RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Therefore, our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: We systematically reviewed randomized clinical trials evaluating efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment (OPT) compared with inpatient treatment (IPT) of community-acquired pneumonia in patients without added co-morbidity. Relative Risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) were calculated. RESULTS: From 4088 reviewed articles, two articles were included for meta-analysis, including 2324 patients. One study was conducted in adults, and the other was carried out in pediatric patients. Treatment setting was not significantly associated with treatment failure (RR 0.84 [95% CI 0.68, 1.02]). Death occurred in 6 of 2324 with no difference between the two groups (RR 0.56 [95 % CI 0.12-2.61]). Finally, no differences were seen in hospital readmission between groups (RR 0.82 [95 % CI 0.52-1.30]). CONCLUSION: Evidence shows that treatment setting of community-acquired pneumonia is not statistically associated with treatment failure or mortality.
Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es un problema serio de salud a nivel mundial. El objetivo es evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento ambulatorio de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática y un metaaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaran la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento ambulatorio (TA) comparado con el hospitalario (TH) de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, en pacientes sin comorbilidad agregada. Se calcularon riesgos relativos (RR) e intervalos de confianza al 95 % (IC 95 %). Resultados: Se identificaron 4088 títulos, solo dos artículos fueron incluidos en el metaanálisis, uno realizado en adultos y el otro en población pediátrica. Se incluyeron 2324 pacientes. El TA presentó menos fallas que el TH ( TA 12.6 frente a TH 15.21 %, RR 0.84 [IC 95% 0.68-1.02]). En relación con la seguridad se presentaron dos defunciones (0.17 %) en el TA y cuatro en el TH (0.34 %) (RR 0.56 [IC 95 % 0.12-2.61]). Finalmente, tampoco encontramos diferencia en la readmisión hospitalaria entre los grupos (RR 0.82 [IC 95 % 0.52-1.30]). Conclusión: la evidencia muestra que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el tratamiento ambulatorio y el tratamiento hospitalario de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad.
Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Pneumonia/terapia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/terapia , Humanos , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Altitude above sea level and body mass index are well-recognized determinants of oxygen saturation in adult populations; however, the contribution of these factors to oxygen saturation in children is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the contribution of altitude above sea level and body mass index to oxygen saturation in children. METHODS: A multi-center, cross-sectional study conducted in nine cities in Mexico. Parents signed informed consent forms and completed a health status questionnaire. Height, weight, and pulse oximetry were recorded. RESULTS: We studied 2,200 subjects (52% girls) aged 8.7 ± 3.0 years. Mean body mass index, z-body mass index, and oxygen saturation were 18.1 ± 3.6 kg·m-2, 0.58 ± 1.3, and 95.5 ± 2.4%, respectively. By multiple regression analysis, altitude proved to be the main predictor of oxygen saturation, with non-significant contributions of age, gender, and body mass index. According to quantile regression, the median estimate of oxygen saturation was 98.7 minus 1.7% per km of altitude above sea level, and the oxygen saturation fifth percentile 97.4 minus 2.7% per km of altitude. CONCLUSIONS: Altitude was the main determinant of oxygen saturation, which on average decreased 1.7% per km of elevation from a percentage of 98.7 at sea level. In contrast with adults, this study in children found no association between oxygen saturation and obesity or age.
Assuntos
Altitude , Índice de Massa Corporal , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Oximetria , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess airway resistance values and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) concentrations before and after salbutamol inhalation in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Children with BPD were cross-sectionally studied to measure airway resistance by the interrupter technique (Rint), before and after inhaling 200 ig salbutamol, and to quantify urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) by immunoassay. RESULTS: Thirty one children with BPD (15 females) aged between 3 months and 9 years were studied. Our results showed that LTE4 did not correlate with Rint values (r = 0.12, p = 0.52) even after adjusting by gender, atopy history, steroid use, and gastroesophageal reflux. Likewise, LTE4 did not correlate with the degree of the airway response to salbutamol (r = -0.13, p = 0.50). A strong inverse association between age and Rint (r = -0.58, p < 0.001) was observed. CONCLUSION: We concluded that urinary LTE, did not correlate with airway resistance or with the response to a bronchodilator drug in children with BPD, suggesting that leukotrienes are not involved in airway obstruction in this disease.