Bacillus thuringiensis Bt_UNVM-84, a Novel Strain Showing Insecticidal Activity against Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive bacterium known for its insecticidal proteins effective against various insect pests. However, limited strains and proteins target coleopteran pests like Anthonomous grandis Boheman, causing substantial economic losses in the cotton industry. This study focuses on characterizing a Bacillus sp. strain, isolated from Oncativo (Argentina), which exhibits ovoid to amorphous parasporal crystals and was designated Bt_UNVM-84. Its genome encodes genes for the production of two pairs of binary Vpb1/Vpa2 proteins and three Cry-like proteins showing similarity with different Cry8 proteins. Interestingly, this gene content was found to be conserved in a previously characterized Argentine isolate of B. thuringiensis designated INTA Fr7-4. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a major band of 130 kDa that is proteolytically processed to an approximately 66-kDa protein fragment by trypsin. Bioassays performed with spore-crystal mixtures demonstrated an interesting insecticidal activity against the cotton boll weevil A. grandis neonate larvae, resulting in 91% mortality. Strain Bt_UNVM-84 is, therefore, an interesting candidate for the efficient biological control of this species, causing significant economic losses in the cotton industry in the Americas.

Field-evolved resistance to Bt maize in sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Maize technologies expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins are widely used in Argentina to control sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius). Unexpected D. saccharalis damage was observed to Bt maize events TC1507 (expressing Cry1F) and MON 89034 × MON 88017 (expressing Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2) in an isolated area of San Luis Province. Diatraea saccharalis larvae were sampled from MON 89034 × MON 88017 fields in the area to generate a resistant strain (RR), which was subsequently characterized in plant and diet bioassays. RESULTS: Survivorship of the RR strain was high on TC1507 leaf tissue, intermediate on MON 89034 × MON 88017, and low on MON 810 (expressing Cry1Ab). The RR strain had high resistance to Cry1A.105 (186.74-fold) and no resistance to Cry2Ab2 in diet bioassays. These results indicate resistance to Cry1F and Cry1A.105 (and likely cross-resistance between them) but not to Cry1Ab or Cry2Ab2. Resistance to MON 89034 × MON 88017 was functionally recessive. Reviews of grower records suggest that resistance initially evolved to Cry1F, conferring cross-resistance to Cry1A.105, with low refuge compliance as the primary cause. A mitigation plan was implemented in San Luis that included technology rotation, field monitoring, and grower education on best management practices (BMPs) including refuges. CONCLUSION: In the affected area, the resistance to Cry1F and Cry1A.105 is being managed effectively through use of MON 89034 × MON 88017 and MON 810 in combination with BMPs, and no spread of resistance to other regions has been observed. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

La vía aérea pediátrica: algunos conceptos para tener en cuenta en el manejo anestésico / The pediatric airway: Concepts to bear in mind during anesthetic management

Introducción: Uno de los aspectos de mayor relevancia en anestesiología pediátrica es el manejo de la vía aérea (VA). Las diferencias anatómicas de esta población hacen que sea más susceptible a efectos adversos de dispositivos diseñados para su manejo. Muchas de las descripciones anatómicas actuales se basan en hallazgos de hace más de medio siglo derivados de disecciones en cadáveres. Desde hace casi una década hay estudios de imágenes de VA en niños que identifican la glotis como la porción más angosta, y la laringe más cilíndrica que cónica. Estos hallazgos tienen impacto al escoger dispositivos de manejo de VA. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de nuevos conceptos anatómicos de VA pediátrica y se analizaron pros y contras del uso de tubos endotraqueales con y sin balón. Resultados y conclusiones: El mayor conocimiento de la anatomía pediátrica permite usar dispositivos acordes a las características de la VA del niño. El desarrollo de tubos con balón en la práctica pediátrica es más frecuente, aunque no hay consenso actual para su utilización. En lo que concuerdan las publicaciones es en estandarizar diseños y medir la presión del balón.

Introduction: One of the primary aspects of pediatric anesthesia is airway management. Because of the anatomic differences, this population is more vulnerable to adverse effects produced by the devices designed for their management. Many of the anatomic descriptions are based on knowledge developed mainly as a result of cadaveric dissections. Imaging of the pediatric airway has been available for almost a decade, and it has shown that the glottis is the narrowest portion and that the larynx is more cylindrical than tapered. These findings impact the selection of airway management devices. Methods:The new anatomic concepts pertaining to the pediatric airway were reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of cuffed or uncuffed endotracheal tubes were analyzed. Results and conclusions: The enhanced knowledge of the pediatric anatomy permits the use of devices suitable to the characteristics of the individual airway. The development of cuffed tubes for pediatric practice is advancing rapidly, although there is no current consensus for their use. However, publications coincide on the need to standardize designs and to measure cuff pressure.

The ochodaeidae of Argentina (coleoptera, scarabaeoidea).

The Ochodaeidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Argentina are revised. Previously, two species of Ochodaeinae were known from the country, both in the genus Parochodaeus Nikolajev: Parochodaeus campsognathus (Arrow) and Parochodaeus cornutus (Ohaus). An additional 7 species of Parochodaeus from Argentina are described here as new. In addition, Gauchodaeus patagonicus, new genus and new species in the subfamilyChaetocanthinae, is described. This is the first record of the subfamily Chaetocanthinae in South America. Redescriptions, diagnoses, and maps are provided for each species. We also provide a key to genera and a key to species of Parochodaeus of Argentina. With this work, the number of ochodaeid species known from Argentina is increased from 2 to 10.

Synopsis of the Argentinian scarab genus Pseudogeniates Ohaus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae).

The scarab beetle genus Pseudogeniates Ohaus (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) is endemic to Argentina. The genus includes three species: Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Soula, Pseudogeniates intermedius Ohaus, and Pseudogeniates richterianus Ohaus. We characterize the genus, provide a key to species, redescribe and diagnose each species, provide spatial and temporal distributions, and discuss distributions of the species in relation to eco-regions and areas of endemism in Argentina.

ResumenEl género de escarabajo Pseudogeniates Ohaus (Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini) es endémico de Argentina. El género incluye tres especies: Pseudogeniates cordobaensis Soula, Pseudogeniates intermedius Ohaus, y Pseudogeniates richterianus Ohaus. En este trabajo caracterizamos el género, proveemos una clave para las especies, redescribimos y proveemos diagnosis para cada una de ellas y datos de su distribución temporal y espacial y discutimos aspectos de las distribuciónes de las especies en relación de las regiones eco-regiones y áreas de endemismo en Argentina.

The South American dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini).

The South American endemic dung beetle genus Ennearabdus Lansberge is revised. Description, diagnosis and illustrations are presented for the only known species of the genus, E. lobocephalus (Harold). A lectotype is designated for Onthophagus lobocephalus Harold, the type species of Ennearabdus. The biology, biogeography, conservation status, and distribution based on the predictive distribution model of E. lobocephalus are also discussed.

Seguridad y efectividad de la máscara laríngea en amigdalectomía yadenoidectomía: una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Security and effectiveness of the laryngeal mask airway in the tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy: A systematic review of literature

Introducción: la máscara laríngea es un dispositivo médico que debe emplearse con indicaciones y contraindicaciones precisas. Su uso en amigdalectomía y adenoidectomía ha sido reportado en la literatura generando controversias en el medio. Con el presente estudio se pretende evaluar su efectividad y su seguridad en las cirugías deamigdalectomía y adenoidectomía. Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura. Resultados: como resultado de la búsqueda sistemática de la evidencia publicada se obtuvieron 16 estudios que se analizaron con rigor metodológico obteniendo los siguientes resultados: la máscara laríngea flexible provoca menos efectos adversos respiratorios durante la inducción y la emergencia de anestesia que el tubo endotraqueal; es efectiva en prevenir la bronco-aspiración sanguíneaintraoperatoria; debe ser utilizada por personal entrenado y en colaboración con el cirujano, para evitar eventos adversos como el desplazamiento, la obstrucción o la ocupación del campo operatorio. Conclusión: la máscara laríngea flexible es una alternativa útil y segura para el manejo de la vía aérea en cirugías de amigdalectomía yadenoidectomía por sus ventajas en la inducción y emergencia de la cirugía, ya que desencadena menos reflejos protectores de vía aérea en estos momentos. Para evitar complicaciones intraoperatorias debe haber experiencia en su uso y empatía entre el grupo quirúrgico y anestesiológico.

Background: The laryngeal mask airway is a medical device that must be used with precise indications and contraindications. Its use in tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies has been reported to generate controversy. Through the present study an attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness and the security of the laryngeal mask airway in tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies. Methods: A systematic review. Results: 16 studies were obtained as a result of the systematic search of the published evidence. They were analyzed with methodological rigor and the following results were obtained: The flexible laryngeal mask airway brings about fewer respiratory adverse effects during the induction and the emergence of anesthesia than the endotracheal tube. It is effective in preventing sanguineous bronchoaspiration during surgery. Furthermore, it must be used by trained personnel and in collaboration with the surgeon to avoid adverse events like displacement, obstruction or occupation of the operating field. Conclusions: the flexible laryngeal mask airway is a useful and safe alternative for the handling of the airways in tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies by its advantages in the induction and emergence of surgery since it triggers less protective reflections of the airway at the moment. In order to avoid intraoperating complications one must have experience in its use plus empathy must exist between the surgical team and the anesthesiologist.

A revision of the Argentinean endemic genus Eucranium Brullé (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with description of one new species and new synonymies.

The South American genus Eucranium Brullé has been revised and now includes six species: E. arachnoides Brullé, E. belenae Ocampo new species, E. cyclosoma Burmeister, E. dentifrons Guérin-Méneville, E. planicolle Burmeister, and E. simplicifrons Fairmaire. Eucranium pulvinatum Burmeister is a new junior synonym of Eucranium arachnoides Brullé, and Eucranium lepidum Burmeister is a new junior synonym of E. dentifrons Guérin-Méneville. The following lectotypes and neotypes are designated: Eucranium pulvinatum Burmeister, lectotype; Eucranium planicolle Burmeister, lectotype; Psammotrupes dentifrons Guérin-Méneville, neotype; and Eucranium lepidum Burmeister, neotype. Description of the genus and new species, diagnosis and illustrations, and distribution maps are provided for all species. A key to the species of this genus is provided, and the biology and conservation status of the species are discussed.

A revision of the neotropical genus Anahi Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) with the description of two new species.

The southern Neotropical genus Anahi Martínez is comprehensively revised and now includes three species: A. dentata Ocampo Ruiz-Manzanos new species, A. guaraniticus Martínez, and A. oblivia Ocampo Ruiz-Manzanos new species. The new species extend the distribution of the genus from Paraguay and Bolivia to Argentina. A. guaraniticus is redescribed and the characters that define the genus are extended to include A. dentata and A. oblivia. Descriptions, diagnosis illustrations, distribution maps and a key to all species of the genus are provided. The biogeography of the genus and its systematic placement within Melolonthinae are here discussed.

A revision of the neotropical genus Anahi Martínez (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) with the description of two new species

The southern Neotropical genus Anahi Martínez is comprehensively revised and now includes three species: A. dentata Ocampo & Ruiz-Manzanos new species, A. guaraniticus Martínez, and A. oblivia Ocampo & Ruiz-Manzanos new species. The new species extend the distribution of the genus from Paraguay and Bolivia to Argentina. A. guaraniticus is redescribed and the characters that define the genus are extended to include A. dentata and A. oblivia. Descriptions, diagnosis illustrations, distribution maps and a key to all species of the genus are provided. The biogeography of the genus and its systematic placement within Melolonthinae are here discussed.

El género Anahi Martínez del sur del Neotrópico es comprensivamente revisado y ahora contiene tres especies: A. dentata Ocampo & Ruiz- Manzanos especie nueva, A. guaraniticus Martínez y A. oblivia Ocampo & Ruiz-Manzanos especie nueva. Las nuevas especies extienden la distribución del género de Paraguay y Bolivia a Argentina. A. guaraniticus es redescripta y se amplían los caracteres que definen el género para incluir A. dentata y A. oblivia. Se proveen descripciones, ilustraciones diagnósticas, mapas de distribución y una clave para todas las especies del género. La biogeografía del género y su posición sistemática entre los Melolonthinae son tratados en este artículo.