RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nafamostat mesilate (NM), a protease inhibitor, is available for acute pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and is used as an anticoagulant for haemodialysis in Japan. Co-infusion of red cell concentrates (RCC) and intravenous drugs is usually contraindicated. Because of limited venous access, adherence to the guidelines may be compromised in some clinical settings. Therefore, we investigated the influence of co-infusion of RCC and various anticoagulants on haemolysis in vitro. METHODS: We investigated the effect of co-incubation of RCC and various anticoagulant drugs [NM, gabexate mesilate (GM), heparin] in packed erythrocytes. We evaluated haemolysis using lactate dehydrogenase and free haemoglobin. In addition, we also evaluated the influence of co-incubation on phosphatidylserine (PS) expression on the erythrocyte membrane. RESULTS: GM and NM induced haemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, which was inhibited by removal of citrate and pretreatment with the calcium chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. In a dynamic experiment using an infusion pump, NM not only induced haemolysis during co-infusion with RCC but also elevated PS expression dependent on extracellular calcium. CONCLUSION: NM and GM induce haemolysis in packed erythrocytes in the presence of citrate that is dependent on extracellular calcium.
Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/farmacologia , Cálcio/fisiologia , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Guanidinas/farmacologia , Hemólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Benzamidinas , Citratos , Ácido Cítrico/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Membrana Eritrocítica/química , Membrana Eritrocítica/efeitos dos fármacos , Citometria de Fluxo , Gabexato/farmacologia , Glucose , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Bombas de Infusão , Infusões Intravenosas , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Lipídeos de Membrana/sangue , Fosfatidilserinas/sangue , SoluçõesRESUMO
Plastic resin pellets (small granules 0.1-0.5 centimeters in diameter) are widely distributed in the ocean all over the world. They are an industrial raw material for the plastic industry and are unintentionally released to the environment both during manufacturing and transport. They are sometimes ingested by seabirds and other marine organisms, and their adverse effects on organisms are a concern. In the present study, PCBs, DDE, and nonylphenols (NP) were detected in polypropylene (PP) resin pellets collected from four Japanese coasts. Concentrations of PCBs (4-117 ng/g), DDE (0.16-3.1 ng/g), and NP (0.13-16 microg/g) varied among the sampling sites. These concentrations were comparable to those for suspended particles and bottom sediments collected from the same area as the pellets. Field adsorption experiments using PP virgin pellets demonstrated significant and steady increase in PCBs and DDE concentrations throughout the six-day experiment, indicating that the source of PCBs and DDE is ambient seawater and that adsorption to pellet surfaces is the mechanism of enrichment. The major source of NP in the marine PP resin pellets was thought to be plastic additives and/or their degradation products. Comparison of PCBs and DDE concentrations in mari
Assuntos
Plásticos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Água do Mar , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Summaries of the first draft of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1999.4-2000.3, are presented. EHC drafts on 2 compounds were received in this period.
Assuntos
Documentação , Saúde Ambiental/normas , Órgãos Governamentais , Animais , Arsênio , Arsenicais , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Paládio , GravidezRESUMO
Plastic debris are important marine pollutants. Plastic debris consist of resin pellets and waste plastics. We are particularly interested in resin pellets. We made field survey of resin pellets at nearly 400 sites in 200 beaches in Japan and neighboring countries. The pellets were found at all most all Japan coasts we surveyed and at some beaches of Macao, Hong Kong, Xiamen, the north of Taipei, and Cheju Island in Korea. The number of pellets was more than 1000 pieces per m2 on the most abundant beach in Japan. Through further analysis using GC/ECD, endocrine disrupting chemicals, PCBs, DDTs, HCHs and Nonylphenol were detected in selected samples. Biota such as Bryozoa were observed on the surface of pellets washed up on the beaches in subtropical areas. Pellets has been suspected to affect wildlife and human health, but we have no report on affection to human.
Assuntos
Plásticos/análise , Água do Mar , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , DDT/análise , Ásia Oriental , Humanos , Plásticos/química , Bifenilos Policlorados/análiseRESUMO
Summaries of the first draft Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) circulated for comments by IPCS during the period of 1998.4 1999.3 are presented. EHC drafts on 3 compounds were received during this period.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental/normas , Animais , Etilenoglicóis/toxicidade , Humanos , Japão , Fenóis/toxicidade , Medição de Risco , Oligoelementos/análise , Cloreto de Vinil/toxicidadeRESUMO
Summaries of the first draft of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1997.4-1998.3, are presented. EHC drafts on 7 compounds were received in this period.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental/normas , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Animais , Humanos , Cooperação InternacionalRESUMO
An information system for chemical safety has been developed on the National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) Information and Computing Infrastructure. The system is based on client server systems on the local area network (LAN) connected to the Internet. A wide range of safety information for chemicals including foods, food additives, household goods, industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants were collected and put on the World Wide Web (WWW) server and the database management system, Sybase. In addition to original information contents, the System has links to many useful Web sites so that it functions as a global hub for chemical safety information.
Assuntos
Redes de Comunicação de Computadores , Sistemas de Informação , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Segurança , Agroquímicos , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Poluentes Ambientais , Alimentos , Aditivos Alimentares , Órgãos Governamentais , Produtos Domésticos , Cooperação Internacional , JapãoRESUMO
Summaries of first draft of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1995-1996, are presented. EHC drafts on 9 compounds were received in this period.
Assuntos
Benzamidas , Boro , Exposição Ambiental , Saúde Ambiental , Metanol , Idoso , Animais , Benzamidas/toxicidade , Benzofuranos/toxicidade , Boro/toxicidade , Monóxido de Carbono/toxicidade , Dioxinas/toxicidade , Documentação , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Metanol/toxicidade , Compostos Organofosforados/toxicidade , Organotiofosfatos/toxicidade , Fosfinas/toxicidade , Padrões de Referência , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Summaries of first drafts of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1994-1995, are presented. EHC drafts on 10 compounds were received in this period.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental/normas , Cooperação Internacional , Segurança , Acrilatos , Animais , Dibrometo de Etileno , Retardadores de Chama , Humanos , Rodenticidas , TálioRESUMO
Summaries of first drafts of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1993 approximately 1994, are presented. EHC drafts on 10 compounds were received in this period.
Assuntos
Saúde Ambiental/normas , Animais , Derivados de Benzeno , Benzenossulfonatos/toxicidade , Clorofórmio/toxicidade , Cresóis/toxicidade , Exposição Ambiental , Retardadores de Chama/toxicidade , Humanos , Metomil/toxicidade , Cloreto de Metileno/toxicidade , Morfolinas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Summaries of first drafts of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC), which were circulated for comments by IPCS in the period of 1992-1993, were presented. EHC drafts on 12 compounds and 2 methodologies were received in this period.