Motivational orientations of students towards internet dependent behavior and measures for its prevention.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim is to study the motivation of students towards Internet dependent behavior and develop practical recommendations for improving a set of measures for its prevention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research involved 154 students of the National Academy of Internal Affairs. Research methods: analysis and generalization of literature sources, questionnaire, statistical methods. RESULTS: Results: The priority motives of students who manifest Internet dependence behavior were identif i ed. The motivational orientations of students determine their systematic stay in the virtual environment and include, first of all, compliance with modern world trends; accessibility of content; the need for recognition of personal results by other users; satisfaction with virtual communication with the social environment. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The practical recommendations for improving a set of measures to counteract the spread of Internet dependence among students were developed. Overcoming Internet dependence involves influencing a person to change his or her motivational and value as well as communication spheres. Prevention of Internet dependence involves public health professionals conducting awareness-raising as well as psychological and correctional work with the most vulnerable categories of people.

Self-assessment of somatic and mental health by instructor-officers under the influence of negative factors of professional activities.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the impact of negative factors of professional activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law in Ukraine on the somatic and mental health of instructor-officers with different teaching experiences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research involved 131 instructor-officers with different teaching experiences. Three groups of instructor-officers were formed: Group 1 - instructors with up to 10 years of teaching experience (n = 30), Group 2 - instructors with 10 to 20 years of experience (n = 47), Group 3 - instructors with more than 20 years of experience (n = 54). The self-assessment of somatic and mental health was carried out using a questionnaire developed by the authors. RESULTS: Results: The negative impact of the factors of professional activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and martial law in Ukraine on the somatic and mental health of instructor-officers was established. More than 50 % of the instructors rated their health as satisfactory, and more than 20 % as poor. The overwhelming majority of instructors reported a slight (over 40 %) and significant (over 30 %) deterioration in both somatic and mental health. Health problems over the past year have interfered with the performance of professional duties for more than 80 % of instructor-officers. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The systematic impact of negative factors can lead to some psychosomatic disorders and diseases in instructor-officers and a decrease in the quality of their teaching activities. This necessitates the search for ways to restore the somatic and mental health of instructor-officers.

Changes in somatic and mental health indicators of instructor-officers under stress.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate changes in the indicators of somatic and mental health of instructor-officers in higher educational institutions with specific learning environment under stress. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The research involved instructor-officers of the National Academy of Internal Affairs (Ukraine, n = 86) with different teaching experiences: up to 10 years (group 1, n = 22), from 10 to 20 years (group 2, n = 31), over 20 years (group 3, n = 33). The study of somatic and mental health was carried out in September-October 2021 (Stage 1) and in September-October 2023 (Stage 2). RESULTS: Results: Significantly negative changes in the indicators of somatic and mental health of instructor-officers with different experiences of teaching under stress were found. The most pronounced negative changes were found in the body weight index, vital index, strength index, Martin-Kushelevsky index, and emotional exhaustion of instructors. Among the studied groups of instructor-officers, the greatest changes occurred in instructors with 10 to 20 years of experience and more than 20 years, and the least - in instructors with up to 10 years of experience. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that the professional activities of instructor-officers, which take place under stress, negatively affect both the somatic and mental health of instructors, regardless of their teaching experience. Such activities lead to an increase in body weight, deterioration of the functioning of the main body systems, and increased professional burnout of instructors. This can lead to several psychosomatic disorders and diseases in instructor-officers and a decrease in the quality of their teaching activities.

Small-angle X-ray scattering structural insights into alternative pathway of actin oligomerization associated with inactivated state.

In addition to the well-known monomeric globular (G-actin) and polymeric fibrillar (F-actin) forms, actin can exist in the so-called inactivated form (I-actin). Hsp70 chaperon, prefoldin, and CCT chaperonin are required to obtain native globular state. In contrast, I-actin is spontaneously formed in the absence of intracellular folding machinery. I-actin can be obtained from G-actin by elimination of divalent ion, incubation in presence of small concentrations of denaturants, and by heat exposure. Since G-actin is a quasi-stationary, thermodynamically unstable form, it can gradually transform into inactivated state in the absence of chelating/denaturating agents or heat exposure, but the transition is much slower. I-actin was shown to associate into oligomers up to the molecular weight of 14-16 G-actin monomers, though the structure of these oligomers remains uncharacterized. This study employs small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal novel insights into the oligomerization process of such spontaneously formed inactivated actin. These oligomers are differentiated from F-actin through comparative analysis, highlighting a unique oligomerization pathway.

CADETS' MOTIVATION FOR MOTOR ACTIVITY AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN IMPROVING THEIR HEALTH.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate cadets' motivational priorities for physical exercises and sports in the process of their training and the dynamics of their health indicators. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted at the National Academy of Internal Affairs in 2018-2022. The research of motivational priorities involved 372 male cadets from the 1st to the 4th instructional years aged 17 to 22. Two groups were formed to investigate the state of cadets' health: group A (n = 39) included motivated cadets who were additionally engaged in sports, group B (n = 66) was represented by insufficiently motivated cadets who undertook training according to the traditional physical education program and did not additionally engage in physical exercises and sports. RESULTS: Results: It was found that the motivational priorities of cadets for physical exercises and sports vary depending on the instructional year. Group A cadets showed a significantly better level of health than those from group B, by 2.98 points (p ≤ 0.001) during the 4th instructional year. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A high level of cadets' health formed in the process of physical exercises and sports during training will contribute to the mastering of the educational program and, in the future, will ensure the effectiveness of their service activities. Therefore, the formation of cadets' conscious motivation for motor activities during training in order to improve their health is an important task of higher educational institutions.

I-Shaped Dimers of a Plant Chloroplast FOF1-ATP Synthase in Response to Changes in Ionic Strength.

F-type ATP synthases play a key role in oxidative and photophosphorylation processes generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for most biochemical reactions in living organisms. In contrast to the mitochondrial FOF1-ATP synthases, those of chloroplasts are known to be mostly monomers with approx. 15% fraction of oligomers interacting presumably non-specifically in a thylakoid membrane. To shed light on the nature of this difference we studied interactions of the chloroplast ATP synthases using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) method. Here, we report evidence of I-shaped dimerization of solubilized FOF1-ATP synthases from spinach chloroplasts at different ionic strengths. The structural data were obtained by SAXS and demonstrated dimerization in response to ionic strength. The best model describing SAXS data was two ATP-synthases connected through F1/F1' parts, presumably via their δ-subunits, forming "I" shape dimers. Such I-shaped dimers might possibly connect the neighboring lamellae in thylakoid stacks assuming that the FOF1 monomers comprising such dimers are embedded in parallel opposing stacked thylakoid membrane areas. If this type of dimerization exists in nature, it might be one of the pathways of inhibition of chloroplast FOF1-ATP synthase for preventing ATP hydrolysis in the dark, when ionic strength in plant chloroplasts is rising. Together with a redox switch inserted into a γ-subunit of chloroplast FOF1 and lateral oligomerization, an I-shaped dimerization might comprise a subtle regulatory process of ATP synthesis and stabilize the structure of thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts.

THE IMPACT OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate the impact of professional stress on the mental health of law enforcement officers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research involved two groups of law enforcement officers (aged 25-40): the first group with up to 7 years of service activities (n = 52), the second group - 8-15 years (n = 48). Research methods: bibliosemantic, questionnaire, testing, method of system analysis and generalization, mathematical and statistical. RESULTS: Results: It was found that law enforcement officers of both groups identified indicators of a significant professional workload, lack of adequate rest, and the nature of communication with participants in professional relationships among the factors of professional stress. It is proved that the mental health of law enforcement officers deteriorates under the influence of professional stress with the experience of their professional activities. Law enforcement officers with 8-15 years of service experience have significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) worse indicators of anxiety, aggressiveness, motivation, personal detachment, impulsive¬ness, vigor, and work efficiency. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was established that the professional stress of law enforcement officers is the result of an imbalance between the internal resources of the individual and the requirements of the external environment, embodied in the peculiarities of law enforcement activities. Law enforcement officers are char¬acterized by the presence of professional stress of average and high severity, which increases with the experience of their service activities. A set of measures was proposed to provide psychological assistance to law enforcement officers to effectively counteract professional stress and improve their mental health.

PECULIARITIES OF FORMATION OF CADETS' PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AND PHYSICAL READINESS FOR COMBAT STRESS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate the impact of special physical training sessions on the formation of cadets' psychological resilience and physical readiness for the stress factors of future professional and combat activities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research involved 96 cadets (men) in the 2nd training year of S. P. Koroliov Zhytomyr Military Institute (Ukraine) aged 18-20 years, who were divided into two groups: the experimental (E, n = 47) and the control (C, n = 49). The cadets of the E group studied according to the authors' program, and the C group cadets - according to the existing program. Cadets' psychological resilience was studied using psycho-diagnostic methods aimed at assessing their volitional qualities. Cadets' physical fitness was assessed by the tests of general and special physical training. RESULTS: Results: It was found that the level of general physical training of the E and the C group cadets was significantly the same (p > 0.05) at the end of the research but in terms of special physical training and psychological readiness, the E group cadets had all indicators significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) better than those of the C group. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It has been proved that the special physical training sessions conducted according to the authors' program were more effective than the existing program in forming cadets' physical readiness and psychological resilience for stress factors of future professional and combat activities.

Mirror proteorhodopsins.

Proteorhodopsins (PRs), bacterial light-driven outward proton pumps comprise the first discovered and largest family of rhodopsins, they play a significant role in life on the Earth. A big remaining mystery was that up-to-date there was no described bacterial rhodopsins pumping protons at acidic pH despite the fact that bacteria live in different pH environment. Here we describe conceptually new bacterial rhodopsins which are operating as outward proton pumps at acidic pH. A comprehensive function-structure study of a representative of a new clade of proton pumping rhodopsins which we name "mirror proteorhodopsins", from Sphingomonas paucimobilis (SpaR) shows cavity/gate architecture of the proton translocation pathway rather resembling channelrhodopsins than the known rhodopsin proton pumps. Another unique property of mirror proteorhodopsins is that proton pumping is inhibited by a millimolar concentration of zinc. We also show that mirror proteorhodopsins are extensively represented in opportunistic multidrug resistant human pathogens, plant growth-promoting and zinc solubilizing bacteria. They may be of optogenetic interest.

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON HEALTH AND PSYCHO!EMOTIONAL STATE OF MANAGERS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate the e!ect of physical training sessions on health and psycho-emotional state of managers of law enforcement agencies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted in 2019-2021. The research involved 155 managers of law enforcement agencies (men) of different age groups. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of literature, pedagogical observation, testing, methods of mathematical statistics, including correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient was used). RESULTS: Results: An insufficient level of general physical #tness of managers of law enforcement agencies of all age groups was revealed. The worst level was found among managers of older age groups. Among physical qualities, the worst level was found in the development of endurance. A reliable relationship between the indicators of health and psycho-emotional state of managers of law enforcement agencies and the level of their general physical #tness was revealed. The highest correlation coefficients of these. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was established that the use of general physical training with the predominant use of endurance and strength exercises, taking into account the age of managers of law enforcement agencies is the direction of solving the problem of promoting health, improving indicators of psycho-emotional state and professional activities of managers of law enforcement agencies.

MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATUS OF INSTRUCTORS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING THEIR PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To research the morphofunctional status of instructors of higher educational institutions of di"erent age groups in the process of their pedagogical activities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2021. The research involved 126 instructor offcers (men) of different age groups: under 30 years of age - 21 people, 31-35 years of age - 27 people, 36-40 years of age - 32 people, 41-45 years of age - 27 people, over 45 years of age - 19 people. Morphofunctional status of the instructor offcers was assessed by the indicators of their height, body weight, lung vital capacity, wrist dynamometry, heart rate, blood pressure and relevant indices. RESULTS: Results: It was found that during the study (2019-2020) the Kettle index, vital index, strength index, Robinson index and duration of recovery processes deteriorated among instructor offcers of all age groups. However, in instructor offcers of 36-40, 41-45 and over 45 years of age most of indices deteriorated reliably (P < 0.05). The values of the studied indices are below average or low in most instructors of all age groups, most instructors are overweight. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that the level of morphofunctional status of the instructional sta" is insuffcient to perform the tasks of their pedagogical activities. Rationally organized health-improving physical training sessions, taking into account the age group, morphofunctional status of instructors and the time of training sessions during the working day can be an effective way to solve this problem.

MOTIVATION DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH PRESERVATION OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF SPECIAL AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: EUROPEAN PRACTICES.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim is to study and to improve the motivation of mental health preservation of specialists in the field of special and inclusive education according to European experiences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The experimental part of the research involved the use of the valid psychodiagnostic methods and tech¬niques: direct and indirect observation, standardized questionnaire survey, semi-standardized individual interviews, psychodiag¬nostic methods. The research was attended by 131 Master's degree students (aged 25-27), specialty 053 Psychology, Educational program - special, clinical psychology. RESULTS: Results: The program "European practices of motivation development of mental health preservation" expands perception of ca¬pabilities, which encourages the disclosure of the creative potential of the individual; anxiety symptoms disappear (or decrease); a system of value orientations is formed; the desire to strengthen spiritual and physical strength. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Program contributes to the formation of an image of mentally healthy person, stimulation to adhere to a mentally healthy lifestyle and the motivation development of mental health preservation.

FORMATION OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL READINESS OF CADETS DURING APPLIED EXERCISES.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: is to study the level and dynamics of the development of physical and psychological qualities of the cadets in the process of engagement in pentathlon classes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research involved 18-23 years old cadets (men) of the first-fourth years of training. The level of the cadets' physical qualities was assessed by their results in the 100 m run, pull-ups, 3 km run, overcoming of the obstacle course. The level of the cadets' psychological qualities was studied using the following methods: well-being-activity-mood methodol¬ogy; methods of self-assessment of psycho-emotional state; methods of determining the level of the development of volitional self-regulation of the individual. RESULTS: Results: The positive influence of pentathlon classes on the development of physical and psychological qualities in the cadets and the improvement of their psycho-emotional state was established. The greatest effect was found in exercises aimed at de-veloping endurance and agility as well as coordination skills. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that pentathlon classes are more effective than the traditional physical training classes; they affect the level of the development of all cadets' physical qualities. The high level of physical and psychological qualities of the cadets will help to improve their future professional activities.

Improvement of Health and Morphofunctional Status of Law Enforcement Officers of Older Age Groups during the Organized Motor Activities.

BACKGROUND: With age, there is a tendency for the health of law enforcement officers to deteriorate. This especially applies to instructor officers, whose professional activity is characterized by a significant decrease in the volume of motor activity, overloading of the intellectual sphere, and high neuro-emotional stress. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the research is to investigate the influence of recreational and healthpromoting training sessions with physical exercise on the health, physical development, and functional status of instructor officers of older age groups. METHODS: 62 instructor officers (aged 40-45) of various academic disciplines took part in the research. The instructors of the experimental group (EG, n = 30) were engaged in physical exercises in accordance with the authors' program of recreational and health-promoting training sessions; the instructors of the control group (CG, n = 32) attended the training sessions according to the existing physical training program. RESULTS: It was found that at the end of the experiment, the studied indicators of the EG instructor officers were significantly better than those of the CG ones, according to the indicators of body weight, Quetelet index, the vital capacity of lungs, vital index, strength index, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, Robinson index, and level of physical health. CONCLUSION: It was established that systematic recreational and health-promoting training sessions have a positive effect on the health level of the instructor officers of older age groups. This will allow them to carry out instructional activities at a high professional level and ensure resistance to adverse factors of professional activities.

IMPACT OF MOTOR ACTIVITY ON PROMOTION OF HEALTH AND RESTORATION OF MENTAL CAPACITY OF TEACHING STAFF.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To find out the impact of exercise on promotion of health and restoration of mental capacity of instructors of higher educational institutions with specific learning environment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted in 2018-2021. Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature sources, documentary method, pedagogical obser¬vation. The theoretical analysis of literature sources and documentary method allowed to clarify the role, place and objectives of physical training in the professional activities of the instructors; the pedagogical observation was used in the analysis of the instructors' professional activities. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that the instructors' professional activities are influenced by many negative factors: low motor activity, length of working day and week, forced working position, stress, mental overload, stress, lack of time for physical training. These factors result in the appearance of excess weight, dysfunction of major body systems, reduced mental capacity, the emergence of various diseases and labour costs. All this has a negative impact on the learning process of cadets. The direction for improving the physical training of instructors is to increase the amount of general physical training, conducting training sessions with different orientations taking into account age, physical condition, teaching load of instructors, as well as class time. A high level of instructors' general physical fitness will allow to effectively perform training tasks; strengthen their health; maintain a high level of mental capacity for a long time; extend professional longevity.

Structural basis for receptor selectivity and inverse agonism in S1P5 receptors.

The bioactive lysophospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts via five different subtypes of S1P receptors (S1PRs) - S1P1-5. S1P5 is predominantly expressed in nervous and immune systems, regulating the egress of natural killer cells from lymph nodes and playing a role in immune and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as carcinogenesis. Several S1PR therapeutic drugs have been developed to treat these diseases; however, they lack receptor subtype selectivity, which leads to side effects. In this article, we describe a 2.2 Å resolution room temperature crystal structure of the human S1P5 receptor in complex with a selective inverse agonist determined by serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-Ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) and analyze its structure-activity relationship data. The structure demonstrates a unique ligand-binding mode, involving an allosteric sub-pocket, which clarifies the receptor subtype selectivity and provides a template for structure-based drug design. Together with previously published S1PR structures in complex with antagonists and agonists, our structure with S1P5-inverse agonist sheds light on the activation mechanism and reveals structural determinants of the inverse agonism in the S1PR family.

Short-Term Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain-Specific Antibody Induction on Neutrophil-Mediated Immune Response in Mice.

Vaccination protects against COVID-19 via the spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody formation, but it also affects the innate immunity. The effects of specific antibody induction on neutrophils that can cause severe respiratory inflammation are important, though not completely investigated. In the present study, using a mouse model mimicking SARS-CoV-2 virus particle inhalation, we investigated neutrophil phenotype and activity alterations in the presence of RBD-specific antibodies. Mice were immunized with RBD and a week after a strong antibody response establishment received 100 nm particles in the RBD solution. Control mice received injections of a phosphate buffer instead of RBD. We show that the application of 100 nm particles in the RBD solution elevates neutrophil recruitment to the blood and the airways of RBD-immunized mice rather than in control mice. Analysis of bone marrow cells of mice with induced RBD-specific antibodies revealed the increased population of CXCR2+CD101+ neutrophils. These neutrophils did not demonstrate an enhanced ability of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation compared to the neutrophils from control mice. Thus, the induction of RBD-specific antibodies stimulates the activation of mature neutrophils that react to RBD-coated particles without triggering excessive inflammation.

COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN CORRECTIONAL WORK WITH OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DISORDERS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To investigate the effectiveness of comprehensive approach in correctional work with older preschool children with speech disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted in 2018-2022. The research involved 250 children aged 5-7 years, who were divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 150 children with motor alalia (57 girls and 93 boys). The control group consisted of 100 children without speech disorders (48 girls and 52 boys). RESULTS: Results: The analysis of outpatient cards of children with speech disorders of various aetiology was carried out. The main results of a comprehensive medical as well as psychological and pedagogical examination of children with motor alalia are highlighted. The result of the research revealed that organic lesion of the brain affects not only the clinical presentation of nonverbal symptoms, but also psychospeech development, in particular. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The expediency of using a comprehensive diagnostic methodology was proved, where the medical component consisted in studying the peculiarities of bioelectrical activity of the brain on electroencephalography, which reflects the process of its morphological maturation in ontogenesis.

CADETS' PHYSICAL HEALTH AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE DURING COMBAT SPORT TRAINING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To study the influence of sambo training on the dynamics of indicators of physical health and psycho-emotional state of cadets in the process of their education. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research was conducted at the National Academy of Internal Affairs in 2018-2021. The research involved 17-23 years old male cadets. Two groups of cadets were formed: the experimental group (EG, n = 30), the cadets of which were engaged in sambo during their physical training sessions, and the control group (CG, n = 30), the cadets of which were engaged in the traditional methods of physical training sessions. The level of cadets' physical health was examined according to the method of the professor G. L. Apanasenko. RESULTS: Results: The positive effect of sambo training on the cadets' physical health and psycho-emotional state was revealed. The EG cadets showed significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) better indicators among the studied ones than the CG cadets. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The results of the research allows coming to the conclusion that the high level of physical health and psycho-emotional state of the cadets who were engaged in sambo training will improve the effectiveness of their service tasks performance in the future.

Microbial Rhodopsins.

The first microbial rhodopsin, a light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum (HsBR), was discovered in 1971. Since then, this seven-α-helical protein, comprising a retinal molecule as a cofactor, became a major driver of groundbreaking developments in membrane protein research. However, until 1999 only a few archaeal rhodopsins, acting as light-driven proton and chloride pumps and also photosensors, were known. A new microbial rhodopsin era started in 2000 when the first bacterial rhodopsin, a proton pump, was discovered. Later it became clear that there are unexpectedly many rhodopsins, and they are present in all the domains of life and even in viruses. It turned out that they execute such a diversity of functions while being "nearly the same." The incredible evolution of the research area of rhodopsins and the scientific and technological potential of the proteins is described in the review with a focus on their function-structure relationships.