Profile and Correlates of Sleep Quality and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea among Young Persons in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Sleep breathing disorders (SDB), especially obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are poorly studied in the young population. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA and its associated risk factors among young persons. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used, and participants aged 16-35 years were recruited from five tertiary institutions in Ibadan, South Western, Nigeria. The study used a structured questionnaire, stadiometer, weighing scale, tape measure, and digital blood pressure machine to collect data. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were used to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep quality respectively. To assess the risk of OSA, we used both the STOP-Bang questionnaire and the NOSAS score. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse the data, and statistical significance was set at <0.05. RESULTS: A total of 354 participants were included in this report with a mean age of 21.2±3.5 years. The female: male ratio was 1.9:1. The mean ±standard deviation of PSQI, GAD-7 score and PHQ-9 were 2.2±1.1, 12.4±5.1 and 15.0±5.4 respectively. The following percentages of participants were found to be at low, intermediate, and high risk for OSA: 94.1%, 5.6%, and 0.3%, respectively. This study showed that age and GAD-7 score were independently associated with the PSQI score while age, body mass index, neck cuff size and PHQ-9 score for OSA score. CONCLUSION: There is a burden of OSA among this population of young people; and modifying anthropometric and psychosocial factors can help mitigate the risk of OSA outcomes.

CONTEXTE: Les troubles respiratoires du sommeil (TRS), en particulier l'apnée obstructive du sommeil (AOS), sont peu étudiés chez la population jeune. Cette étude visait à déterminer la prévalence de l'ASO et ses facteurs de risque associés chez les jeunes. MÉTHODES: Un schéma d'étude transversale a été utilisé, et les participants âgés de 16 à 35 ans ont été recrutés dans cinq institutions tertiaires à Ibadan, au sud-ouest du Nigeria. L'étude a utilisé un questionnaire structuré, une toise, une balance, un ruban à mesurer et un tensiomètre numérique pour collecter les données. Le questionnaire Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), le Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) et l'index de qualité du sommeil de Pittsburgh (PSQI) ont été utilisés pour évaluer la dépression, l'anxiété et la qualité du sommeil respectivement. Pour évaluer le risque d'AOS, nous avons utilisé à la fois le questionnaire STOP-Bang et le score NOSAS. Le logiciel Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 a été utilisé pour analyser les données, et la signification statistique a été fixée à <0,05. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 354 participants ont été inclus dans cette étude avec un âge moyen de 21,2±3,5 ans. Le ratio femmes : hommes était de 1,9:1. Les moyennes ± écart-type du PSQI, du score GAD-7 et du PHQ-9 étaient respectivement de 2,2±1,1, 12,4±5,1 et 15,0±5,4. Les pourcentages suivants de participants étaient classés à faible, intermédiaire et haut risque d'AOS: 94,1 %, 5,6 % et 0,3 %, respectivement. Cette étude a montré que l'âge et le score GAD-7 étaient associés de manière indépendante au score PSQI, tandis que l'âge, l'indice de masse corporelle, la circonférence du cou et le score PHQ-9 étaient associés au score ASO. CONCLUSION: Il existe un fardeau de l'ASO parmi cette population de jeunes; et la modification des facteurs anthropométriques et psychosociaux peut aider à atténuer le risque de résultats d'ASO. MOTS-CLÉS: Apnée obstructive du sommeil; Troubles Respiratoires du Sommeil ; Épidémiologie ; Trouble du sommeil.

Atypical presentation of mpox in Irrua environs: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, -is an orthopoxvirus infection of the skin and previously a public health emergency of international concern. It reemerged in Nigeria over 5 years ago and has since spread to other parts of the world. This is a case report of a confirmed patient who was managed at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria before the global surge. This report shows peculiar differences from previous patients managed at the same center in terms of the relatively prolonged eruptive phase, possible seasonal occurrence of mpox in the community, and some traditional care for mpox and skin rashes. It also corroborates previous reports of possible sexual transmission of mpox in Nigeria before the report from the global outbreak. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient is a 30-year-old Nigerian male artisan with a 2-month history of raised rashes on the body that started on the genitals then involved other parts of the body. There was history of sore throat and unprotected sex with a female partner with similar rash whose other sexual history could not be ascertained. There was also history of "seasonal" rash in his village for about 7 years prior to his symptoms. Examination showed multiple vesicles and some nodules (ulcerating, healing, and healed) on the face, trunk, limbs, gluteal region, scrotum, palms, and sole, an almost circumferential penile ulcer, and lymphadenopathy. Polymerase chain reaction skin samples sent for mpox returned positive, while retroviral and coronavirus disease 2019 screenings were negative. He was managed in isolation while contact tracing in the affected community was initiated. CONCLUSION: Atypical presentations of mpox, as managed in Irrua before the global surge, emphasize the varied spectrum of presentations (typical and atypical) in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for a higher index of suspicion for the uncommon presentations which will strengthen case recognition, case management, and community-based interventions as well as surveillance in the prevention and control of mpox in Irrua, its environs, Nigeria, and the world.

Androgenetic alopecia: Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and component traits among Nigerian adults.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Works on AGA, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and MetS are rare among Nigerians. Aim: This study set out to determine the relationship among CVRFs, MetS, and AGA. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done among adults who were 18 years and above in selected communities in Ogbomoso on 260 consenting AGA participants as well as 260 age controls without AGA. They were matched for age and sex using a multistage sampling method. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile samples were collected. MetS was diagnosed using International Diabetes Federation criteria. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Ethical approval was gotten before commencement of the study (LTH/OGB/EC/2017/162). Result: Metabolic syndrome in AGA was higher than in controls (8.08% vs. 7.69%, p = 0.742). AGA was significantly associated with elevated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.008), low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c) (p < 0.001), alcohol intake (p < 0.001), dyslipidaemia (p = 0.002), and sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.010). The correlates of AGA severity in male and female gender are age (p < 0.001 and 0.009 respectively), SBP (p = 0.024) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.027) in male gender. Conclusion: AGA in Nigerians is associated with dyslipidaemia, alcohol intake, and sedentary lifestyle. AGA severity is related to age, higher mean SBP, abdominal obesity and low HDL-c in male and age, and Body mass index in females. Nigerians with AGA should be screened for dyslipidaemia and counseled against the use of alcohol and sedentary lifestyle.

Vitamin D Level in Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hypovitaminosis D is a worldwide disorder, with a high prevalence in the general population. This study aims to assess the serum vitamin D level and its relationship with cluster for differentiation; CD4+T cells among HIV infected individuals on HAART. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 150 subjects attending the infectious disease Clinic of LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso and presently on antiretroviral treatment. Serum from blood samples collected was analyzed and diagnostic cut-off of (<30ng/ml) and (> 30ng/ml) were used as Deficient and Sufficient vitamin D respectively. Variables such as duration on ART, CD4 count and viral load were extracted from case notes of subjects. RESULTS: There was disproportionately more female than malesubjects with a male to female ratio of 1:3. Subjects were aged between 16 and 73 years with a mean age of 41.57 ± 10.62. Few subjects (5.3%) were underweight, 23.3% were overweight, and 26% were obese. The median CD4 count was 241.5 cells/mm3 and 72% of subjects were immunosuppressed. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 45.3% (n=68). CD4 count was associated with the level of serum vitamin D, p-value < 0.05. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among the studied HIV population. Our study found a significant correlation between serum vitamin D level and CD4 counts. It may be concluded that highly antiretroviral therapy HAART, improves CD4 level when there is sufficient vitamin D level, however, this merits further extensive exploration.

CONTEXTE ET OBJECTIF: L'hypovitaminose D est un trouble mondial dont la prévalence est élevée dans la population générale trouble mondial, avec une prévalence élevée dans la population générale. Cette étude vise à évaluer le taux sérique de vitamine D et sa relation avec le groupe de différenciation des cellules T CD4+ chez les personnes infectées par le VIH sous traitement antirétroviral. MÉTHODES: Il s'agit d'une étude transversale menée parmi 150 sujets qui fréquentent la clinique des maladies infectieuses du infectieuses du LAUTECH Teaching Hospital d'Ogbomoso et actuellement sous traitement antirétroviral. Le sérum des échantillons de sang prélevés a été analysé et les seuils de diagnostic de (<30ng/ml) et (> 30ng/ml) ont été utilisés comme carence et suffisance en vitamine D respectivement. Les variables telles que la durée du traitement antirétroviral, le nombre de CD4 et la charge virale ont été extraites des notes de cas des sujets ont été extraites des notes de cas des sujets. RÉSULTATS: Il y avait un nombre disproportionné de femmes parrapport aux hommes hommes, avec un rappor hommes/femmes de 1:3. Les sujets étaient âgés de entre 16 et 73 ans, avec un âge moyen de 41,57 ± 10,62 ans. Peu de sujets sujets (5,3 %) étaient en souspoids, 23,3 % étaient en surpoids et 26 % étaient obèses. 26 % étaient obèses. Le nombre médian de CD4 était de 241,5 cellules/ mm cube et 72 % des sujets étaient immunodéprimés. La prévalence de la carence en vitamine D était de 45,3 % (n=68). Le taux de CD4 était associé au niveau de vitamine D sérique, valeur p < 0,05. CONCLUSION: La carence en vitamine D était prévalente parmi la population la population VIH étudiée. Notre étude a trouvé une corrélation significative corrélation significative entre le taux de vitamine D sérique et le nombre de CD4. Il peut être conclu que le traitement hautement antirétroviral HAART améliore le taux de CD4 lorsque le taux de vitamine D est suffisant, cependant, cela mérite une étude plus approfondie. MOTS-CLÉS: Vitamine D, Hypovitaminose D, VIH/SIDA, HAART.

Striae Distensae: A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors and Quality of Life among Nigerians.

BACKGROUND: Striae distensae is a common affliction of darkly pigmented skin. The pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the Quality of Life (QoL) have not been widely examined. OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence, pattern, risk factors and impact of striae distensae on the QoL of sufferers. METHODS: 520 adults were included through a crosssectional design. Demographic and striae distensae-related clinical parameters were documented and QoL evaluated using Skindex-29 and DLQI. RESULTS: Mean age of participants was 24.10±5.44years. Participants with striae distensae were significantly females (71.9% vs 28.1%, p<0.001) and mild (61.9%) and moderate (32.5%) striae distensae were prevalent. Higher total mean ± SD and mean ranked scores correlated with single status (p<0.001 and p=0.017) and striae distensae severity (p<0.001 and p=0.035) on Skindex and DLQI, respectively. Singles with striae distensae had significantly higher scores on symptom/feeling (p<0.001), daily activities (p=0.003), relationship (p=0.043), leisure (p=0.004), treatment (p=0.011) and work/school (p=0.014) on DLQI. Striae distensae was associated with higher emotion (p<0.001) and functioning (p<0.001) scores on Skindex-29. In regression analysis, age < 30years OR-1.219 (CI: 1.062, 1.400, p=0.005), was a predictor of severe QoL impairment on Skindex-29 and age <30 years OR-1.130 (CI: 1.022, 1.250, p=0.017), obesity OR=1.091, 95% (CI 1.008;1.181, p=0.032) and concern about striae distensae OR-2.482 (CI: 1.392, 4.425, p=0.002) on DLQI. CONCLUSION: Psychologic evaluation might be indicated in cases of singles with moderate-severe striae distensae and impaired QoL. Predictors of impaired QoL include young age, high BMI, and concerns about striae distensae.

CONTEXTE: Striae distensae est une affection courante de la peau à pigmentation foncée. Le modèle, les facteurs de risque et l'impact des stries distensae sur la qualité de vie (QdV) n'ont pas été largement examinés. OBJECTIF: Documenter la prévalence, le profil, les facteurs de risque et l'impact des stries distensae sur la qualité de vie des patients. MÉTHODES: 520 adultes ont été inclus dans le cadre d'un devis transversal. Les paramètres cliniques démographiques et liés aux striae distensae ont été documentés et la qualité de vie évaluée à l'aide du Skindex-29 et du DLQI. RÉSULTATS: L'âge moyen des participants était de 24,10 ± 5,44 ans. Les participants avec des vergetures étaient significativement des femmes (71,9% contre 28,1%, p<0,001) et des vergetures légères (61,9 %) et modérées (32,5 %) étaient prévalentes. Des totaux plus élevés signifient ± SD et des scores classés moyens en corrélation avec le statut unique (p<0,001 et p=0,017) et la sévérité des stries distensae (p<0,001 et p=0,035) sur Skindex et DLQI, respectivement. Les célibataires atteints de stries distensae avaient des scores significativement plus élevés sur les symptômes/émotions (p<0,001), les activités quotidiennes (p=0,003), la relation (p=0,043), les loisirs (p=0,004), le traitement (p=0,011) et le travail/l'école (p=0,014) sur DLQI. Striae distensae était associée à des scores plus élevés d'émotion (p<0,001) et de fonctionnement (p<0,001) sur Skindex-29. Dans l'analyse de régression, l'âge < 30 ans OR-1,219 (IC : 1,062, 1,400, p=0,005), était un prédicteur d'une altération sévère de la qualité de vie sur Skindex-29 et l'âge <30 ans OR-1,130 (IC : 1,022, 1,250, p=0,017), obésité OR=1,091, 95 % (IC 1,008 ; 1,181, p=0,032) et inquiétude concernant les stries distensae OR-2,482 (IC : 1,392, 4,425, p=0,002) sur le DLQI. CONCLUSION: Une évaluation psychologique pourrait être indiquée dans les cas de célibataires présentant des stries distensae modérées à sévères et une qualité de vie altérée. Les prédicteurs d'une qualité de vie altérée comprennent le jeune âge, un IMC élevé et des inquiétudes concernant les stries distensae. MOTS-CLÉS: Striae distensae; Qualité de vie; DLQI; Skindex-29, Psychodermatologie.

Hyper-Immunoglobulin E Syndrome and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lower Lip: A Case Report.

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome is a Primary Immuno-deficiency Syndrome (PIDS) characterized by high serum immunoglobulin E, eczema rash and recurrent sinopulmonary and skin infections. In this report, we present a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip in a young patient with Hyper IgE syndrome. The patient had initially developed a chronic non-healing ulcer and a biopsy done revealed a squamous cell carcinoma. Immunodeficiency has been recognized as an essential risk factor for cancer through immune dysregulation and defective immunosurveillance.

Burnout among Nigerian doctors: a systematic review

Burnout among physicians is a global phenomenon which has been under-reported in middle and low-income economies. The importance of burn-out on the physicians' well-being, patient care and overall health care system cannot be overemphasized. In Nigeria, few studies are specific to burnout, with most of the available studies exploring psychosocial issues at physicians' workplace stress and job dissatisfaction. This present review of literature is assessing burnout among Nigerian Physicians. This review is designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review identified observational, review, longitudinal and experimental studies on Nigerian physicians between 1970- 2017, which have the full text in the English language. The articles were searched from online databases such as PUBMED, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), African Journals Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar by researchers. The keywords used include "Physician", "Nigeria", "burn-out" syndrome. The prevalence of 23.6% to 51.7% burnout was reported among physicians in the selected studies, with young age being a strong predictor for burnout. High burden of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were reported in the study carried out among resident doctors who are early career doctors. The prevalence of burnout reported from these studies in Nigeria is very high, although they are within the globally reported range of physician burnout. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of information on the subject matter among Nigerian Physicians. There is a need to carry out more studies on burnout among Nigerian Physicians

Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus antibody among undergraduates in Ogbomosho, South-Western Nigeria

Background: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), among a healthy university undergraduate population in south-western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Relevant medical information of students who underwent the post-admission screening exercise for the year 2012, at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Health Center, Ogbomoso were extracted from the laboratory log book. All tests were done using rapid anti-HCV test kit by Health - Chem diagnostics, USA. A total of 1,572 students were included in the study. The mean age was 19.61 (} 2.75) years while the age range was 15- 50 years. A total of 821 (52.20%), of the subjects were males while 751 (47.80%) were females. More than ninety nine percent (99.90%) of the subjects were aged 15-30 years, whereas those aged .31 years were comparatively few (0.60%). Results: Of the 1572 students, 6 tested positive, giving an overall prevalence of 0.40%. Three (0.37%) of the 821 male subjects tested positive while 3(0.40%) also of the 751 female subjects tested positive. Age-group 21-30 years had the highest prevalence of anti - HCV (0.50%), followed by agegroups . 20 years with 0.30% prevalence. None of the subjects in age-groups 31-40 and . 41 years tested positive. Conclusion: These observed differences were not statistically significant. The prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus is low among the young healthy undergraduate population in the south - western region of Nigeria