Assuntos
COVID-19 , Dermatologia , Telemedicina , Hospitais , Humanos , Pandemias , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
Gynecomastia is a common finding that is present in up to 57% of men. It is caused by proliferation of the mammary glands, which leads to the development of dense subareolar tissue. The condition results from both physiologic (eg, hypogonadism, altered estrogen-to-androgen ratio) and nonphysiologic (eg, drugs, herbal products) causes. Most cases are benign and resolve spontaneously. Treatment is usually unnecessary, although there are specific signs and symptoms that warrant further workup. Psychosocial effects also are of concern, particularly among adolescents. Knowledge of the possible causes of gynecomastia and a thoughtful approach to the patient presenting with this condition can lead to improved outcomes and patient satisfaction. This concise review of the common presentation, etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment of gynecomastia should aid healthcare professionals who may encounter these patients in their practices.
Assuntos
Mama/patologia , Ginecomastia , Ginecomastia/diagnóstico , Ginecomastia/etiologia , Ginecomastia/terapia , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/complicações , Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Orelha Externa/efeitos dos fármacos , Levamisol/efeitos adversos , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Púrpura/induzido quimicamente , Vasculite/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic recurrent disease of childhood. The therapeutics of AD needs to be more tailored given the new cytokine antibodies available. In this scenario we considered interleukin 1 beta (IL-1ß) levels before and after therapy with topical corticosteroids. OBJECTIVES: To measure the IL-1ß levels before and after treatment in patients with AD after 75% improvement in scoring for atopic dermatitis index. METHODS: Forty-five subjects with AD were treated with betamethasone ointment and their IL-1ß level was measured prior to and following treatment. RESULTS: The IL-1ß levels were raised during disease activity and following improvement they decreased in a statistically significant manner. Also the IL-1ß levels corresponded with the severity of disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Newer modalities of therapy in the form of cytokine monoclonal antibodies should be studied in a larger scale in AD.
