RESUMO
Eosinophils like many myeloid innate immune cells can provide cytokines and chemokines for the activation of other immune cells upon TLR stimulation. When TLR-stimulated eosinophils were inoculated i.p. into wild-type mice, and NK cells were rapidly recruited and exhibited antitumour cytotoxicity. However, when mice depleted of CD11c+ cells were used, a marked decrease in the number of recruited NK cells was observed. We postulated that CpG or LPS from the injected eosinophils could be transferred to host cells, which in turn could recruit NK cells. However, by inoculating mice deficient in TLR4 or TLR9 with LPS or CpG-stimulated eosinophils respectively, NK cell recruitment was still observed alongside cytotoxicity and IFNγ production. CpG stimulation of eosinophils produced the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the chemokine CXCL10, which are important for NK cell activation and recruitment in vivo. To demonstrate the importance of CXCL10 in NK cell recruitment, we found that CpG-stimulated eosinophils pretreated with the gut microbial metabolite butyrate had reduced expression and production of CXCL10 and IL-12 and concomitantly were poor at recruitment of NK cells and inducing IFNγ in NK cells. Therefore, eosinophils like other innate immune cells of myeloid origin can conceivably stimulate NK cell activity. In addition, products of the gut microbiota can be potential inhibitors of NK cell.
Assuntos
Eosinófilos/imunologia , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor Toll-Like 9/imunologia , Transferência Adotiva/métodos , Animais , Antígeno CD11c/imunologia , Antígeno CD11c/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimiocina CXCL10/imunologia , Quimiocina CXCL10/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Eosinófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Citometria de Fluxo , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interleucina-12/imunologia , Interleucina-12/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Células Mieloides/imunologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/imunologia , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/farmacologia , Peritônio/efeitos dos fármacos , Peritônio/imunologia , Peritônio/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 9/genéticaRESUMO
The kinetics and mechanism of the desorption of mineral clay particles originally adsorbed to a phospholipid monolayer has been studied. The desorption was induced by the injection of citric acid solution into the aqueous subphase. To follow the related kinetic processes, grazing incidence diffuse X-ray scattering out of the specular plane (GIXOS) was used with a remarkable time resolution of the order of one minute. From the variations of the electron density profile normal to the surface, the Langmuir desorption isotherm and the related kinetic constants were determined.
