Alectinib-induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient with Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is a rare condition with an increasing incidence associated with the frequent use of certain drugs. An 85-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma prescribed alectinib complained of dyspnea on exertion at our hospital. Based on her laboratory tests results on admission, we focused on the clinical course of anemia and hemolysis progression after alectinib administration. The patient's anemia and hemolysis gradually improved after discontinuation of alectinib, leading to a diagnosis of alectinib-induced IHA, presented here as the first case encountered in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of correlating clinical laboratory findings in DIIHA.

Clinical significance of BIM deletion polymorphism in chemoradiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

The standard treatment for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) treatment. BIM deletion polymorphism induces the suppression of apoptosis resulting from epidermal growth factor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. We aimed to examine the effects of BIM polymorphism on CRT and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment in NSCLC patients. In this retrospective study of 1312 patients with unresectable NSCLC treated at Higashi-Hiroshima Medical Center and Hiroshima University Hospital between April 1994 and October 2019, we enrolled those who underwent CRT or chemotherapy using carboplatin + paclitaxel or cisplatin + vinorelbine, or anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment. Of 1312 patients, 88, 80, and 74 underwent CRT, chemotherapy, and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment, respectively, and 17.0%, 15.2% and 17.6% of these patients showed BIM polymorphism. Among patients receiving CRT, the progression-free survival was significantly shorter in those with BIM deletion than in those without. In the multivariate analyses, BIM polymorphism was an independent factor of poor anti-tumor effects. These results were not observed in the chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment groups. In in vitro experiments, BIM expression suppression using small interfering RNA in NSCLC cell lines showed a significantly suppressed anti-tumor effect and apoptosis after irradiation but not chemotherapy. In conclusion, we showed that BIM polymorphism was a poor-predictive factor for anti-tumor effects in NSCLC patients who underwent CRT, specifically radiotherapy. In the implementation of CRT in patients with BIM polymorphism, we should consider subsequent treatment, keeping in mind that CRT may be insufficient.

The Effective Treatment of Lung Infection Due to Scedosporium prolificans with Voriconazole and Surgery.

Scedosporium prolificans is a fungus that has demonstrated resistance against most currently available antifungal agents and which causes a rapidly disseminating and potentially fatal infection. A 68-year-old woman presented with a fever and consolidation in the lung field. Her symptoms and inflammatory reaction did not improve despite treatment with tazobactam/piperacillin, meropenem, and micafungin. Scedosporium prolificans was detected from the patient's bronchial lavage fluid, and we initiated treatment with voriconazole. Voriconazole was effective in shrinking the consolidation and suppressing the inflammatory reaction. The residual lesion was surgically resected because of the risk of systemic dissemination. The patient is currently alive without relapse or dissemination.