Studies of toxicity of dermally-absorbed nurelle D 550 EC preparations.

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the toxic effect of a two-component, preparation Nurelle D 550 EC (500 g of chlorpyrifos and 50 g cypermethrin per 1 l), administrated dermally. Toxicity was evaluated from histological and ultrastructural studies of the internal organs and immunotoxic effects (evaluation of phagocytical and bactericidal activity of neutrophils). The preparation for dermal application was applied in 2 concentrations (200 mg/kg/day of chlorpyrifos plus 20 mg/kg/day of cypermethrin or 1000 mg/kg/day of chlorpyrifos, plus 100 mg/kg/day of cypermethrin). The preparation was administrated on the tail skin of female Wistar rats for 4 hours daily for a period of 4 weeks. After 28 days of the experiment, the animals were anaesthetised and blood was taken from the heart to evaluate the granulocyte system. The following organs were taken for histological studies: liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes. Ultrastructural studies were carried out on the lung, liver, kidney and heart. The results of the study showed that dermal application of the pesticide Nurelle D 550 EC resulted in slight morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver, kidney, lung and heart. The preparation examined slightly elevated the bactericidal activity of neutrophils. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. The phagocytic reaction in animals of both experimental groups did not differ from that observed in control group

Toxicity of dermally absorbed dichlorvos in rats.

Toxicity of dermally absorbed dichlorvos was studied in rats, based on its effects on internal organs, and on phagocytic and bactericidal activity of the neutrophile system. The studies were conducted on 30 female rats of Wistar strain. The animals were divided into three groups, two of which were experimentally exposed to dermal absorption of dichlorvos (37.5 mg/kg - 1/2 LD50; or 7.5 mg/kg - 1/10 LD50;), and one control group which was exposed to dermal absorption of the solvent. The animals were exposed to dermal absorption for 4 hours daily for a period of 4 weeks. After 28 days, the rats were anaesthetized, blood was drawn from the heart to evaluate the activity of the neutrophilic system, and the internal organs excised for histological and ultrastructural studies. Dermally absorbed dichlorvos caused histopathological changes in lungs, lymphatic glands and thymus, as well as histopathological and ultrastructural changes in liver, kidneys and heart muscle. Dichlorvos stimulated the bactericidal and phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

Toxicity of dermally applied alpha-cypermethrin in rats.

The aim of the study was to assess the immunotoxic effect of dermally applied alpha-cypermethrin in rats based on phagocytic and bactericidal activity of neutrophils of peripheral blood, and the general toxic effect based on histological and ultrastructural examination of internal organs. The preparation was dermally applied in doses of 50 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg. It was administered to the tail skin of female Wistar rats, 4 hours daily for 28 days. After the experiment, the animals were anaesthetized and heart blood was taken in order to evaluate the activity of granulocyte system. The following organs were taken for histological examinations: brain, lung, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, thymus and lymphatic nodes. Lung, liver, kidney and heart were used for ultrastructural studies. The results of the study showed that bactericidal and phagocytic activity of neutrophils was stimulated after administration of 50 mg/kg alpha-cypermethrin. Dermal application of the preparation resulted in slight histological changes in liver, kidney, lung and brain. Pathological changes in heart were observed only on the level of ultrastructure.

[Ultrastructure of epithelial cells of rat seminal vesicles in the period of functional transformation and puberty]. / Ultrastruktura komórek nablonkowych pecherzyków nasiennych szczurów w okresie przeksztalcen czynnosciowych i dojrzewania plciowego.

It was found that the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of the rat seminal vesicles changes during the period of puberty. The changes consist in formation of the cell organelles that participate in the production of secretion and in differentiation of the epithelial cells into the secretory and basal cells. The complementary biochemical studies indicate the close relationship between the formation of the typical ultrastructure of the secretory glandular cells of seminal vesicles and the presence of fructose in the secretion of these glandular cells.

Ultrastructure of the epithelium of the seminal vesicles after the application of the preparation stimulating the secretory function of the prostate gland.

In the electron microscopic picture of the seminal vesicles in rats some changes within Golgi apparatus and within vesicles of secreta were found after the application of preparation stimulating the secretory function of prostate an not being a hormone from the group of androgens. Hyperplasia of Golgi structures and changes of its localization in the cell as well as the increase in number and capacity of vesicles of secreta give evidence of the intensified secretory processes taking place in the cells of seminal vesicles.

Observations under the electron microscope on the localization of phosphatases in epithelial cells of Cowper's glands in rats.

The positive results of the reactions for alkaline and acid phosphatases were obtained in epithelial cells of Cowper's glands in rats. Observations under the electron microscope allowed us to state that alkaline phosphatase was localized in the cell's areola, in membranes of smooth intraplasmic reticulum and in the basement membrane of the epithelium. The acid phosphatase was seen in primary lysosomes as well as in the secondary ones, which are seldom seen on unincubated specimens.