RESUMO
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) oversight of human gene transfer research, which is defined as the deliberate transfer of recombinant and/or synthetic nucleic acid molecules to humans, originates with the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules (NIH Guidelines). The NIH Guidelines, which were first published in the Federal Register almost 40 years ago, have been amended numerous times to remain responsive to scientific progress and to clearly define the responsibilities of NIH, the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC), investigators, and institutions. Human gene transfer trials conducted at clinical sites in the United States (USA) are subject to the NIH Guidelines if they are conducted at, or sponsored by, an institution that receives any support for recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid research from the NIH. Human gene transfer trials conducted either in the USA or abroad are also subject to the NIH Guidelines if the investigational agent was developed with NIH funds and the institution that developed the investigational materials sponsors or participates in these projects. Trials are registered with the NIH Office Biotechnology Activities (OBA) and there are ongoing reporting requirements. Each new trial is reviewed by the RAC, and those that are novel or raise unique ethical or social issues are selected for review at quarterly public RAC meetings. The RAC also advises the NIH on policy and other matters relating to clinical gene transfer research and biosafety.
Assuntos
DNA Recombinante/uso terapêutico , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes/legislação & jurisprudência , Terapia Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Vetores Genéticos/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/legislação & jurisprudência , Animais , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Genética/ética , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/ética , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido/legislação & jurisprudência , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Segurança do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Projetos de Pesquisa , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica/ética , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Recently, the gene therapy field has begun to experience clinical successes in a number of different diseases using various approaches and vectors. The workshop Gene Therapy: Charting a Future Course, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Biotechnology Activities, brought together early and mid-career researchers to discuss the key scientific challenges and opportunities, ethical and communication issues, and NIH and foundation resources available to facilitate further clinical advances.
Assuntos
Terapia Genética/ética , Animais , Educação Continuada , Pesquisa em Genética , Terapia Genética/economia , Terapia Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Vetores Genéticos , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Pesquisa com Células-Tronco , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transdução Genética , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Gene therapy has shown clinical efficacy for several rare diseases, using different approaches and vectors. The Gene Therapy for Rare Diseases workshop, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Biotechnology Activities and Office of Rare Diseases Research, brought together investigators from different disciplines to discuss the challenges and opportunities for advancing the field including means for enhancing data sharing for preclinical and clinical studies, development and utilization of available NIH resources, and interactions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Assuntos
Doenças Raras/genética , Doenças Raras/terapia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Genética , Humanos , National Institutes of Health (U.S.) , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationAssuntos
Terapia Genética , Vetores Genéticos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Retroviridae/genética , Técnicas de Transferência de Genes , Terapia Genética/efeitos adversos , Terapia Genética/ética , Terapia Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Vetores Genéticos/efeitos adversos , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Humanos , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
In response to public and scientific concerns regarding human gene transfer research, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) developed a transparent oversight system that extends to human gene transfer protocols that are either conducted with NIH funding or conducted at institutions that receive NIH funding for recombinant DNA research. The NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) has been the primary advisory body to NIH regarding the conduct of this research. Human gene transfer research proposals that are subject to the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules (NIH Guidelines) must be submitted to the NIH Office of Biotechnology Activities (OBA), and protocols that raise novel scientific, safety, medical, ethical, or social issues are publicly discussed at the RAC's quarterly public meetings. OBA also convenes gene transfer safety symposia and policy conferences to provide a public forum for scientific experts to discuss emerging issues in the field. This transparent system of review promotes the rapid exchange of important scientific information and dissemination of data. The goal is to optimize the conduct of individual research protocols and to advance gene transfer research generally. This process has fostered the development of retroviral, lentiviral, and adeno-associated viral vector mediated gene delivery.
