Fortification of Preservation Solution With Nitroprusside Does Not Alter Lung Allograft Survival in Clinical Human Lung Transplantation.

Background: Nitric oxide improves gas exchange following primary lung allograft dysfunction. Nitroprusside, a potent nitric oxide donor, has reduced reperfusion injury and improved oxygenation in experimental lung transplantation. Methods: We sought to study the effect on lung allograft outcomes of fortifying the preservation solution with nitroprusside. We conducted a single-center clinical study of 46 consecutive lung recipients between 1998 and 2000: 24 patients received donor organs preserved in modified Euro-Collins solution with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (control group), and 22 patients received organs preserved in modified Euro-Collins with PGE1 and nitroprusside (NP group). The primary endpoint was overall survival. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups except for a significantly longer graft ischemic time in the NP group vs the control group (253.3 ± 52 vs 225.3 ± 41 minutes, respectively, P=0.04). No significant differences were found in partial pressure arterial oxygen to fraction inspired oxygen ratio at ≤48 hours, primary graft dysfunction, or bronchiolitis obliterans-free days. Overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 89%, 73%, and 63% in the control group and 76%, 38%, and 23% in the NP group. Log-rank survival analysis showed that the NP group had a significantly increased risk of mortality (P=0.034) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The addition of nitroprusside to the lung transplant perfusate in this clinical trial did not improve survival; however, a large randomized trial would likely reduce confounding ischemia times and increase the power of the study.

Effect of Obesity on Component Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is routinely cited as a negative predictive factor for outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the direct mechanism responsible for this relationship has not been described. One possible explanation is a propensity for component malalignment in obese patients that is attributable to difficulty with surgical exposure. METHODS: This study evaluated the effect of obesity on TKA component alignment in 251 primary TKAs during a 12-month period at a single center in 2009. Postoperative component alignment was retrospectively measured and compared between patients defined as obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and patients defined as nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2). Alignment was determined by measuring the coronal tibiofemoral angle, coronal femoral component angle, coronal tibial component angle, sagittal femoral component angle, and sagittal tibial component angle in all of the study patients. RESULTS: Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between obesity and component alignment in any of the measured parameters. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support that obesity does not negatively affect TKA component alignment; another factor must be associated with the worse outcomes in obese patients undergoing TKA.

The Effects of a Hospitalist Comanagement Model for Joint Arthroplasty Patients in a Teaching Facility.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to compare postoperative medical comanagement of total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty patients using a hospitalist (H) and nonhospitalist (NH) model at a single teaching institution to determine the clinical and economic impact of the hospitalist comanagement. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1656 patients who received hospitalist comanagement with 1319 patients who did not. The NH and H cohorts were compared at baseline via chi-square test for the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, the t test for age, and the Wilcoxon test for the unadjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score and the age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Chi-square test was used to compare the postoperative length of stay, readmission rate at 30 days after surgery, diagnoses present on admission, new diagnoses during admission, tests ordered postoperatively, total direct cost, and discharge location. RESULTS: The H cohort gained more new diagnoses (P < .001), had more studies ordered (P < .001), had a higher cost of hospitalization (P = .002), and were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (P < .001). The H cohort also had a lower length of stay (P < .001), but we believe evolving techniques in both pain control and blood management likely influenced this. There was no significant difference in readmissions. CONCLUSION: Any potential benefit of a hospitalist comanagement model for this patient population may be outweighed by increased cost.

Financial Analysis of Treating Periprosthetic Joint Infections at a Tertiary Referral Center.

BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a significant challenge to the orthopedic surgeon, patient, hospital, and insurance provider. Our study compares the financial information of self-originating and referral 2-stage revision hip and knee surgeries at our tertiary referral center for hip or knee PJI over the last 4 years. METHODS: We performed an in-house retrospective financial review of all patients who underwent 2-stage revision hip or knee arthroplasty for infection between January 2008 and August 2013, comparing self-originating and referral cases. RESULTS: We found an increasing number of referrals over the study period. There was an increased cost of treating hips over knees. All scenarios generated a positive net income; however, referral hip PJIs offered lower reimbursement and net income per case (although not statistically significant), whereas knee PJIs offered higher reimbursement and net income per case (although not statistically significant). CONCLUSION: With referral centers treating increased numbers of infected joints performed elsewhere, we show continued financial incentive in accepting referrals, although with less financial gain than when treating one's own hip PJI and an increased financial gain when treating referral knee PJIs.

Comparison of limb-length discrepancy after THA: with and without computer navigation.

Limb-length discrepancy following total hip arthroplasty (THA) is often cited as a reason for patient dissatisfaction and for hip instability. Various intraoperative techniques have been described to help restore normal limb length after THA. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a computer-navigated surgical technique would help restore limb-length equality following THA.A retrospective study of 150 consecutive patients compared a free-hand (non-navigated) THA technique vs a computer-navigated THA technique. Each group contained 75 patients. The primary outcome measurement was limb-length discrepancy, which was evaluated using a digital anteroposterior pelvic radiograph. Secondary outcome measurements included a Harris Hip Score questionnaire and a single question evaluating the subjective feeling of the operative limb (longer, shorter, or equal). At a minimum 1-year follow-up, results showed that computer-navigated THA helped restore limb-length equality. An average leg-length difference of 0.3 mm (SD=0.3 mm) was found with computer-navigated THA compared with a leg-length difference of 1.8 mm (SD=0.7 mm) when a non-navigated THA was used. This was statistically significant. Both groups had similar Harris Hip Scores (computer-navigated group, 84.8; non-navigated group, 84.2; P=.835), and no difference was found between the 2 groups regarding the patient's perception of the operative limb length.This study demonstrated that computer-navigated THA resulted in improved restoration of normal limb length and limited significant outliers but did not show improvement in Harris Hip Scores or patient's perception of limb-length equality.

Can private, non-university-affiliated cardiothoracic training programs provide sufficient surgical experience in cardiac tumors?

Surgical case volumes in non-university-affiliated cardiothoracic surgery training programs in the US have been extensively studied by the Residency Review Committee (RRC) for thoracic surgery. The RRC has established that these programs offer a broad experience in common cardiothoracic procedures such as myocardial revascularization, valvular surgery, and cardiopulmonary transplantation. However, resident exposure to other important but less common cardiac surgical conditions in these programs remains unanswered. To address this question, an institutional review board-approved retrospective review of the experience of thoracic surgery residents with one of the rarest of surgical conditions, cardiac tumors, was conducted at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. A survey of existing private, non-university-affiliated US cardiothoracic surgery training programs was conducted to determine the extent of the cardiac tumor experience in these programs. The results were then compared with selected university programs.

Massive osteolysis due to failure of a unipolar endoprosthesis.

Unipolar endoprostheses are commonly used for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. Failure due to polyethylene wear, which has been well documented in bipolar endoprostheses, is not a commonly reported problem with unipolar prostheses. We present 2 cases of a particular unipolar design that failed due to polyethylene wear. We report these cases to promote awareness of this particular reason for failure in this design. We also question the need for polyethylene in any prosthetic, when it is not indicated for the bearing surface.

Revascularization in severe ventricular dysfunction (15% < OR = LVEF < OR = 30%): a comparison of bypass grafting and percutaneous intervention.

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the optimal approach to revascularization of patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. METHODS: We conducted a single-center observational study of 117 consecutive patients who had severe LV dysfunction (15% < OR = LV ejection fraction < OR = 30%) and underwent either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 69) or percutaneous revascularization (n = 48) between 1992 and 1997. RESULTS: The CABG group was younger (62 versus 67 years, p = 0.026), and fewer previous bypasses (7% versus 40%, p < 0.0001) and fewer prior percutaneous revascularizations (16% versus 42%, p = 0.0019) were noted. More vessels were revascularized (3 +/- 0.8 versus 1.5 +/- 0.7, p < 0.0001), and revascularization was more complete by CABG (84% versus 48%, p < 0.0001). Morbidity and mortality at 30 days were similar, and there was no significant difference in 3-year survival (73% versus 67%), although 3-year cardiac event-free survival (52% versus 25%, p = 0.0011) and 3-year target vessel revascularization-free survival (71% versus 41%, p < 0.0001) were significantly better in the CABG group, and LV ejection fraction was significantly improved after CABG. In the subgroup of patients 65 years of age or older and those without proximal left anterior descending coronary artery lesions, significant benefit of CABG in cardiac event-free and target vessel revascularization-free survival disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in clinically selected patients with severe ventricular dysfunction, CABG compared with percutaneous revascularization achieves more complete revascularization, improved LV function, fewer cardiac events, and fewer target vessel revascularizations, but does not affect mid-term survival. A prospective controlled trial with defined criteria for treatment assignment is warranted to confirm our results regarding the two revascularization strategies in patients with severe LV dysfunction.

A history of the diagnosis and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

The history of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism echoes the naes of Harvey, Virchow, Margagni, Lannec, Trendelenberg, Ochsner DeBakey, Murray and many other famous figures in medicine. Through anatomical observation, physiologic experimentation, and laboratory or clinical investigation, they individually and collectively contributed to our current knowledge and approach to the treatment of these common and often life-threatening maladies. This article chronicles the important historical milestones in the understanding and development of current surgical and medical management of thromboembolic disease.

Ventricular Septal Defect Masquerading as Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D) is a useful technique for noninvasive evaluation cardiac structure, function, and hemodynamics; however, multiple factors may limit the technical adequacy of the 2-D examination. In this article, we present the case of a ventricular septal defect to right atrial shunt, which was misinterpreted as severe tricuspid regurgitation secondary to severe pulmonary hypertension, despite the absence of right ventricular enlargement or hypertrophy. A transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination was performed to explain the discrepancy between the 2-D and Doppler findings, the results of which are discussed, along with a review of the literature.