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1.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 11(7): e0005711, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28671959

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Convulsions with fever in children are a common neurologic emergency in the tropics, and determining the contribution of endemic viral infections can be challenging. In particular, there is a dearth of data on the prevalence and clinical differentiation of Lassa virus disease (LVD) in febrile children in endemic areas of Nigeria, which has multiple lineages of the virus. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and presentation of LVD in febrile children with and without convulsions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This was a prospective study of consecutive febrile children aged ≥1 month- 15 years admitted to the Children's Emergency Room of Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. Febrile children with convulsions (Cases) were compared with those without convulsions (Controls). LVD was defined by the presence of a positive Lassa virus RT-PCR test. Rates were compared between groups using χ2 or Fisher's exact tests and p <0.05 taken as significant. 373 (40.9%) of 913 admissions had fever. Of these, 108/373 (29%) presented with convulsions. The overall prevalence of LVD was 13/373 (3.5%; 95% CI = 1.9%, 5.7%) in febrile admissions, 3/108 (2.8%) in Cases and 10/265 (3.8%) in Controls [(Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) (OR (95% CI)) of LVD in Cases versus Controls = 0.73 (0.2, 2.7)]. Only vomiting (OR (95% CI) = 0.09 (0.01, 0.70)) and bleeding (OR (95% CI) = 39.56 (8.52, 183.7)) were significantly associated with an increased prevalence of LVD. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: LVD is an important cause of fever, including undifferentiated fever in children in endemic areas, but it is not significantly associated with convulsions associated with fever. Its prevalence, and lack of clinical differentiation on presentation, underscores the importance of a high index of suspicion in diagnosis. Screening of febrile children with undifferentiated fever in endemic areas for LVD could be an important medical and public health control measure.


Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas , Febre Lassa/complicações , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Vírus Lassa/isolamento & purificação , Convulsões/epidemiologia , Convulsões/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais de Ensino , Humanos , Lactente , Febre Lassa/patologia , Vírus Lassa/genética , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa
2.
Soc Work Public Health ; 32(2): 131-140, 2017 02 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27719508

RESUMO

This study aimed at assessing knowledge of HIV/AIDS among residents of three rural communities in Nigeria. A total of 371 persons residing in selected rural communities were recruited for this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from all participants. Results of the study showed a generally high level of awareness of HIV/AIDS in all communities surveyed. However, among study participants, knowledge of mode of prevention and management of HIV infection was poor as was knowledge of HIV status and readiness to utilize free voluntary counseling and testing for HIV/AIDS services. Scale-up of HIV/AIDS education by relevant health authorities is strongly advocated.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , População Rural , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
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