RESUMO
Composition of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in raw milk and home-made milk products has been analyzed using real-time PCR (quantitative PCR) with genus-specific primers to Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. Bacteria belonging to these genera have been revealed in all samples analyzed (milk, sour cream, cottage cheese). It has been shown that the representatives of Enterococcus and Lactobacillus genera dominated in the samples analyzed (10(3)-10(7) genome equivalent/ml (mg)). The largest number of these microorganisms (10(7) genome equivalent/mg) has been detected in cottage cheese.
Assuntos
Bifidobacterium/genética , Queijo/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Enterococcus/genética , Lactobacillus/genética , Leite/microbiologia , Animais , Bifidobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Calibragem , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Primers do DNA/genética , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodosRESUMO
Investigations of the genetic structure of internal noncoding transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA of five Trichogramma species - T. pintoi Voeg., T. evanescens Westw., T. dendrolimi Mats., T. cacoeciae Meyer. and T. sembidis Auriv. were carried out. The performed PCR-analyses with the following nucleotide sequence determi- nation of ITS2 regions allowed to reveal essential interspecific distinctions. The data can be used for T. pintoi, T. dendrolimi and T. sembidis species identification.
Assuntos
DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Vespas/genética , Animais , Primers do DNA , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/química , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
A diagnostic kit for detection of avian influenza virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction was developed. This kit allows to identify the influenza viruses type A and highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus H5N1. The diagnostic kit is universal and adopted for ABI PRISM SDS (Applied Biosystems), RotorGene (Corbett Research) and iQCycler (BioRad) PCR machines.
Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Aves , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/genética , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/isolamento & purificação , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/patogenicidade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Viral/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , VirulênciaRESUMO
Comparative analysis of genetic structure of two groups of Red Polish cattle, which reproduce in Poland and Ukraine, was made. Six molecular-genetic markers (kappa-casein, beta-lactoglobulin, leptin, myostatin, growth hormone, and pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-I) were tested by PCR-RFLP. No significant differences between the considered intrabreed groups were found. High frequency of some alleles (Csn kappa B, Blg B, and Gh L) related to the important productivity traits were observed. The rare alleles in some genes were revealed. The obtained results are evidence of the unique characteristics of the investigated breed.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Variação Genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Marcadores Genéticos , Polônia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Mapeamento por Restrição , UcrâniaRESUMO
Analysis of 6 cattle breeds (5 local Ukrainian breeds and the Holstain breed) on the 9 polymorphous molecular-genetic markers (transferrin, ceruloplasmin, amylase-1, posttransferrin, receptor to vitamin D, haemoglobin, leptin, kapa-casein) was carried out. The rare allele of transferrin was revealed in two local breeds and the rare allele of leptin--in two another local breeds. Associations between syntenic loci (transferrin, ceruloplasmin, kappa-casein, receptor to vitamin D) were observed only in the local breeds but not in the Holstain one. Locus-specific conservation of the ancestor allelic variants in the local breeds and effect of selection on interloci associations are discussed.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Alelos , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Bovinos/sangue , Marcadores Genéticos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Polimorfismo Genético , Especificidade da Espécie , UcrâniaRESUMO
Analysis of albumin, transferrin, receptor to vitamin D, esterase, alpha 1-beta glycoprotein polymorphisms in Przhewalski's horse, Orlov's and Russian trotters, Guzul and Yakutian domestic horse breeds was carried out. The data about similarity of intraspecies differentiation of Przewalski's horse's populations and interbreed distinctions were obtained. Locus-specific particularities of genetic structures of investigated animal groups were revealed.
Assuntos
Cavalos/genética , Alelos , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Cruzamento , Frequência do Gene/genética , Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Heterozigoto , Cavalos/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Federação Russa , Especificidade da Espécie , UcrâniaRESUMO
A comparative analysis of phenotypical characteristics, the polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens and genetic-biochemical systems in the groups of Ukrainian Grey cattle, bred in Ukraine and Russia was carried out in different years. Data have been obtained on peculiarities of genetic structure of Ukrainian Grey cattle and on certain breed distinctions in the space and time.
Assuntos
Cruzamento , Bovinos/genética , Animais , Antígenos/sangue , Antígenos/genética , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Bovinos/sangue , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Eritrócitos/química , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Federação Russa , UcrâniaRESUMO
The results of selection of primers and amplification of fragments of provirus genes Gag and Env of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in artificially infected cell line and in cattle leukocytes are presented. The distinctions between diagnoses of BLV infected animals by the testing their blood for antibodies to viral antigens and by the presence of provirus genes in DNA of their leukocytes were revealed.
Assuntos
Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/diagnóstico , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/genética , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Sequência de Bases , Bovinos , Primers do DNA , DNA Viral/genética , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina/virologia , Genes Virais , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/imunologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Provírus/genéticaRESUMO
The results of analysis of interloci associations between two pairs of syntenic loci (transferrin and ceruloplasmin, receptor for vitamin D and kappa-casein) and two non-syntenic ones (amylase-1 and post-transferrin 2) in two cattle groups of Red Steppe breed (infected and uninfected by bovine leukosis virus) and in two groups of Black-and-White Holsteins (from relatively "pure" zone and from the 10 km zone of Chernobyl NPP) were presented. It is found that "linkage disequilibrium" between loci is observed independent of their synteny. The data obtained allowed the authors to suppose, that the interloci associations are rather controlled by different factors of artificial and natural selection than by the genetic linkages between genes.