plate and marginal osteophytes («lipping¼). The individual lesions were categorised as present/absent or 1 = slight, 2 = distinct, and 3 = severe. A weighted sum of these radiographic changes was generated for each growth plate and for each animal, and used for statistical analysis of the associations between husbandry factors and the occurrence of lesions. Almost all of the metatarsal bones had signs of osteochondral changes on the radiographs of the growth plates. The most common lesions were lipping (99,5 %), increased bone density in the metaphysis (66,6 %) and radiolucencies in the growth plates (64,1 %). Computed tomography and histology revealed hyperplasia of the margins of the epiphysis and metaphysis, focal increase in bone deposits accompanied by incomplete ossification and irregular and widened cartilage columns of the growth plate. There were statistically significant associations between the weighted radiographic changes and slaughter weight, average daily weight gain, husbandry practices and production label. The prevalence of radiographic lesions indicative for osteochondrosis of the metatarsal growth plates of fattening bulls slaughtered at a local abattoir was high. The extent to which the distinct and severe lesions are associated with reduced production and obvious clinical lameness requires further study.


INTRODUCTION: La prévalence des modifications ostéochondrales des plaques de croissance métatarsiennes des taureaux à l'engraissement a été étudiée. Des radiographies planto-dorsales de la région métatarsienne de 204 membres postérieurs de 102 taureaux d'engraissement abattus ont été réalisées. Les lésions radiographiques des plaques de croissance métatarsiennes ont été confirmées dans des cas sélectionnés par tomodensitométrie (n=14) et histologie (n=6). Les critères radiographiques des lésions du cartilage de conjugaison étaient les déviations de l'axe entre les os métatarsiens et les phalanges, les radiotransparences du cartilage de conjugaison, l'augmentation de la densité osseuse de la métaphyse, les irrégularités du cartilage de conjugaison et les ostéophytes marginaux (« lipping ¼). Les lésions individuelles ont été classées comme présentes/absentes ou 1 = légères, 2 = distinctes et 3 = sévères. Une somme pondérée de ces modifications radiographiques a été générée pour chaque plaque de croissance et pour chaque animal et utilisée pour l'analyse statistique des associations entre les facteurs d'élevage et l'apparition de lésions. Presque tous les os métatarsiens présentaient des signes de modifications ostéochondrales sur les radiographies des plaques de croissance. Les lésions les plus fréquentes étaient le « lipping ¼ (99,5 %), l'augmentation de la densité osseuse au niveau de la métaphyse (66,6 %) et les radiotransparences des plaques de croissance (64,1 %). La tomodensitométrie et l'histologie ont révélé une hyperplasie des marges de l'épiphyse et de la métaphyse, une augmentation focale des dépôts osseux accompagnée d'une ossification incomplète et des colonnes cartilagineuses irrégulières et élargies sur le cartilage de conjugaison. Il y avait des associations statistiquement significatives entre les changements radiographiques pondérés et le poids d'abattage, le gain de poids quotidien moyen, les pratiques d'élevage et les labels de production. La prévalence des lésions radiographiques révélatrices d'une ostéochondrose des plaques de croissance métatarsiennes des taureaux d'engraissement abattus dans un abattoir local était élevée. La mesure dans laquelle ces lésions distinctes et sévères sont associées à une production réduite et à une boiterie clinique évidente nécessite une étude plus approfondie.


Assuntos
Lâmina de Crescimento , Ossos do Metatarso , Animais , Bovinos , Epífises , Lâmina de Crescimento/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Ossos do Metatarso/diagnóstico por imagem , Prevalência , Suíça
6.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(10): 672-676, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758959

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Eating and rumination variables were recorded using a pressure sensor integrated into the noseband of a halter in 60 cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA) before and after postoperative administration of flunixin meglumine (FM). Group 1 comprised 9 healthy control cows that were used to establish reference intervals. Group 2 included 60 cows with LDA that received one of the following three treatments: intravenous saline solution (2A, n=20), 1.1 mg/kg FM (2B, n=20) or 2.2 mg/kg FM (2C, n=20) once daily for 3 days after right-flank omentopexy. Median eating times on the day before surgery were 93 (2A), 80 (2B) and 114 (2C) min, which were below the reference interval (246 to 381 min). On the day after surgery, eating times had increased significantly to 201 (2A), 172 (2B) and 216 (2C) min, after which time they continued to increase. Eating and rumination times, numbers of regurgitated feed boluses per day and chewing cycles per bolus did not differ among treated groups. Postoperative administration of FM did not affect eating and rumination variables in this study, and normalisation of these variables was attributable to surgical correction of LDA.


INTRODUCTION: Les variables d'alimentation et de rumination ont été enregistrées à l'aide d'un capteur de pression intégré à la muserolle d'un licol chez 60 vaches avec déplacement à gauche de la caillette (LDA) avant et après l'administration postopératoire de flunixine méglumine (FM). Le groupe 1 comprenait 9 vaches témoins en bonne santé qui ont été utilisées pour établir des intervalles de référence. Le groupe 2 comprenait 60 vaches avec LDA qui ont reçu l'un des trois traitements suivants : solution saline intraveineuse (2A, n=20), 1,1 mg/kg FM (2B, n=20) ou 2,2 mg/kg FM (2C, n= 20) une fois par jour pendant 3 jours après omentopexie par le flanc droit. La durée médiane des repas la veille de la chirurgie était de 93 (2A), 80 (2B) et 114 (2C) minutes, ce qui était inférieur à l'intervalle de référence (246 à 381 min). Le lendemain de la chirurgie, la durée des repas avait augmenté de manière significative à 201 (2A), 172 (2B) et 216 (2C) minutes, après quoi elle a continué à augmenter. Les temps de repas et de rumination, le nombre de bolus alimentaires régurgités par jour et les cycles de mastication par bolus ne différaient pas entre les groupes traités. L'administration postopératoire de FM n'a pas affecté les variables d'alimentation et de rumination dans cette étude et la normalisation de ces variables était attribuable à la correction chirurgicale de la LDA.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Gastropatias , Abomaso/cirurgia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Clonixina/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Mastigação , Gastropatias/tratamento farmacológico , Gastropatias/cirurgia , Gastropatias/veterinária
7.
Meas Phys Educ Exerc Sci ; 25(3): 212-226, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34326627

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to compare activPAL algorithm-estimated values for time in bed (TIB), wake time (WT) and bedtime (BT) against self-report and an algorithm developed by van der Berg and colleagues. Secondary analyses of baseline data from the Community Activity for Prevention Study (CAPS) were used in which adults ≥ 18 years wore the activPAL for seven days. Mixed-effects models compared differences between TIB, WT, and BT for all three methods. Bland-Altman plots examined agreement and the two-one-sided test examined equivalence. activPAL was not equivalent to self-report or van der Berg in estimating TIB, but was equivalent to self-report for estimating BT, and was equivalent to van der Berg for estimating WT. The activPAL algorithm requires adjustments before researchers can use it to estimate TIB. However, researchers can use activPAL's option to manually enter self-reported BT and WT to estimate TIB and better understand 24-hour movement patterns.

8.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 162(4): 235-244, 2020 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32234693

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study included 94 cows aged 2.1 to 12.0 years (5.2 ± 2.05 years) that were examined at a referral clinic because of type-1 abomasal ulcer. The most common clinical findings were poor general health status (94%), partial or complete anorexia (93%), congested scleral vessels (89%), decreased skin surface temperature (76%), decreased or absent faecal output (72%), abdominal guarding (59%), tachypnoea (56%), rumen atony (53%) and positive percussion and simultaneous auscultation and/or ballottement and simultaneous auscultation on the right side (53%). The most common laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (68%), positive base excess (60%) and azotaemia (51%). The chloride concentration of rumen fluid was increased in 48% of the cows. The diagnosis of type-1 ulcer was made during laparotomy and/or postmortem examination. One or more concurrent diseases were diagnosed in 97% of the cows. Seventy-eight (83%) cows were euthanased immediately after the initial examination, during laparotomy or after unsuccessful treatment, and eight (8.5%) cows died, and all were examined postmortem. Eight (8.5%) cows were discharged and six of these made a complete recovery.


INTRODUCTION: La présente étude a inclus 94 vaches âgées de 2,1 à 12,0 ans (5,2 ± 2,05 ans) qui ont été examinées dans une clinique de référence en raison d'un ulcère de la caillette de type 1. Les signes cliniques les plus courants étaient un mauvais état de santé général (94%), une anorexie partielle ou complète (93%), des vaisseaux scléraux congestionnés (89%), une diminution de la température de la surface de la peau (76%), une diminution ou une absence de débit fécal (72%), une défense abdominale (59%), de la tachypnée (56%), une atonie du rumen (53%) et une percussion positive avec auscultation simultanée (PSA) et / ou ballottement et auscultation simultanée (BSA) du côté droit (53%). Les résultats de laboratoire les plus courants étaient l'hypokaliémie (68%), l'excès de base positif (60%) et l'azotémie (51%). La concentration en chlorure du liquide du rumen a augmenté chez 48% des vaches. Le diagnostic d'ulcère de type 1 a été posé lors de la laparotomie et/ou de l'autopsie. Une ou plusieurs maladies concomitantes ont été diagnostiquées chez 97% des vaches. Soixante-dix-huit vaches (83%) ont été euthanasiées immédiatement après l'examen initial, pendant la laparotomie ou après un traitement infructueux, et huit vaches (8,5%) sont mortes. Toutes ont été examinées post-mortem. Huit vaches (8,5%) sont sorties de clinique et six d'entre elles ont complètement récupéré.


Assuntos
Abomaso/diagnóstico por imagem , Abomaso/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Úlcera Gástrica/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Eutanásia Animal , Feminino , Úlcera Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Úlcera Gástrica/patologia , Ultrassonografia/veterinária
9.
J Dairy Sci ; 102(7): 6431-6441, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31103292

RESUMO

The modern dairy industry is plagued by a high prevalence of claw horn lesions in cows, which cause lameness, affect well-being, limit milk production, and are responsible for premature removal of cows from the herd. The lateral hind claws are primarily affected, and this has been linked to a relatively higher load being exerted on the lateral claws when cows shift weight from one hind limb to the other. The vertical ground reaction forces and mean and maximum pressures under the claws were measured in 40 nonlame dairy cows before and during a shift in weight from one hind limb to the other, which was accomplished by applying pressure manually to one side of the pelvis. During square standing on firm ground, about two-thirds of the entire hind limb load was exerted on the 2 lateral claws, and the remaining one-third was exerted on the medial claws combined. At the moment of maximum weight shift, the lateral claw of the loaded limb bore almost two-thirds of the entire load of both hind limbs, with the heel zone bearing almost half of the load of both hind limbs. Subsequently, the load of the lateral claw of the contralateral hind limb decreased, as did the load of both medial claws. Thus, the weight redistribution had occurred predominantly between the lateral hind claws. The high load exerted on a lateral hind claw during weight shift and at maximum weight shift is assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of claw horn lesions, particularly when accentuated by a softened claw horn and hard flooring.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Bovinos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Membro Posterior/fisiopatologia , Casco e Garras/lesões , Coxeadura Animal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Peso Corporal , Bovinos/fisiologia , Feminino , Doenças do Pé/fisiopatologia , Marcha , Membro Posterior/lesões , Casco e Garras/fisiopatologia
10.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 27(7): 1075-1083, 2019 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30991104

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In ovine hips chondrolabral damage as seen in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can be induced via an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy. However, it is yet to proven whether the observed cartilage damage is caused by a dynamic cam type impingement. Thus we asked, (1) whether actual cartilage damage observed after FAI induction in ovine hips occurs at the predicted, computed zone of FAI; (2) whether the extent of cartilage damage increases with ambulation time in this animal model? DESIGN: In this experimental, controlled, comparative study 20 sheep underwent unilateral FAI induction through an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy. Preoperatively sheep underwent computed tomography to generate three-dimensional models of the osseous pelvis and femur. The models were used to predict impingement zones before and after simulated varus osteotomy using range of motion (ROM) analysis. Sheep were sacrificed after 14-40 weeks of ambulation. At sacrifice cartilage was inspected and (1) location of actual damage and computed impingement zones were compared; (2) Cartilage damage was compared between short- and long ambulation groups. RESULTS: (1) The average location and the extent of peripheral and central cartilage lesions did not differ with the computed impingement zones (all P > 0.05). (2) Grades of central, posterior cartilage damage were more severe in the long-compared to the short ambulation group (2.2 ± 1.8 vs 0.4 ± 0.5; P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental ovine FAI model the surgical induction of an osseous impingement conflict between the femur and acetabulum causes cartilage damage at the zone of simulated FAI.


Assuntos
Acetábulo/patologia , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Impacto Femoroacetabular/complicações , Fêmur/patologia , Articulação do Quadril/patologia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Acetábulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Cartilagem Articular/fisiopatologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Impacto Femoroacetabular/diagnóstico por imagem , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Quadril/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Osteotomia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ovinos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos
11.
Bone Rep ; 8: 173-179, 2018 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29955636

RESUMO

Several approaches to combine bone substitutes with biomolecules, cells or mechanical loading have been explored as an alternative to the limitation and risk-related bone auto- and allo-grafts. In particular, human bone progenitor cells seeded in porous poly(L-lactic acid)/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds have shown promising results. Furthermore, the application of mechanical loading has long been known to be a key player in the regulation of bone architecture and mechanical properties. Several in vivo studies have pointed out the importance of its temporal offset. When an early mechanical loading was applied a few days after scaffold implantation, it was ineffective on bone formation, whereas a delayed mechanical loading of several weeks was beneficial for bone tissue regeneration. No information is reported to date on the effectiveness of applying a mechanical loading in vivo on cell-seeded scaffold with respect to bone formation in a bone site. In our study, we were interested in human bone progenitor cells due to their low immunogenicity, sensitivity to mechanical loading and capacity to differentiate into osteogenic human bone progenitor cells. The latest capacity allowed us to test two different bone cell fates originating from the same cell type. Therefore, the general aim of this study was to assess the outcome on bone formation when human bone progenitor cells or pre-differentiated osteogenic human bone progenitor cells are combined with early and delayed mechanical loading inside bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Scaffolds without cells, named cell-free scaffold, were used as control. Surprisingly, we found that (1) the optimal solution for bone formation is the combination of cell-free scaffolds and delayed mechanical loading and that (2) the timing of the mechanical application is crucial and dependent on the cell type inside the implanted scaffolds.

12.
Acta Biomater ; 71: 339-350, 2018 04 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29505889

RESUMO

Less than optimal particle isolation techniques have impeded analysis of orthopaedic wear debris in vivo. The purpose of this research was to develop and test an improved method for particle isolation from tissue. A volume of 0.018 mm3 of clinically relevant CoCrMo, Ti-6Al-4V or Si3N4 particles was injected into rat stifle joints for seven days of in vivo exposure. Following sacrifice, particles were located within tissues using histology. The particles were recovered by enzymatic digestion of periarticular tissue with papain and proteinase K, followed by ultracentrifugation using a sodium polytungstate density gradient. Particles were recovered from all samples, observed using SEM and the particle composition was verified using EDX, which demonstrated that all isolated particles were free from contamination. Particle size, aspect ratio and circularity were measured using image analysis software. There were no significant changes to the measured parameters of CoCrMo or Si3N4 particles before and after the recovery process (KS tests, p > 0.05). Titanium particles were too few before and after isolation to analyse statistically, though size and morphologies were similar. Overall the method demonstrated a significant improvement to current particle isolation methods from tissue in terms of sensitivity and efficacy at removal of protein, and has the potential to be used for the isolation of ultra-low wearing total joint replacement materials from periprosthetic tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research presents a novel method for the isolation of wear particles from tissue. Methodology outlined in this work would be a valuable resource for future researchers wishing to isolate particles from tissues, either as part of preclinical testing, or from explants from patients for diagnostic purposes. It is increasingly recognised that analysis of wear particles is critical to evaluating the safety of an orthopaedic device.


Assuntos
Ligas , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Articulação do Joelho/metabolismo , Prótese do Joelho/efeitos adversos , Software , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/metabolismo , Ligas/administração & dosagem , Ligas/química , Ligas/farmacocinética , Ligas/farmacologia , Animais , Artroplastia do Joelho , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/patologia
13.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 160(2): 115-122, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29386168

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to clarify how lameness and its severity in dairy cows at the time of drying off will affect the milk performance and fertility in the following lactation when treated appropriately at the time of drying off. The lameness scoring and a gait assessment took place during drying off, in the 1st week after calving, as well as 2 months after calving. Each lame cow was compared with a non-lame control cow from the same farm. The milk and fertility data of the following lactation were compared with those of the previous lactation. Most of the lameness occurred in the hind limbs and was most frequently due to digital dermatitis (Mortellaro), limax, and Rusterholz sole ulcer. The mean lameness duration after treatment was 26 days (median 16 days) and was significantly longer in case of horn lesions than in skin lesions. Recurrences most often occured in the interdigital cleft region. Lameness- free control animals were often affected by heel horn erosion and digital dermatitis. In the present study, a lameness treated at the time of dry off did not have a negative effect on fertility, but on milk yield and milk fat. Treatment could not eliminate these negative effects. However, it can be hypothesized that the negative effects on these and other parameters would have been even greater than without adequate treatment.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de cette étude était de savoir dans quelle mesure les boiteries des vaches laitières au moment du tarissement influaient sur la production laitière et la fécondité lors de la lactation suivante si elles étaient traitées au moment du tarissement. Le scoring des boiteries et une estimation de la marche avaient lieu lors du tarissement, dans la première semaine après le vêlage ainsi que deux mois plus tard. On a mis en comparaison lors de l'examen initial une vache non boiteuse de l'exploitation par rapport à chaque vache boiteuse. Par contre, on a utilisé pour la comparaison des résultats de la production laitière et la fertilité les données de la lactation précédente. Les boiteries survenaient principalement aux membres postérieurs et étaient le plus souvent causées pas une dermatite digitée, une limace ou un ulcère de Rusterholz. La durée moyenne de la boiterie après traitement était de 26 jours (médiane 16 jour) et était significativement plus élevée lors de lésions de la corne que lors de lésions cutanées. On constatait principalement des récidives lors d'affection dans l'espace interdigité. Les animaux de contrôle non-boiteux étaient souvent atteints de pourriture de la corne en talons et de dermatite digitée. Pour la première fois, on a suivi le scoring de boiterie, les affections des onglons et leur traitement chez des vaches durant la période de tarissement sur une longue durée. Une boiterie présente au moment du tarissement avait un effet négatif sur la production laitière et sur le taux de matières grasses dans la lactation qui suivait. Un traitement ne permettait pas de supprimer ces effets négatifs mais on peut admettre que ceux-ci se serait encore aggravés sans traitement de même que d'autre paramètres tel que la période de service ou le délai de mise à la reproduction.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Lactação/fisiologia , Coxeadura Animal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Bovinos , Indústria de Laticínios , Feminino , Fertilidade
14.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 160(2): 107-114, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29386167

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lameness scoring and clinical findings. The lameness scoring and a gait assessment took place during drying off, the first week after calving and two months after calving in 29 lame and 27 free of lameness cows. In between the farmer scored the lamness. Most of the lameness occurred in the hind limbs and were most frequently caused by dermatitis digitalis, Mortellaro, Limax, and Rusterholz sole ulcer. The mean duration of lameness after treatment was 26 days (median 16 days) and was significantly longer in case of horn lesions than in skin lesions (including interdigital dermatitis). Lameness- free control animals were often affected by heel horn erosion and digital dermatitis. It was shown that the sensitivity of lameness (lameness is caused by a certain aetiology) for a certain cause of lameness (dermatitis interdigitalis, doble sole, purulent hollow wall, Limax, digital dermatitis, Rusterholz sole ulcer and sole contusion) increases along with the threshold (degree of lameness) but that the specificity (no lameness is not related to a certain aetiology) remained constant at the same time. The highest sensitivity was achieved in injuries, followed by interdigital hyperplasia. The receiver operating curve (ROC) showed that lameness was the best selecting symptom in white line lesions followed by claw injury. The positive predictive values varied between 38.8% in white line lesions and 0% in Rusterholz's sole ulcer. The negative predictive values varied between 99.1% in interdigital dermatitis and 82.3% in interdigital dermatitis. The ROC analysis shows which lameness is more related to a certain claw disease. The results demonstrate, that a lameness score cannot be linked to a certain claw disease.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de la présente étude était de voir dans quelle mesure il existe une relation entre un système de scoring des boiteries et les constatations cliniques. On a utilisé un scoring de boiterie simple et une estimation de la marche chez 29 animaux boiteux et 27 animaux sains au moment du tarissement, dans la première semaine après le vêlage ainsi que deux mois après celui-ci. Entre ces examens, les boiteries ont été enregistrées par les agriculteurs. La plupart des boiteries affectaient les postérieurs et étaient le plus souvent causées pas une dermatite digitée, une limace ou un ulcère de Rusterholz. La durée moyenne de la boiterie après traitement était de 26 jours (médiane 16 jours) et était nettement plus importante lors de lésions de la corne que lors de lésions de la peau. Les animaux non-boiteux étaient souvent atteints de pourriture de la corne en talons et de dermatite digitée. On a constaté que la sensitivité de la boiterie (la boiterie parle pour une cause donnée) augmentait avec l'augmentation de la valeur limite (intensité de la boiterie) pour une cause de boiterie donnée (dermatite interdigitée, double sole, fourmilière purulente, limace, dermatite digitée, ulcère de Rusterholz, contusion de sole) et que, simultanément, la spécificité (l'absence de boiterie parle contre une certaine cause) restait constante. La sensitivité la plus élevée était observée en cas de blessures, suivies par les limaces. La surface sous la courbe ROC (receiver operating curve) montrait que la discrimination était la meilleure en cas de fourmilière purulente, suivie par les blessures d'onglon. Les valeurs prédictives positives variaient entre 38.8% pour la fourmilière purulente et 0% pour l'ulcère de Rusterholz. Les valeurs prédictives négatives variaient entre 99.1% pour la dermatite interdigitée et 82.3% pour la dermatite digitée. L'analyse ROC montre quelles boiteries sont associées le plus souvent avec certaines affections des onglons. Les résultats montrent qu'on ne peut pas, sur la base de la boiterie, déduire l'affection des onglons.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Casco e Garras/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Dermatite/patologia , Dermatite/fisiopatologia , Dermatite/veterinária , Feminino , Casco e Garras/fisiopatologia , Coxeadura Animal/patologia , Coxeadura Animal/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
15.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 26(1): 128-137, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29061495

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The experimental induction of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in sheep is established. To tap the full potential of this ovine model, one should be able to perform a femoral osteochondroplasty safely. This study was based on previous cadaver experiments on the blood supply to the ovine femoral head and on the biomechanical strength of the proximal femur following offset creation. We hypothesized that offset creation in this ovine FAI model does not lead to (1) avascular necrosis (AVN) of the ovine femoral head or (2) iatrogenic femoral neck fractures and (3) can be performed effectively. DESIGN: In this experimental, controlled, prospective study nine sheep underwent unilateral FAI induction through an intertrochanteric, varus osteotomy. Seventy days following FAI induction, femoral osteochondroplasty was performed. Sheep were sacrificed after another 140 days. Radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scans and MRI were acquired. Histologic samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. (1) The multimodal Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) classification was used for assessment of AVN. (2) Femoral neck fractures were assessed with the multimodal imaging approach. (3) Pre- and postoperative (=after sacrifice) alpha angles and femoral neck diameters were compared. RESULTS: (1) No signs for AVN according to the ARCO classification or (2) for femoral neck fractures were detected. (3) Mean alpha angles and femoral neck diameters decreased significantly (p < 0.001) superiorly by at least 30° respectively 4 mm after the offset creation. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral osteochondroplasty can be performed effectively and without the risk of AVN or femoral neck fractures in this ovine FAI model.


Assuntos
Impacto Femoroacetabular/cirurgia , Fraturas do Colo Femoral/etiologia , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/etiologia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Projetos Piloto , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ovinos
16.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 159(6): 327-334, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28593866

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this retrospective study was to document secondary wound healing and outcome in 20 cattle that had undergone digit amputation at the level of the distal metaphysis of the first phalanx between April 2009 and June 2015. The surgical technique for amputation was simple and fast, and granulation tissue covered the stump of the first phalanx 9 to 30 days postoperatively. Complications associated with wound healing were seen in 7 animals and in 3, a second surgery was required; all 20 cattle were discharged from the clinic. Epithelial closure was complete after a mean of 3 months (range, 2 to 7 months). The mean postoperative survival time was 15 months (range, 1 to 34 months), and 6 animals were still alive at the time of follow-up inquiry. Wound healing and long-term outcome did not differ between cattle that had undergone a more intensive aftercare regime than those with a less intensive postoperative treatment.


INTRODUCTION: Les dossiers médicaux de 20 bovins ayant subi une amputation ouverte du doigt au niveau de la première phalange, entre avril 2009 et juin 2015, ont été rétrospectivement évalués du point de vue de la cicatrisation et des résultats à long terme. Toutes les opérations se sont déroulées de manière simple et rapide. Le moignon s'est recouvert de tissu de granulation après 9 à 30 jours. 7 animaux ont eu des problèmes de cicatrisation, 3 pour lesquels il a fallu ré-intervenir, cependant tous ont pu être renvoyés dans leur exploitation. L'épithélialisation a nécessité en moyenne 3 mois (de 2 à 7 mois). La durée d'utilisation après l'opération a été de 15 mois en moyenne (1­34 mois) et, au moment de l'étude, 6 bovins étaient encore en vie. Au niveau de la guérison et des résultats à long terme, aucune différence n'a été observée entre des soins post-opératoires plus ou moins intensifs.


Assuntos
Amputação Cirúrgica/veterinária , Bovinos/cirurgia , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/cirurgia , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Amputação Cirúrgica/métodos , Amputação Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Animais , Seguimentos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Estudos Retrospectivos
17.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 159(2): 101-108, 2017 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28174144

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Eating and rumination behaviour in 22 cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis was recorded after the start of treatment. Based on the results of clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations, the cows were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of 12 cows without an intramural or perforating foreign body and group B had 10 cows with an intramural or perforating foreign body. Cows of group A received amoxicillin, flunixin meglumine and a NaCl-glucose infusion, and cows of group B received the same treatment accompanied by foreign body removal via ruminotomy. All cows were fitted with a horse halter equipped with a pressure sensor integrated into the noseband, and eating and rumination activities were recorded continuously for 7 days. Additional 24-hour- recording periods occurred on days 14 and 30. Results obtained previously from 300 healthy cows were used for comparison. Median daily eating time in group A was 168 minutes (reference interval 211 to 319 min) on day 1 and increased to within the reference interval by day 3. Eating time on day 14 was 290 minutes and significantly longer than on day 1. Eating time was 294 minutes on day 30. Eating time in group B was comparable, and the patterns of normalisation for the number of chewing cycles related to eating, rumination time, the number of regurgitated cuds per day and the number of chewing cycles per cud were similar to that of group A: all variables were significantly reduced on day 1 and normalised within 3 to 5 days. The findings showed that eating and rumination are reduced in cows with traumatic reticuloperitonitis and that successful treatment results in rapid normalisation. Monitoring eating and rumination behaviour using a pressure sensor integrated into a halter allows objective clinical assessment of cows recovering from traumatic reticuloperitonitis.


Dans le présent travail, on a étudié les paramètres d'alimentation et de rumination de vaches souffrant de réticulo- péritonite traumatique après traitement. Vingtdeux vaches souffrant de réticulo-péritonite traumatique ont été, sur la base des examens cliniques, échographiques et radiologiques, réparties en deux groupes. Le groupe A comprenant les vaches sans corps étranger implanté dans le bonnet, le groupe B les vaches ayant un corps étranger implanté ou perforant le bonnet. Les vaches du groupe A ont reçu uniquement un traitement médicamenteux (amoxicilline, flunixine meglumine, perfusions de NaCl-glucose). Chez les vaches du groupe B, une ruminotmie a en outre été réalisée pour retirer le corps étranger. Par la suite, les vaches ont été équipées d'un licol comprenant un capteur de pression dans la muserolle qui permettait d'enregistrer la prise d'aliments et la rumination. Les mesures ont tout d'abord été faites durant 7 jours puis des enregistrements sur 24 heures ont été réalisés aux jours 14 et 30. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux de 300 vaches en bonne santé. Chez les vaches du groupe A, la durée d'alimentation (valeur moyenne) était, au jour 1, avec 168 minutes, inférieure aux valeurs de référence situées entre 211 et 319 minutes enregistrées chez les vaches en bonne santé. Elle augmentait jusqu'au jour 3 pour atteindre la norme. Le 14ème jour, la durée d'alimentation, avec 290 minutes, était pour la première fois significativement plus longue qu'au jour 1. Une nouvelle augmentation à 294 minutes se produisait jusqu'au jour 30. On a relevé des données semblables chez les vaches du groupe B. Le nombre de mastications lors de la prise de nourriture, la durée journalière de rumination, le nombre de boli de rumination par jour et le nombre de mastication par bolus montraient une image semblable: ces paramètres étaient nettement abaissés au jour 1 par rapport aux valeurs normales et se normalisaient dans les 3 à 5 jours. Ces études montrent que les paramètres d'alimentation et de rumination chez les vaches souffrant de réticulo-péritonite traumatique sont abaissés et qu'ils se normalisent en peu de jours lors d'un traitement couronné de succès. Le contrôle de l'alimentation et de la rumination avec licol muni d'un capteur de pression permet donc d'objectiver l'évolution chez les vaches atteintes de réticulo-péritonite traumatique.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Corpos Estranhos/veterinária , Peritonite/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Feminino , Corpos Estranhos/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpos Estranhos/fisiopatologia , Monitorização Fisiológica , Peritonite/diagnóstico por imagem , Peritonite/fisiopatologia
18.
Anat Histol Embryol ; 45(6): 463-468, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26706956

RESUMO

The digital skeleton of the hindlimbs was evaluated radiographically in 27 standing Brown Swiss heifers. The lateral digital skeleton was significantly longer than its medial counterpart on both a hard (wooden block) and a softer (wooden block covered with a thin rubber mat) surface. There were no significant differences between lengths measured on the hard and the soft surface. The difference between the length of the lateral and medial digits originated at the level of the condyles and increased with P1 and P2. It was partially compensated by a higher third phalanx (P3) in the medial digit, but this did not offset the overall length difference. The findings of this study confirmed that the length asymmetry of the paired digits of cattle documented previously in post-mortem specimens is also present in living cattle. Further investigation is required to determine the clinical relevance of the length asymmetry of the digital skeleton in cattle.


Assuntos
Membro Posterior/anatomia & histologia , Membro Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Casco e Garras/anatomia & histologia , Casco e Garras/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia/veterinária , Animais , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/anatomia & histologia , Feminino
19.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26526735

RESUMO

A 250-kg heifer had signs of colic attributable to urolithiasis of the right kidney. Medical treatment did not result in resolution of clinical signs, and nephrectomy was carried out. The surgery was started with the heifer standing, and the 13th rib was resected. However, during blunt dissection of the kidney, air suddenly entered the pleural space and the heifer had acute severe dyspnoea. The hole in the pleural cavity was sutured and a chest drain was placed. Inhalation anaesthesia was then induced and nephrectomy could be completed without further complications. The heifer was discharged 11 days postoperatively, and was healthy and had been integrated into the herd 12 months after surgery. Pneumothorax must be considered a possible complication of rib resection in right-sided nephrectomy in cattle.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Nefrectomia/veterinária , Pneumotórax/veterinária , Urolitíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Tubos Torácicos/veterinária , Feminino , Complicações Intraoperatórias/etiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/veterinária , Nefrectomia/efeitos adversos , Pneumotórax/etiologia , Pneumotórax/cirurgia , Urolitíase/cirurgia
20.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25948042

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the disparity between the lengths of the lateral and medial digit in cows with a Rusterholz sole ulcer compared to non-affected cows was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In total, 100 hind feet were collected from slaughtered cows. Twenty-five feet had a pre-ulcerative lesion at the typical site, 26 had an ulcer < 1 cm² and 24 had an ulcer > 1.5 cm². Twenty-five normal feet were used as controls. The lengths of the metatarsal condyles and phalanges (Ph) were measured on plantarodorsal radiographs and three different overall lengths of the digits were generated. The software program SPSS was used for analysis. RESULTS: The mean lengths of Ph1 and Ph2 and the three mean overall lengths of the lateral digit were greater than those of the medial digit while the length of Ph3 was longer on the medial digit. With one exception, the comparison of overall length 2 of the pre-ulcerative lesion with the control group, the within-feet differences of the ulcer groups were not significantly different from the difference of the controls. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results corroborate the length asymmetry of the bovine digits but further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of the asymmetry of the digits on the development of sole ulcers.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Casco e Garras/patologia , Ossos do Metatarso/patologia , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/patologia , Úlcera/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Casco e Garras/anatomia & histologia , Ossos do Metatarso/anatomia & histologia , Falanges dos Dedos do Pé/anatomia & histologia , Úlcera/patologia
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